oil type ISUZU AXIOM 2002 Service Owner's Guide

4C±45 DRIVE SHAFT SYSTEM
General Description
This publication contains essential removal, installation,
adjustment and maintenance procedures.
The front axle utilizes a central disconnect type front
axle/transfer case system.The drive axles are completely flexible assemblies,
consisting of inner and outer constant velocity (CV) drive
shaft joints connected by an axle shaft.
For description of front propeller shaft and universal joint,
refer to
Front Propeller Shaft in this section.
Diagnosis
ConditionPossible causeCorrection
Oil Leak At Front AxleWorn or defective oil seal.Replace the oil seal.
Front axle housing cracked.Repair or replace.
Oil Leak At Pinion ShaftToo much gear oil.Correct the oil level.
Oil seal worn or defective.Replace the oil seal.
Pinion flange loose or damaged.Tighten or replace.
Noises In Front Axle Drive Shaft
JointBroken or worn drive shaft joints and
bellows (BJ and DOJ).Replace the drive shaft joints and
bellows.
ªClankº When Accelerating From
ªCoastºLoose drive shaft joint to output shaft
bolts.Tighten.
Damaged inner drive shaft joint.Replace.
Shudder or Vibration During
Acceleration
Excessive drive shaft joint angle.Repair.
AccelerationWorn or damaged drive shaft joints.Replace.
Sticking spider assembly (inner drive
shaft joint).Lubricate or replace.
Sticking joint assembly (outer drive
shaft joint).Lubricate or replace.
Vibration At Highway SpeedsOut of balance or out of round tires.Balance or replace.
Front end out of alignment.Align.
Noises in Front AxleInsufficient gear oil.Replenish the gear oil.
Wrong or poor grade gear oil.Replace the gear oil.
Drive pinion to ring gear backlash
incorrect.Adjust the backlash.
Worn or chipped ring gear, pinion
gear or side gear.Replace the ring gear, pinion gear or
side gear.
Pinion shaft bearing worn.Replace the pinion shaft bearing.
Hub unit bearing worn.Replace the hub unit bearing.
Differential bearing loose or worn.Tighten or replace.
Wanders and PullsIncorrect front alignment.Adjust the front alignment.
Steering unit loose or worn.Tighten or replace.
Tire worn or improperly inflated.Adjust the inflation or replace.
Front or rear suspension parts loose
or broken.Tighten or replace.
Front Wheel ShimmyHub unit bearing worn.Replace.
Incorrect front alignment.Adjust the front alignment.
Worn ball joint or bush.Replace the ball joint or bush.
Steering unit loose or worn.Tighten or replace.
Tire worn or improperly inflated.Replace or adjust the inflation.
Shock absorber worn.Replace the shock absorber.

4C±66
DRIVE SHAFT SYSTEM
Main Data and Specifications
General Specifications
Front drive axle oil capacity1.25 liter (1.32 US qt)(Differential)
0.12 liter (0.13 US qt)(Actuator Housing:Shift on the fly)
Type of lubricantGL±5 (75W±90) Refer to chart in General Information
Axle shaft typeConstant velocity joint(Birfield joint type and double offset joint)
Torque Specifications
412RY00040

4C±79 DRIVE SHAFT SYSTEM
Rear Propeller Shaft
Rear Propeller Shaft and Associated Parts
401RX003
Legend
(1) Bolt, Nut and Washer (Transfer Side)(2) Rear Propeller Shaft
(3) Bolt, Nut and Washer (Rear Axle Side)
Removal
1. Raise the vehicle on a hoist.
NOTE: Apply alignment marks on the flange at the rear
propeller shaft both front and rear side.
2. Remove transfer side bolt, nut and washer (except
spline yoke type).
3. Remove rear axle side bolt, nut and washer.
4. Remove rear propeller shaft.
NOTE: Plug the hole of the transmission rear end to
prevent oil leakage (spline yoke type only).
Installation
NOTE: Never install the shaft assembly backwards.
Never insert bar between yoke lugs when tightening or re-
moving bolts.
Completely remove the dust or foreign matter from the
connecting surface of flange coupling on each end of the
propeller shaft.
1. Align the mark which is applied at removal.
2. Install rear propeller shaft and tighten the bolts to the
specified torque.
Torque: 63 N´m(46 lb ft)

4D2±2
TRANSFER CASE (TOD)
General Description
A04R200003
The Torque-On-Demand (TOD) is an
electronically-controlled torque-split 4-wheel drive
system with the following features.
Shifting Between High and Low Ranges
The shifting mechanism consists of the cam and shaft rail
assembly, the high/low shift motor and the encoder. The
encoder is built-in to the motor.
The encoder senses high/low range shift motor rotation
position and sends this data to the TOD control unit.
Based on this data, the TOD control unit adjusts motor
rotation speed or stops the motor.
The shifting between the high and low ranges using the
TOD switch only is possible. The vehicle must be stopped
or nearly stopped (vehicle speed less than 2 km/h (1.2
mph) and engine speed less than 1,500 rpm), the
automatic transmission selector level must be in the
neutral (N) position, and the brakes must be applied.
Electronically-controlled Wet-type Multiple
Disc Clutch
The clutch automatically provides the optimum drive
power to the front wheels of the vehicle in response to
varying road surface conditions when the vehicle is
operated in the TOD mode. The delivered power ranges
from 0% to 100% of power train output. Superior
operational stability is maintained over a wide range of
operating conditions.
Front Output Drive
Front output drive is provided by a chain. This reduces the
loud noise associated with 4-wheel drive operation.
Oil Pump Lubrication
An oil pump is used to lubricate the transfer. This ensures
stable multiple-disc clutch operation and maintains the
lubricating oil at a constant temperature.

4D2±32
TRANSFER CASE (TOD)
Main Data and Specification
General Specification
TypeElectronically controlled torque split four wheel drive with two wheel
drive.
2WD: Rear two wheel drive
TOD: Electronically controlled torque split four wheel drive.
4L: Low speed mechanical lockup four wheel drive.
Rear drive: Direct drive
Front drive: Chain drive
Low range deceleration: Planetary gear drive
Control systemSwitch control
Gear ratioHigh: 1.000
Low: 2.480
Lubrication systemBuilt-in oil pump
Forced lubrication
Type of lubricantATF DEXRON)±II or III
Oil capacity1.35 liters. (1.43 US.quart)
Clutch discs number13
Planetary gear teeth numberSun gear: 58
Pinion gear: 15
Ring gear: 86

5A±11
BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Several acronyms and abbreviations are commonly used
throughout this section:
ABS
Anti-lock Brake System
CIM
Coil Integrated Module
CKT
Circuit
DLC
Data Link Connector
EHCU
Electronic Hydraulic Control Unit
FL
Front Left
FR
Front Right
GEN
Generator
H/U
Hydraulic Unit
MV
Millivolts
RR
Rear
RPS
Revolution per Second
VDC
DC Volts
VA C
AC Volts
W/L
Warning Light
WSS
Wheel Speed Sensor
General Diagnosis
General Information
ABS troubles can be classified into two types, those
which can be detected by the ABS warning light and those
which can be detected as a vehicle abnormality by the
driver.
In either case, locate the fault in accordance with the
ªBASIC DIAGNOSTIC FLOWCHARTº and repair.
Please refer to
Section 5C for the diagnosis of
mechanical troubles such as brake noise, brake judder
(brake pedal or vehicle vibration felt when braking),
uneven braking, and parking brake trouble.
ABS Service Precautions
Required Tools and Items:

Box Wrench

Brake Fluid

Special ToolSome diagnosis procedures in this section require the
installation of a special tool.
J-39200 High Impedance Multimeter
When circuit measurements are requested, use a circuit
tester with high impedance.
Computer System Service Precautions
The Anti-lock Brake System interfaces directly with the
Electronic Hydraulic Control Unit (EHCU) which is a
control computer that is similar in some regards to the
Powertrain Control Module. These modules are designed
to withstand normal current draws associated with
vehicle operation. However, care must be taken to avoid
overloading any of the EHCU circuits. In testing for opens
or shorts, do not ground or apply voltage to any of the
circuits unless instructed to do so by the appropriate
diagnostic procedure. These circuits should only be
tested with a high impedance multimeter (J-39200) or
special tools as described in this section. Power should
never be removed or applied to any control module with
the ignition in the ªONº position.
Before removing or connecting battery cables, fuses or
connectors, always turn the ignition switch to the ªOFFº
position.
General Service Precautions
The following are general precautions which should be
observed when servicing and diagnosing the Anti-lock
Brake System and/or other vehicle systems. Failure to
observe these precautions may result in Anti-lock Brake
System damage.

If welding work is to be performed on the vehicle using
an electric arc welder, the EHCU and valve block
connectors should be disconnected before the
welding operation begins.

The EHCU and valve block connectors should never
be connected or disconnected with the ignition ªONº .

If only the rear wheels are rotated using jacks or drum
tester, the system will diagnose a speed sensor
malfunction and the ªABSº warning light will
illuminate. But actually no trouble exists. After
inspection stop the engine once and re-start it, then
make sure that the ªABSº warning light does not
illuminate.
If the battery has been discharged
The engine may stall if the battery has been completely
discharged and the engine is started via jumper cables.
This is because the Anti-lock Brake System (ABS)
requires a large quantity of electricity. In this case, wait
until the battery is recharged, or set the ABS to a
non-operative state by removing the fuse for the ABS
(50A). After the battery has been recharged, stop the
engine and install the ABS fuse. Start the engine again,
and confirm that the ABS warning light does not light.
Note on Intermittents
As with virtually any electronic system, it is difficult to
identify an intermittent failure. In such a case duplicating
the system malfunction during a test drive or a good
description of vehicle behavior from the customer may be
helpful in locating a ªmost likelyº failed component or

6A±3
ENGINE MECHANICAL (6VE1 3.5L)
General Description
Engine Cleanliness And Care
An automobile engine is a combination of many
machined, honed, polished and lapped surfaces with
tolerances that are measured in the thousandths of a
millimeter (ten thousandths of an inch). Accordingly,
when any internal engine parts are serviced, care and
cleanliness are important. Throughout this section, it
should be understood that proper cleaning and protection
of machined surfaces and friction areas is part of the
repair procedure. This is considered standard shop
practice even if not specifically stated.

A liberal coating of engine oil should be applied to all
friction areas during assembly to protect and lubricate
the surfaces on initial operation.

Whenever valve train components, pistons, piston
rings, connecting rods, rod bearings, and crankshaft
journal bearings are removed for service, they should
be retained in order.

At the time of installation, they should be installed in
the same locations and with the same mating
surfaces as when removed.

Battery cables should be disconnected before any
major work is performed on the engine. Failure to
disconnect cables may result in damage to wire
harness or other electrical parts.

The six cylinders of this engine are identified by
numbers; Right side cylinders 1, 3 and 5, Left side
cylinders 2, 4 and 6, as counted from crankshaft
pulley side to flywheel side.
General Information on Engine Service
The following information on engine service should be
noted carefully, as it is important in preventing damage
and contributing to reliable engine performance.

When raising or supporting the engine for any reason,
do not use a jack under the oil pan. Due to the small
clearance between the oil pan and the oil pump
strainer, jacking against the oil pan may cause
damage to the oil pick±up unit.

The 12±volt electrical system is capable of damaging
circuits. When performing any work where electrical
terminals could possibly be grounded, the ground
cable of the battery should be disconnected at the
battery.

Any time the intake air duct or air cleaner is removed,
the intake opening should be covered. This will
protect against accidental entrance of foreign
material into the cylinder which could cause extensive
damage when the engine is started.
Cylinder Block
The cylinder block is made of aluminum die±cast casting
for 75
V±type six cylinders. It has a rear plate integrated
structure and employs a deep skirt. The cylinder liner is
cast and the liner inner diameter and crankshaft journal
diameter are classified into grades. The crankshaft is
supported by four bearings of which width is different
between No.2, No.3 and No.1, No.4; the width of No.3
bearing on the body side is different in order to support the
thrust bearing. The bearing cap is made of nodular cast
iron and each bearing cap uses four bolts and two side
bolts.
Cylinder Head
The cylinder head, made of aluminum alloy casting
employs a pent±roof type combustion chamber with a
spark plug in the center. The intake and exhaust valves
are placed in V±type design. The ports are cross±flow
type.
Valve Train
Intake and exhaust camshaft on both banks are driven
with a camshaft drive gear by the timing belt. The valves
are operated by the camshaft and the valve clearance is
adjusted to select suitable thickness shim.
Intake Manifold
The intake manifold system is composed of the aluminum
cast common chamber and intake manifold attached with
six fuel injectors.
Exhaust Manifold
The exhaust manifold is made of nodular cast iron.
Pistons and Connecting Rods
Aluminum pistons are used after selecting the grade that
meets the cylinder bore diameter. Each piston has two
compression rings and one oil ring. The piston pin made
of chromium steel is offset 1mm toward the thrust side,
and the thrust pressure of piston to the cylinder wall varies
gradually as the piston travels. The connecting rods are
made of forged steel. The connecting rod bearings are
graded for correct size selection.
Crankshaft and Bearings
The crankshaft is made of Ductile cast±iron. Pins and
journals are graded for correct size selection for their
bearing.

6A±7
ENGINE MECHANICAL (6VE1 3.5L)
Rough Engine Running
ConditionPossible causeCorrection
Engine misfires periodicallyIgnition coil layer shortedReplace
Spark plugs foulingClean or install hotter type plug
Spark plug(s) insulator nose leakingReplace
Fuel injector(s) defectiveReplace
Powertrain control module faultyReplace
Engine knocks periodicallySpark plugs running too hotInstall colder type spark plugs
Powertrain control module faultyReplace
Ion Sensing module faultyRefer or replace
Engine lacks powerSpark plugs fouledClean
Fuel injectors defectiveReplace
Mass Airflow Sensor or Intake
Airflow Sensor circuit defectiveCorrect or replace
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)
Sensor or Manifold Absolute
Pressure Sensor circuit defectiveCorrect or replace
Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor
or Engine Coolant Temperature
Sensor circuit defectiveCorrect or replace
Powertrain Control Module faultyReplace
Intake Air Temperature Sensor or
Intake Air Temperature Sensor
circuit defectiveCorrect or replace
Throttle Position Sensor or Throttle
Position Sensor circuit defectiveCorrect or replace
ION Sensing Module or ION Sensing
Module circuits defectiveCorrect or replace

6A±20
ENGINE MECHANICAL (6VE1 3.5L)
Installation
1. Install cylinder head cover.

Clean the sealing surface of cylinder head and
cylinder head cover to remove oil and sealing
materials completely.

Apply sealant (TB-1207B or equivalent) of bead
diameter 2-3 mm at eight place of arched area of
camshaft bearing cap on front and rear sides.

The cylinder head cover must be installed with in 5
minutes after sealant application to prevent
hardening of sealant.

Tighten bolts to the specified torque.
Torque : 9 N´m (78 lb in)
010RW008
2. Install fuel injection harness bracket and tighten bolt
to the specified torque.
Torque : 9 N´m (78 lb in)
3. Connect ignition coil connector and ignition coil, then
tighten bolt to the specified torque.
Torque : 4 N´m (35 lb in)
060RY022
Legend
(1) Ignition Coil Connector
(2) Bolt
(3) Ignition Coil Assembly
CAUTION: Ignition coil assembly #6 is different
from ignition coil assembly from #1 to #5. Ignition
coil assembly #6 is short type. So, note it when
installing ignition coil assembly of #6.
060RY00002
Legend
(1) Long Type Ignition Coil Assemblies (# 1 ~ # 5)
(2) Short Type Ignition Coil Assembly (# 6)
4. Connect ground cable and tighten bolts to the
specified torque.
Torque : 9 N´m (78 lb in)
5. Install positive crankcase ventilation hose.
6. Install engine cover mating with the dowels.

6A±58
ENGINE MECHANICAL (6VE1 3.5L)
3. Install valve to valve guide. Before installing valve
guide apply engine oil to the outside of the valve stem.
4. Install valve spring to cylinder head. Attach the valve
spring to the lower spring seat. The painted area of
the valve spring should be facing downward.
014RS020
5. Install lower valve spring seat, valve spring and upper
valve spring seat then put split collars on the upper
spring seat, using the J±8062 valve spring
compressor and J±42898 valve spring compressor
adapter to install the split collars.
014RW042
6. Install tappet with shim.
7. Install camshaft assembly.

Refer to installation procedure for Camshaft in this
manual.
Valve Clearance Adjustments
NOTE: To adjust valve clearance, apply engine oil to the
cam as well as to the adjusting shim (2) with the cylinder
head built on the cylinder block, give a few turns to the
camshaft by means of timing pulley tightening bolt, and
measure valve clearance when the nose of cam is just
opposite of maximum cam lift (1) as shown in illustration
below.
014RW081
Legend
(1) Cam
(2) Shim
(3) Tappet
Valve Clearance Standard Value (cold)
Intake: 0.23 mm±0.33 mm
(0.0091 in±0.0130 in)
Exhaust: 0.25 mm±0.35 mm
(0.0098 in±0.0138 in)
Selection of Adjusting Shim
Shim to be selected = (Thickness of removed shim) +
(Valve clearance measurement ± Standard value)
Based on the above formula, the best suited shim should
be selected from 41 types of shim (differently thick at
0.02mm (0.0008 in) intervals from 2.40mm (0.0945 in)
through 3.2mm (0.1260 in) thick). Install the shim and
check valve clearance.