differential ISUZU AXIOM 2002 Service Owner's Guide

DIFFERENTIAL (REAR)4A2±1
AXIOM
DRIVELINE/AXLE
Differential (Rear)
CONTENTS
Service Precaution 4A2±1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Description 4A2±2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagnosis 4A2±3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Axle Housing 4A2±5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Axle Housing and Associated Parts 4A2±5. . . . . .
Removal 4A2±5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation 4A2±7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Axle Shaft, Oil Seal and Bearing 4A2±7. . . . . . . . . .
Axle Shaft and Associated Parts 4A2±7. . . . . . . . .
Removal 4A2±8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inspection 4A2±8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation 4A2±8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pinion Oil Seal 4A2±10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pinion Oil Seal and Associated Parts 4A2±10. . . . .
Removal 4A2±10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inspection and Repair 4A2±11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation 4A2±11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Differential Assembly 4A2±13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disassembled View 4A2±13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inspecting the Axle Before Disassembly 4A2±14. .
Disassembly 4A2±14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inspection and Repair 4A2±16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reassembly 4A2±16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Side Bearing Preload Adjustment 4A2±20. . . . . . . .
Pinion Installation 4A2±21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Determination of Backlash & Preload Shims 4A2±22
Backlash Adjustment 4A2±23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gear Tooth Pattern Check 4A2±23. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adjustments Affecting Tooth Contact 4A2±24. . . . .
Differential Case Assembly 4A2±25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disassembled View 4A2±25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disassembly 4A2±26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inspection and Repair 4A2±26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reassembly 4A2±26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Limited Slip Differential Assembly 4A2±27. . . . . . . . .
Disassembled View 4A2±27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Disassembly 4A2±27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inspection and Repair 4A2±29. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reassembly 4A2±29. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Main Data And Specifications 4A2±31. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Special Tools 4A2±32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service Precaution
WARNING: THIS VEHICLE HAS A SUPPLEMENTAL
RESTRAINT SYSTEM(SRS). REFER TO THE SRS
COMPONENT AND WIRING LOCATION VIEW IN
ORDER TO DETERMINE WHETHER YOU ARE
PERFORMING SERVICE ON OR NEAR THE SRS
COMPONENTS OR THE SRS WIRING. WHEN YOU
ARE REFORMING SERVICE ON OR NEAR THE SRS
COMPONENTS OR THE SRS WIRING, REFER TO
THE SRS SERVICE INFOMATION. FAILURE TO
FOLLOW WARNINGS COULD RESULT IN POSSIBLE
AIR BAG DEPLOYMENT, PERSONAL INJURY, OR
OTHERWISE UNNEEDED SRS SYSTEM REPAIRS.CAUTION: Always use the correct fastener in the
proper location. When you replace a fastener, use
ONLY the exact part number for that application.
ISUZU will call out those fasteners that require a
replacement after removal. ISUZU will also call out
the fasteners that require thread lockers or thread
sealant. UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED , do not
use supplemental coatings (Paints, greases, or other
corrosion inhibitors) on threaded fasteners or
fastener joint interfaces. Generally,such coatings
adversely affect the fastener torque and the joint
clamping force, and may damage the fastener. When
you install fasteners, use the correct tightening
sequence and specification. Following these
instructions can help you avoid damage to parts and
systems.

4A2±2DIFFERNTIAL (REAR)
General Description
The rear axle assembly is of the semi±floating type in
which the vehicle weight is carried on the axle housing .
The center line of the pinion gear is below the center line
of the ring gear (hypoid drive).
All parts necessary to transmit power from the propeller
shaft to the rear wheels are enclosed in a salisbury type
axle housing (a carrier casting with tubes pressed and
welded into the carrier). A removable aluminum cover at
the rear of the axle housing permits rear axle service
without removal of the entire assembly from the vehicle.
The 8.9 inch ring gear rear axle uses a conventional ring
and pinion gear set to transmit the driving force of the
engine to the rear wheels. This gear set transfers this
driving force at a 90 degree angle from the propeller shaft
to the drive shafts.
The axle shafts are supported at the wheel end of the
shaft by a roller bearing.
The pinion gear is supported by two tapered roller
bearings. The pinion depth is set by a shim pack located
between the gear end of the pinion and the roller bearing
that is pressed onto the pinion. The pinion bearing
preload is set by crushing a collapsible spacer between
the bearings in the axle housing.
The ring gear is bolted onto the differential case with 10
bolts.
The differential case is supported in the axle housing by
two tapered roller bearings. The differential and ring gear
are located in relationship to the pinion by using selective
shims and spacers between the bearing and the
differential case. To move the ring gear, shims are deleted
from one side and an equal amount are added to the other
side. These shims are also used to preload the bearings
which are pressed onto the differential case. Two bearing
caps are used to hold the differential into the rear axle
housing.
The differential is used to allow the wheels to turn at
different rates of speed while the rear axle continues to
transmit the driving force. This prevents tire scuffing
when going around corners and prevents premature wear
on internal axle parts.
The rear axle is sealed with a pinion seal, a seal at each
axle shaft end, and by a liquid gasket between the rear
cover and the axle housing.
Limited Slip Differential (LSD)
The axle assembly may be equipped with an limited slip
differential (LSD). It is similar to the standard differential
except that part of the torque from the ring gear is
transmitted through clutch packs between the side gears
and differential case.
The LSD construction permits differential action when
required for turning corners and transmits equal torque to
both wheels when driving straight ahead. However, when
one wheel tries to spin due to a patch of ice, etc., the
clutch packs automatically provide more torque to the
wheel which is not trying to spin.
In diagnosing customer complaints, it is important to
recognize two things:
1. If, both wheels slip, with unequal traction, the LSD
has done all it can possibly do.
2. In extreame cases of differences in traction, the
wheel with the least traction may spin after the LSD
has transferred as much torque as possible to the
non-slipping wheel.
Limited Slip Differntials impose additional requirements
on lubricants, and require a special lubricant or lubricant
additive. Use 80W90 GL±5 LSD lubricant.
Rear Axle Identification
The Bill of Material and build date information(1) is
stamped on the right axle tube on the rearward side.
The axle ratio is identified by a tag(3) which is secured by
a cover bolt. If the axle has limited-slip differntial, it also
will be identified with a tag(2) secured by a cover bolt.
425RX001

DIFFERENTIAL (REAR)4A2±3
Diagnosis
Many noises that seem to come from the rear axle
actually originate from other sources such as tires, road
surface, wheel bearings, engine, transmission, muffler, or
body drumming. Investigate to find the source of the
noise before disassembling the rear axle. Rear axles, like
any other mechanical device, are not absolutely quiet but
should be considered quiet unless some abnormal noise
is present.
To make a systematic check for axle noise, observe the
following:
1. Select a level asphalt road to reduce tire noise and
body drumming.
2. Check rear axle lubricant level to assure correct level,
and then drive the vehicle far enough to thoroughly
warm up the rear axle lubricant.
3. Note the speed at which noise occurs. Stop the
vehicle and put the transmission in neutral. Run the
engine speed slowly up and down to determine if the
noise is caused by exhaust, muffler noise, or other
engine conditions.
4. Tire noise changes with different road surfaces; axle
noises do not. Temporarily inflate all tires to 344 kPa
(50 psi) (for test purposes only). This will change
noise caused by tires but will not affect noise caused
by the rear axle.
Rear axle nose usually stops when coasting at
speeds under 48 km/h (30 mph); however, tire noise
continues with a lower tone. Rear axle noise usually
changes when comparing pull and coast, but tire
noise stays about the same.
Distinguish between tire noise and rear axle noise by
noting if the noise changes with various speeds or
sudden acceleration and deceleration. Exhaust and
axle noise vary under these conditions, while tire
noise remains constant and is more pronounced at
speeds of 32 to 48 km/h (20 to 30 mph). Further check
for tire noise by driving the vehicle over smooth
pavements or dirt roads (not gravel) with the tires at
normal pressure. If the noise is caused by tires, it will
change noticeably with changes in road surface.
5. Loose or rough front wheel bearings will cause noise
which may be confused with rear axle noise; however,
front wheel bearing noise does not change when
comparing drive and coast. Light application of the
brake while holding vehicle speed steady will often
cause wheel bearing noise to diminish. Front wheel
bearings may be checked for noise by jacking up the
wheels and spinning them or by shaking the wheels to
determine if bearings are loose.
6. Rear suspension rubber bushings and spring
insulators dampen out rear axle noise when correctly
installed. Check to see that there is no link or rod
loosened or metal±to±metal contact.7. Make sure that there is no metal±to±metal contact
between the floor and the frame.
After the noise has been determined to be in the axle, the
type of axle noise should be determined, in order to make
any necessary repairs.
Gear Noise
Gear noise (whine) is audible from 32 to 89 km/h (20 to 55
mph) under four driving conditions.
1. In drive under acceleration or heavy pull.
2. Driving under load or under constant speed.
3. When using enough throttle to keep the vehicle from
driving the engine while the vehicle slows down
gradually (engine still pulls slightly).
4. When coasting with the vehicle in gear and the throttle
closed. The gear noise is usually more noticeable
between 48 and 64 km/h (30 and 40 mph) and 80 and
89 km/h (50 and 55 mph).
Bearing Noise
Bad bearings generally produce a rough growl or grating
sound, rather than the whine typical of gear noise.
Bearing noise frequently ªwow±wowsº at bearing rpm,
indicating a bad pinion or rear axle side bearing. This
noise can be confused with rear wheel bearing noise.
Rear Wheel Bearing Noise
Rear wheel bearing noise continues to be heard while
coasting at low speed with transmission in the neutral.
Noise may diminish by gentle braking. Jack up the rear
wheels, spin them by hand and listen for noise at the
hubs. Replace any faulty wheel bearings.
Knock At Low Speeds
Low speed knock can be caused by worn universal joints
or a side gear hub counter bore in the cage that is worn
oversize. Inspect and replace universal joints or cage and
side gears as required.
Backlash Clunk
Excessive clunk on acceleration and deceleration can be
caused by a worn rear axle pinion shaft, a worn cage,
excessive clearance between the axle and the side gear
splines, excessive clearance between the side gear hub
and the counterbore in the cage, worn pinion and side
gear teeth, worn thrust washers, or excessive drive pinion
and ring gear backlash. Remove worn parts and replace
as required. Select close±fitting parts when possible.
Adjust pinion and ring gear backlash.

4A2±4DIFFERNTIAL (REAR)
Rear Axle Noise
ConditionPossible causeCorrection
Noise in DriveExcessive pinion to ring gear
backlash.Adjust.
Worn pinion and ring gear.Replace
Worn pinion .bearings.Replace.
Loose pinion bearings.Adjust.
Excessive pinion end play.Adjust.
Worn side bearings.Replace.
Loose side bearings.Adjust.
Excessive ring gear run-out.Replace.
Low oil level.Replenish.
Wrong or poor grade oil.Replace.
Bent axle housing.Replace.
Noisy when coastingAxle noise heard when driving will
usually be heard also on coasting,
although not as loud.Adjust or replace.
Pinion and ring gear too tight (audible
when slowing down and disappears
when driving).Adjust.
Intermittent noiseWarped bevel ring.Replace.
Loose differential case bolts.Tighten.
Constant noiseFlat spot on pinion or ring gear teeth.Replace.
Flat spot on bearing.Replace.
Worn pinion splines.Replace.
Worn axle shaft dowel holes.Replace.
Worn hub studs.Replace.
Bent axle shaft.Replace.
Noisy on turnsWorn differential side gears and
pinions.Replace.
Worn differential shaft.Replace.
Worn axle shaft splines.Replace.
Limited Slip Differential
ConditionPossible causeCorrection
Does not lockBroken clutch plates.Replace the clutch plates.
Chatters in turnsLubricant contaminated.Drain lube when hot. Wipe carrier
clean. Refill with lube specified in
Main Data and Specifications at the
end of this section.
Clutch plates dateriorated.Replace clutch plates.
Noise (in addition to normal clutch
engagement)
Broken clutch plates.Replace clutch plates.
engagement)Damaged case.Replace unit.
Broken differential gears.Replace gears.

DIFFERENTIAL (REAR)4A2±5
Axle Housing
Axle Housing and Associated Parts
420RW030
Legend
(1) Lower Link
(2) Stabilizer
(3) Upper Link
(4) Rear Propeller shaft
(5) Shock Absorber(6) Lateral Rod
(7) Brake Hose
(8) Coil Spring
(9) Parking Cable
(10) Axle Assembly
Removal
1. Raise the vehicle and support it with suitable safety
stands.
The hoist must remain under the rear axle housing.
2. Take out brake fluid. Refer to
Hydraulic Brakes in
Brake
section.
3. Remove rear wheels and tires. Refer to
Wheel
Replacement in Suspension
section.
4. Remove propeller shaft. Refer to
Rear Propeller
Shaft
in this section.
5. Drain the rear axle oil into a proper container.
6. Remove parking brake cable, release the connection
between the cable fixing clip equalizer. Refer to
Parking Brakes in Brake section.
7. Move the clip aside and pull out the breather hose.
8. Disconnect the ABS connectors (1) and remove the
brackets attached to the frame and center link.
350RW023

DIFFERENTIAL (REAR)4A2±7
Installation
1. Install brake pipe.
2. Connect Antilock brake system (ABS) speed sensor
and harness, refer to
4±Wheel Anti±Lock Brake
System (ABS) in Brake
section.
3. Install brake disc.
4. Install brake caliper. Refer to
Disk Brakes in Brake
section.
5. Install axle housing assembly.
6. Install coil spring and insulator.
7. Install the lower link fixing bolt and nut to the axle
housing. For the procedures in items 7±11, refer to
Suspension section.
8. Install the upper link bolt and nut to the axle housing.9. Install the lateral rod fixing nut and bolt to the frame
side.
10. Install the stabilizer linkage mounting nut and bolt to
the frame side.
11. Install the shock absorber.
12. Install brake tube flare nut, Refer to
Disk Brakes in
Brake
section.
13. Install ABS connector and bracket.
14. Connect breather hose.
15. Install parking brake cable, Refer to
Parking Brakes in
Brake
section.
16. Bleed brakes. Refer to
Hydraulic Brakes in Brake
section.
Axle Shaft, Oil Seal and Bearing
Axle Shaft and Associated Parts
Disc Brake Model
420RW008
Legend
(1) Axle Shaft
(2) Backing Plate
(3) Oil Seal
(4) Bearing
(5) Axle Housing
(6) Lock Washer
(7) Nut
Drum Brake Model
420RX001
Legend
(1) Axle Shaft
(2) Backing Plate
(3) Oil Seal
(4) Bearing
(5) Axle Housing
(6) Lock Washer
(7) Nut

DIFFERENTIAL (REAR)4A2±9
3. Install oil seal. Note direction.
4. Install bearing assembly, using installer and press.
420RS030
NOTE: Install bearing with cup towards inboard side.
420RS031
5. Install retainer ring, using installer and press.
420RS033
6. Install snap ring.
7. Install axle shaft assembly into housing.
8. Install bolts, lockwashers, and nuts.
Tighten the retainer nuts to the specified torque.
Torque : 75 N´m (55 lb ft)

DIFFERENTIAL (REAR)4A2±11
4. Remove flange nut and washer by using pinion flange
holder J±8614±01 after raising up its staked parts
completely.
425RW037
5. Remove flange by using SST J±8614±1 ~ 3.

Have a suitable container in place to catch
lubricant.
425RW038
6. Remove oil seal.
7. Remove pinion oil seal slinger.
8. Remove outer bearing by using remover J±39602.
425RS090
9. Remove collapsible spacer.
Inspection and Repair
Make necessary correction or parts replacement if wear,
damage, corrosion or any other abnormal condition are
found through inspection.
Check the following parts.
1. Seal surface of the flange.
2. Cage bore for burns.
Installation
1. Install collapsible spacer, discard the used collapsible
spacer and install a new one.
2. Install outer bearing.
NOTE: Do not drive in, but just temporarily set in the outer
bearing by hand, which should be indirectly pressed in
finally by tightening the flange nut.

DIFFERENTIAL (REAR)4A2±13
Differential Assembly
Disassembled View
420RW018
Legend
(1) ABS Speed Sensor
(2) Housing
(3) Outer Pinion Bearing (Cup and Cone)
(4) Outer Oil Slinger
(5) Oil Seal
(6) Companion Flange Assembly
(7) Pinion Nut Washer
(8) Pinion Nut
(9) Collapsible Spacer
(10) Baffle Plate
(11) Inner Pinion Bearing (Cup and Cone)
(12) Inner Oil Slinger
(13) Pinion gear adj. Shim-Selective (Position)
(14) Ring gear and Pinion Gear Assembly
(15) Exciter Ring
(16) Differential Case(17) Lock Pin
(18) Axle Vent
(19) Gasket
(20) Cover and Clip Assembly
(21) Fill Plug (with Magnet)
(22) Mounting Bracket
(23) Side Bearing Cap Bolt
(24) Side Bearing Cap
(25) Ring Gear Bolts
(26) Differential Adjustment Shims (Side Bearing
Preload and Ring Gear/Pinion Backlash)
(27) Side Bearing (Cup and Cone)
(28) Differential Shaft
(29) Differential Side Gears
(30) Side Gear Thrust Washer
(31) Pinion Mate Gears
(32) Thrustwasher-Differential Pinion Mate Gear

4A2±14DIFFERNTIAL (REAR)
Inspecting the Axle Before
Disassembly
1. Remove the axle cover from the rear axle and drain
the axle lubricant into a suitable container.
2. Check ring gear backlash. Refer to
Backlash
Adjustment
in this section. This information can be
used to determine the cause of the axle problem. It
will also help when setting up the shim packs for
locating and preloading the differential cage.
3. Check case for metal chips and shavings. Determine
where these chips and shavings come from, such as
a broken gear or bearing cage.

If possible, determine the cause of the axle problem
before disassembly.
Disassembly
1. Remove axle shafts.

Refer to
axle shaft replacement in this section.
2. Remove ABS sensor.
3. Remove bearing caps and bolts.

Mark the caps and the housing as left and right.
CAUTION: Be a ri n g c a p s a re machined with the
housing and must be assembled in the same
position as removed. Note the matched letter
stamped on the caps and carrier. When assembled,
the letters on the caps must agree in both the
hosizontal and vertical position with the letters on
the carrier.
420RW003
4. Remove Differential case.

Pry the case from the axle housing at the differential
ªwindowº.
420RW010
5. Remove side bearing outer races and shims.

Mark the races and shims as left and right, and
place them with the bearing cups.
6. Remove differential side bearings using remover
J±42379 and plug J±39830.

Select insert ; 303174 and collet halves ; 44801 in
remover kit J±42379.
415RW003
7. Remove ring gear bolts.

Ring gear bolts use right handed threads.
CAUTION: DO not pry the ring gear from the case.
This will damage the ring and the differential case.