charging JEEP CHEROKEE 1995 Service Service Manual

CHARGING SYSTEM
CHARGING SYSTEM
The charging system is an integral part of the bat-
tery and starting systems. Because all these systems
work in conjunction, diagnose and test them together.
Circuit A11 connects to the generator output termi-
nal and splices to fuse 1 and fuse 9 in the Power Dis-
tribution Center (PDC). Circuit A0 connects the
battery to the PDC. Circuit Z0 provides ground for
the generator.
When the ignition switch is in either the START or
RUN positions, it connects circuit A1 from fuse 6 in
the PDC to circuit A21. Circuit A21 splices to supply
current to the coil side of the Automatic Shut Down
(ASD) relay. The Powertrain Control Module (PCM)
provides ground for the relay on circuit K51. Circuit
K51 connects to cavity 51 of the PCM.
When the PCM grounds the ASD relay, contacts in-
side the relay close and connect circuit A18 from fuse
14 in the PDC to circuit A142. Circuit A142 splices to
the generator field terminal.
The PCM has an internal voltage regulator that
controls generator output. The PCM controls the gen-
erator field on circuit K20. Circuit K20 connects to
PCM cavity 20.When the engine operates and there is current in
the generator field, the generator produces a B+ volt-
age. The generator supplies B+ voltage to the battery
through the A11 and A0 circuits.
HELPFUL INFORMATION
²Circuit A14 from fuse 2 in the PDC supplies volt-
age to PDC fuse 14.
²The ignition switch also connects circuit A1 with
circuits A41, A38, and A48.
²Circuit A21 also powers the coil side of the fuel
pump relay.
²The ASD relay supplies battery voltage for the fuel
injectors, ignition coil, and the heated oxygen sensor.
The fuel pump relay powers the fuel pump module.
²Circuit K51 also provides ground for the coil side
of the fuel pump relay.
DIAGRAM INDEX
Component Page
Battery...............................8W-20-2
PDC Fuse 1............................8W-20-2
PDC Fuse 9............................8W-20-2
Generator..............................8W-20-2
Powertrain Control Module..................8W-20-2
J8W-20 CHARGING SYSTEMÐXJ-RHD 8W - 20 - 1

MULTI-PORT FUEL INJECTION (MFI)ÐCOMPONENT DESCRIPTION/SYSTEM
OPERATION
INDEX
page page
Air Cleaner.............................. 29
Air Conditioning (A/C) Clutch RelayÐPCM Output . 26
Air Conditioning (A/C) ControlsÐPCM Input...... 21
Auto Shutdown (ASD) RelayÐPCM Output...... 26
Automatic Shutdown (ASD) SenseÐPCM Input . . . 21
Battery VoltageÐPCM Input................. 21
Brake SwitchÐPCM Input................... 22
Camshaft Position SensorÐPCM Input......... 22
Crankshaft Position SensorÐPCM Input........ 22
Data Link ConnectorÐPCM Input............. 22
Data Link ConnectorÐPCM Output............ 27
EMR LampÐPCM Output................... 27
Engine Coolant Temperature SensorÐPCM Input . 23
Extended Idle SwitchÐPCM Input............. 23
Fuel InjectorsÐPCM Output................. 27
Fuel Pressure Regulator.................... 33
Fuel Pump RelayÐPCM Output.............. 27
Fuel Rail................................ 33
General Information....................... 19
Generator FieldÐPCM Output................ 27
Generator LampÐPCM Output............... 27
Idle Air Control (IAC) MotorÐPCM Output....... 27
Ignition Circuit SenseÐPCM Input............. 23
Ignition CoilÐPCM Output................... 28Intake Manifold Air Temperature SensorÐ
PCM Input............................. 22
Malfunction Indicator LampÐPCM Output....... 28
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) SensorÐPCM
Input................................. 23
Open Loop/Closed Loop Modes of Operation..... 30
Oxygen (O2S) SensorÐPCM Input............ 24
Park/Neutral SwitchÐPCM Input.............. 24
Power Ground........................... 24
Power Steering Pressure SwitchÐPCM Input.... 24
Powertrain Control Module (PCM)............. 20
Radiator Fan RelayÐPCM Output............. 28
SCI ReceiveÐPCM Input................... 24
SCI TransmitÐPCM Output.................. 29
Sensor ReturnÐPCM Input.................. 25
Shift IndicatorÐPCM Output................. 29
Speed ControlÐPCM Input.................. 25
Speed ControlÐPCM Output................. 29
TachometerÐPCM Output................... 29
Throttle Body............................ 33
Throttle Position Sensor (TPS)ÐPCM Input...... 25
Torque Converter Clutch RelayÐPCM Output.... 29
Vehicle Speed SensorÐPCM Input............ 25
GENERAL INFORMATION
All 2.5L 4-cylinder and 4.0L 6-cylinder engines are
equipped with sequential Multi-Port Fuel Injection
(MFI). The MFI system provides precise air/fuel ra-
tios for all driving conditions.
The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) operates
the fuel system. The PCM was formerly referred to
as the SBEC or engine controller. The PCM is a pre-
programmed, dual microprocessor digital computer. It
regulates ignition timing, air-fuel ratio, emission con-
trol devices, charging system, speed control, air con-
ditioning compressor clutch engagement and idle
speed. The PCM can adapt its programming to meet
changing operating conditions.
Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Inputsrep-
resent the instantaneous engine operating conditions.
Air-fuel mixture and ignition timing calibrations for
various driving and atmospheric conditions are pre-
programmed into the PCM. The PCM monitors and
analyzes various inputs. It then computes engine fuel
and ignition timing requirements based on these in-
puts. Fuel delivery control and ignition timing will
then be adjusted accordingly.
Other inputs to the PCM are provided by the brake
light switch, air conditioning select switch and the
speed control switches. All inputs to the PCM are
converted into signals.
Electrically operated fuel injectors spray fuel inprecise metered amounts into the intake port directly
above the intake valve. The injectors are fired in a
specific sequence by the PCM. The PCM maintains
an air/fuel ratio of 14.7 to 1 by constantly adjusting
injector pulse width. Injector pulse width is the
length of time that the injector opens and sprays fuel
into the chamber. The PCM adjusts injector pulse
width by opening and closing the ground path to the
injector.
Manifold absolute pressure (air density) and engine
rpm (speed) are the primary inputs that determine
fuel injector pulse width. The PCM also monitors
other inputs when adjusting air-fuel ratio.
Inputs That Effect Fuel Injector Pulse Width:
²Exhaust gas oxygen content
²Engine coolant temperature
²Manifold absolute pressure (MAP)
²Engine speed
²Throttle position
²Battery voltage
²Air conditioning selection
²Transmission gear selection (automatic transmis-
sions only)
²Speed control
The powertrain control module (PCM) adjusts igni-
tion timing by controlling ignition coil operation. The
ignition coil receives battery voltage when the igni-
tion key is in the run or starter position. The PCM
JFUEL SYSTEM COMPONENT DESCRIPTION/SYSTEM OPERATION 14 - 19

provides a ground for the ignition coil. The coil dis-
charges when the PCM supplies a ground. By switch-
ing the ground path on and off, the PCM regulates
ignition timing.
The sensors and switches that provide inputs to
the powertrain control module (PCM) comprise the
Engine Control System. It is also comprised of the
PCM Outputs (engine control devices that the are op-
erated by the PCM).
SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS
The powertrain control module (PCM) tests many
of its own input and output circuits. If a Diagnostic
Trouble Code (DTC) is found in a major system, this
information is stored in the PCM memory. Refer to
On-Board Diagnostics in the MFI SystemÐGeneral
Diagnosis section of this group for DTC information.
POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE (PCM)
The PCM operates the fuel system. The PCM was
formerly referred to as the SBEC or engine control-
ler. The PCM is a pre-programmed, dual microproces-
sor digital computer. It regulates ignition timing, air-
fuel ratio, emission control devices, charging system,
speed control, air conditioning compressor clutch en-
gagement and idle speed. The PCM can adapt its
programming to meet changing operating conditions.
On XJ models, the PCM is located in the engine
compartment next to the air cleaner (Fig. 1). On YJ
models, the PCM is located in the engine compart-
ment behind the windshield washer fluid reservoir
(Fig. 2).
The PCM receives input signals from various
switches and sensors. Based on these inputs, the
PCM regulates various engine and vehicle operations
through different system components. These compo-
nents are referred to as PCM Outputs. The sensors
and switches that provide inputs to the PCM are con-
sidered PCM Inputs.The PCM adjusts ignition timing based upon in-
puts it receives from sensors that react to: engine
rpm, manifold absolute pressure, coolant tempera-
ture, throttle position, transmission gear selection
(automatic transmission), vehicle speed and the
brake switch.
The PCM adjusts idle speed based on inputs it re-
ceives from sensors that react to: throttle position,
vehicle speed, transmission gear selection, coolant
temperature and from inputs it receives from the air
conditioning clutch switch and brake switch.
Based on inputs that it receives, the PCM adjusts
ignition coil dwell. The PCM also adjusts the gener-
ator charge rate through control of the generator
field and provides speed control operation.
Powertrain Control Module (PCM) Inputs:
²Generator output
²A/C request (if equipped with factory A/C)
²A/C select (if equipped with factory A/C)
²Auto shutdown (ASD) sense
²Intake manifold air temperature sensor
²Battery voltage
²Brake switch
²Engine coolant temperature sensor
²Crankshaft position sensor
²Ignition circuit sense (ignition switch in run posi-
tion)
²Manifold absolute pressure sensor
²Overdrive/override switch
²Oxygen sensor
²Park/neutral switch (auto. trans. only)
²SCI receive (DRB scan tool connection)
²Speed control resume switch
²Speed control set switch
²Speed control on/off switch
²Camshaft position sensor signal
²Throttle position sensor
²Vehicle speed sensor
²Sensor return
²Power ground
Fig. 1 PCM LocationÐXJ Models
Fig. 2 PCM LocationÐYJ Models
14 - 20 FUEL SYSTEM COMPONENT DESCRIPTION/SYSTEM OPERATIONJ

DATA LINK CONNECTORÐPCM OUTPUT
Refer to the previous paragraphs on Data Link
ConnectorÐPCM Input for information.
EMR LAMPÐPCM OUTPUT
The EMR (SRI) lamp is not used for the 1995
model year.
FUEL PUMP RELAYÐPCM OUTPUT
The PCM energizes the fuel pump and the oxygen
sensor (O2S) heating element through the fuel pump
relay. Battery voltage is applied to the relay from the
ignition switch. The relay is energized when a
ground is provided by the PCM. Refer to Automatic
Shutdown Relay for additional information.
FUEL INJECTORSÐPCM OUTPUT
Six individual fuel injectors are used with the 4.0L
6-cylinder engine. Four individual fuel injectors are
used with the 2.5L 4-cylinder engine. The injectors
are attached to the fuel rail (Fig. 19).
The nozzle ends of the injectors are positioned into
openings in the intake manifold just above the intake
valve ports of the cylinder head. The engine wiring
harness connector for each fuel injector is equipped
with an attached numerical tag (INJ 1, INJ 2 etc.).
This is used to identify each fuel injector.
The injectors are energized individually in a se-
quential order by the powertrain control module
(PCM). The PCM will adjust injector pulse width by
switching the ground path to each individual injector
on and off. Injector pulse width is the period of time
that the injector is energized. The PCM will adjust
injector pulse width based on various inputs it re-
ceives.
During start up, battery voltage is supplied to the
injectors through the ASD relay. When the engine is
operating, voltage is supplied by the charging sys-
tem. The PCM determines injector pulse width based
on various inputs.
GENERATOR FIELDÐPCM OUTPUT
The powertrain control module (PCM) regulates the
charging system voltage within a range of 12.9 to
15.0 volts. Refer to Group 8A for charging system in-
formation.
GENERATOR LAMPÐPCM OUTPUT
IF EQUIPPED
If the powertrain control module (PCM) senses a
low charging condition in the charging system, it will
illuminate the generator lamp on the instrument
panel. For example, during low idle with all accesso-
ries turned on, the lamp may momentarily go on.
Once the PCM corrects idle speed to a higher rpm,
the lamp will go out. Refer to Group 8A, Battery/
Starting/Charging Systems for charging system infor-
mation.
IDLE AIR CONTROL (IAC) MOTORÐPCM OUTPUT
The IAC motor is mounted on the throttle body
(Figs. 20 or 21) and is controlled by the powertrain
control module (PCM).
Fig. 19 Fuel InjectorsÐTypical
Fig. 20 IAC MotorÐ4.0L Engine
Fig. 21 IAC MotorÐ2.5L Engine
JFUEL SYSTEM COMPONENT DESCRIPTION/SYSTEM OPERATION 14 - 27

(8) Disconnect jumper wires from relay and 12 Volt
power source.
If continuity or resistance tests did not pass, re-
place relay. If tests passed, refer to Group 8W, Wiring
Diagrams for additional circuit information. Also re-
fer to the appropriate Powertrain Diagnostic Proce-
dures manual for operation of the DRB scan tool.
STARTER MOTOR RELAY TEST
Refer to Group 8A, Battery/Starting/Charging/Sys-
tem Diagnostics, for starter motor relay testing.
FUEL INJECTOR TEST
To perform a complete test of the fuel injectors and
their circuitry, refer to DRB scan tool and appropri-
ate Powertrain Diagnostics Procedures manual. To
test the injector only, refer to the following:
Disconnect the injector wire connector from the in-
jector. Place an ohmmeter on the injector terminals.
Resistance reading should be approximately 14.5
ohms61.2 ohms at 20ÉC (68ÉF). Proceed to the fol-
lowing Injector Diagnosis chart.When performing
the following tests from the chart, do not leave
electrical current applied to the injector for
longer than five seconds. Damage to injector
coil or internal injector seals could result.
FUEL SYSTEM PRESSURE TEST
Refer to the Fuel Delivery System section of this
group. See Fuel System Pressure Test.
ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD)
The powertrain control module (PCM) has been
programmed to monitor many different circuits of the
fuel injection system. If a problem is sensed in a
monitored circuit often enough to indicate an actual
problem, a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) is stored.
The DTC will be stored in the PCM memory for even-
tual display to the service technician. If the problem
is repaired or ceases to exist, the PCM cancels the
DTC after 51 engine starts.Certain criteria must be met for a diagnostic trou-
ble code (DTC) to be entered into PCM memory. The
criteria may be a specific range of engine rpm, engine
temperature and/or input voltage to the PCM.
It is possible that a DTC for a monitored circuit
may not be entered into memory even though a mal-
function has occurred. This may happen because one
of the DTC criteria for the circuit has not been met.
Example: assume that one of the criteria for the
MAP sensor circuit is that the engine must be oper-
ating between 750 and 2000 rpm to be monitored for
a DTC. If the MAP sensor output circuit shorts to
ground when the engine rpm is above 2400 rpm, a 0
volt input will be seen by the PCM. A DTC will not
be entered into memory because the condition does
not occur within the specified rpm range.
A DTC indicates that the powertrain control mod-
ule (PCM) has recognized an abnormal signal in a
circuit or the system. A DTC may indicate the result
of a failure, but never identify the failed component
directly.
There are several operating conditions that the
PCM does not monitor and set a DTC for. Refer to
the following Monitored Circuits and Non-Monitored
Circuits in this section.
MONITORED CIRCUITS
The powertrain control module (PCM) can detect
certain problems in the fuel injection system.
Open or Shorted Circuit- The PCM can deter-
mine if sensor output (which is the input to PCM) is
within proper range. It also determines if the circuit
is open or shorted.
Output Device Current Flow- The PCM senses
whether the output devices are hooked up.
If there is a problem with the circuit, the PCM
senses whether the circuit is open, shorted to ground
(-), or shorted to (+) voltage.
Oxygen Sensor- The PCM can determine if the
oxygen sensor is switching between rich and lean.
This is, once the system has entered Closed Loop. Re-
fer to Open Loop/Closed Loop Modes Of Operation in
the Component Description/System Operation section
for an explanation of Closed (or Open) Loop opera-
tion.
NON-MONITORED CIRCUITS
The PCM does not monitor the following circuits,
systems or conditions that could have malfunctions
that result in driveability problems. A Diagnostic
Trouble Code (DTC) may not be displayed for these
conditions.
Fuel Pressure:Fuel pressure is controlled by the
vacuum assisted fuel pressure regulator. The PCM
cannot detect a clogged fuel pump inlet filter, clogged
in-line fuel filter, or a pinched fuel supply or return
Fig. 44 Fuel Injector Internal ComponentsÐTypical
JFUEL SYSTEM GENERAL DIAGNOSIS 14 - 51

DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE DESCRIPTIONSÐCONTINUED
Diagnostic
Trouble CodeDRB Scan Tool Description of Diagnostic Trouble Code
44* Battery Temp Sensor Volts out of Limit An open or shorted condition exists in the en-
gine coolant temperature sensor circuit or a
problem exists in the PCM's battery tempera-
ture voltage circuit.
46** Charging System Voltage Too High Battery voltage sense input above target
charging voltage during engine operation.
47** Charging System Voltage Too Low Battery voltage sense input below target
charging during engine operation. Also, no sig-
nificant change detected in battery voltage
during active test of generator output.
51** O2S Signal Stays Below Center (Lean) Oxygen sensor signal input indicates lean air/
fuel ratio condition during engine operation.
52** O2S Signal Stays Above Center (Rich) Oxygen sensor signal input indicates rich air/
fuel ratio condition during engine operation.
53* Internal PCM Failure PCM Internal fault condition detected.
or
PCM Failure SRI Communications PCM Internal fault condition detected.
54* No Cam Sync Signal at PCM No fuel sync (camshaft signal) detected during
engine cranking.
55* Display not shown on DRB scan tool Completion of diagnostic trouble code display
on the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (Check En-
gine Lamp).
62* PCM Failure SRI miles not stored Unsuccessful attempt to update SRI (service
reminder indicator) miles in the PCM EE-
PROM.
63* PCM Failure EEPROM Write Denied Unsuccessful attempt to write to an EEPROM
location by the PCM.
* Check Engine Lamp will not illuminate at all times if this Diagnostic Trouble Code was recorded. Cycle
Ignition key as described in manual and observe code flashed by Check Engine lamp.
** Check Engine Lamp will illuminate during engine operation if this Diagnostic Trouble Code was recorded.
JFUEL SYSTEM GENERAL DIAGNOSIS 14 - 57

EVAPORATOR COIL:The coil is located in the
A/C housing. Its function is to remove heat and de-
humidify the air before it enters the vehicle.
FIN SENSING CYCLING CLUTCH SWITCH:
The switch is attached to the evaporator coil with the
temperature sensing probe inserted into the coil fins.
This switch controls evaporator temperature and pre-
vents condensate water on the evaporator coil from
freezing. It does this by sending signals to the Pow-
ertrain Control Module (PCM) to cycling the com-
pressor clutch on and off. This switch is used onXJ
only.
FILTER-DRIER:The drier is used to remove any
traces of moisture from the refrigerant system. A
sight glass is located on top of the filter drier. It is
used as a diagnostic tool to observe refrigerant flow.
HIGH PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE:The valve is
located on the filter drier. The valve is used to pre-
vent excessive high pressure build of 3445 to 4135
kPa (500 to 600 psi) and above. This prevents dam-
age to the compressor and other system components.
LOW-PRESSURE HIGH-PRESSURE CUT-OFF
SWITCH:The switch is located on the filter drier
and is wired in series with compressor clutch. When
the pressure drops down to 193 kPa (28 psi) the
switch interrupts the power to the compressor clutch.
When the pressure increases above 3100 to 3375 kPa
(450 to 490 psi) the switch interrupts the power to
the compressor clutch.
THERMOSTAT:The thermostat is located in the
evaporator housing. The thermostat temperature
sensing probe is inserted into the evaporator coil. Its
function is to cycles the compressor clutch on and off.
This switch controls temperature and prevents con-
densate water on the evaporator coil from freezing.
The thermostat is used on theYJonly.
REFRIGERANT LINES:The lines are used to
carry the refrigerant between the various system
components.
SERVICE PORTS:The high pressure service port
is located on the discharge line near the compressor.
The low pressure service port is located on the suc-
tion line near the compressor. These ports are used
to attach A/C gauges. After servicing the refrigerant
system, always install service port caps.
REFRIGERANT
XJ and YJ vehicles use a new type of refrigerant
called R-134a. It is a non-toxic, non-flammable, clear
color-less liquified gas.
R-134a refrigerant is not compatible with R-12 re-
frigerant. A small amount of R-12 in a R-134a system
will cause compressor failure, oil sludge or poor air
conditioning performance.R-134a refrigerant requires a special type of com-
pressor oil (SP20 PAG). When adding oil, make sure
that it is designed to be used in a R-134a system and
the SD7H15 compressor.
Service ports have been designed to ensure that
the system is not accidentally filled with R-12 refrig-
erant.
REFRIGERANT EQUIPMENT
WARNING: EYE PROTECTION MUST BE USED
WHEN SERVICING AN AIR CONDITIONING REFRIG-
ERANT SYSTEM. TURN OFF (ROTATE CLOCKWISE)
ALL VALVES ON THE EQUIPMENT BEING USED
BEFORE PROCEEDING WITH THIS OPERATION.
PERSONNEL INJURY CAN RESULT.
Chrysler Corporation recommends a (R-134a) recy-
cling device that meets SAE standard J2210 be used
when servicing the refrigerant system. Contact an
automotive service equipment supplier for refrigerant
recycling equipment that is available in your area.
Refer to the operating instructions provided with the
recycling equipment for proper operation.
MANIFOLD GAUGE SET
CAUTION: DO NOT use an R-12 manifold gauge set
on an R-134a system. The refrigerants are not com-
patible and system damage will result.
A manifold gauge set (Fig. 1) may be needed in
conjunction with the charging and or recovery/recy-
cling device. The service hoses on the gauge set being
used should have manual (turn wheel) or automatic
back flow valves at the service port connector ends.
This will prevent refrigerant from being release into
the atmosphere.
LOW PRESSURE GAUGE HOSE
The low pressure hose (BLUE with BLACK STRIP)
should be attached to the charging/service port. This
port is located at the right front of the engine com-
partment in the condenser-to-evaporator line.
HIGH PRESSURE GAUGE HOSE
The high pressure hose (RED with BLACK STRIP)
should be attached to the discharge/service port. This
port is located on the compressor plumbing or mani-
fold.
RECOVERY/RECYCLING/EVACUATION/
CHARGING HOSE
The center manifold hose (YELLOW or WHITE
with BLACK STRIP) is used to recover, evacuate and
charge the refrigerant system. When the low or high
pressure valves on the manifold gauge set are
opened, the refrigerant in the system will escape
through this hose.
JHEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING 24 - 7

WARNINGS, CAUTIONS AND SERVICE PRECAUTIONS
WARNINGS
WARNING: THE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM CON-
TAINS REFRIGERANT UNDER HIGH PRESSURE.
SEVERE PERSONAL INJURY MAY RESULT FROM
IMPROPER SERVICE PROCEDURES. REPAIRS
SHOULD ONLY BE PERFORMED BY QUALIFIED
SERVICE PERSONNEL.
WARNING: AVOID BREATHING A/C REFRIGERANT
AND LUBRICANT VAPOR OR MIST. EXPOSURE MAY
IRRITATE EYES, NOSE AND/OR THROAT. WEAR
EYE PROTECTION WHEN SERVICING THE AIR
CONDITIONING REFRIGERANT SYSTEM. SERIOUS
EYE INJURY CAN RESULT FROM EYE CONTACT
WITH REFRIGERANT. IF EYE CONTACT IS MADE,
SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY.
WARNING: DO NOT EXPOSE REFRIGERANT TO
OPEN FLAME. POISONOUS GAS IS CREATED
WHEN REFRIGERANT IS BURNED. AN ELEC-
TRONIC TYPE LEAK DETECTOR IS RECOM-
MENDED.
WARNING: IF ACCIDENTAL SYSTEM DISCHARGE
OCCURS, VENTILATE THE WORK AREA BEFORE
RESUMING SERVICE. LARGE AMOUNTS OF RE-
FRIGERANT RELEASED IN A CLOSED WORK AREA
WILL DISPLACE THE OXYGEN AND CAUSE SUFFO-
CATION.
WARNING: THE EVAPORATION RATE OF (R-134A)
REFRIGERANT AT AVERAGE TEMPERATURE AND
ALTITUDE IS EXTREMELY HIGH. AS A RESULT,
ANYTHING THAT COMES IN CONTACT WITH THE
REFRIGERANT WILL FREEZE. ALWAYS PROTECT
SKIN OR DELICATE OBJECTS FROM DIRECT CON-
TACT WITH REFRIGERANT.
WARNING: R-134A SERVICE EQUIPMENT OR VEHI-
CLE A/C SYSTEM SHOULD NOT BE PRESSURE
TESTED OR LEAK TESTED WITH COMPRESSED
AIR. SOME MIXTURES OF AIR AND R-134A HAVE
BEEN SHOWN TO BE COMBUSTIBLE AT ELEVATED
PRESSURES. THESE MIXTURES ARE POTENTIALLY
DANGEROUS AND MAY RESULT IN FIRE OR EX-
PLOSION CAUSING INJURY OR PROPERTY DAM-
AGE.
CAUTIONS
CAUTION: Liquid refrigerant is corrosive to metal
surfaces. Follow the operating instructions supplied
with equipment being used.
CAUTION: DO NOT use R-12 equipment or parts on
the R-134a system. Damage to the system will re-
sult.
CAUTION: Never add R-12 to a system designed to
use R-134a. Damage to the system will result.
CAUTION: R-12 compressor oil can not be mixed
with the R-134a compressor oil. They ARE NOT
compatible.
CAUTION: Do not over charge refrigerant system.
This will cause excessive compressor head pres-
sure and can cause noise and system failure.
SERVICE PRECAUTIONS
Recover the refrigerant before opening any fitting
or connection. Open fittings with caution even after
the system has been discharged. Never open or
loosen a connection before recovering the refrigerant.
The A/C system must always be evacuated before
charging.
DO NOT open the refrigerant system or uncap a
replacement component until you are ready to service
the system. This will prevent contamination in the
system.
Before disconnecting a component clean the outside
of the fittings thoroughly to prevent contamination
entering the system.
Immediately after disconnecting a component from
the system, seal the open fittings with a cap or plug.
Before connecting an open fitting always install a
new seal/gasket. Coat the fitting and seal with clean
refrigerant oil before connecting.
When installing a refrigerant line avoid sharp
bends. Position the lines away from the exhaust or
any sharp edges which may chafe the line.
Tighten fittings only to the specified torque. The
aluminum fittings used in the A/C system will not
tolerate over tightening.
When disconnecting a fitting use a wrench on both
halves of the fitting. This will prevent twisting of the
refrigerant lines or tubes.
Refrigerant oil absorbs moisture from the atmo-
sphere if left uncapped. DO NOT open a container of
JHEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING 24 - 9

REFRIGERANT SERVICE AND PERFORMANCE TEST
INDEX
page page
Air Conditioning Performance Tests............ 12
Charging Refrigerant System................. 11
Evacuating Refrigerant System............... 11Leak Testing Refrigerant.................... 11
Recovering Refrigerant System............... 11
Refrigerant Oil........................... 12
LEAK TESTING REFRIGERANT
REVIEW WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS IN
THIS GROUP BEFORE LEAK TESTING.
If A/C system is not cooling properly, determine if
system is fully charged. Refer to Refrigerant System
Diagnosis Chart. If the system is empty evacuate the
A/C system and charge system with 0.283 kPa (0.6
lbs. or 10 oz.) R-134a refrigerant. Refer to Charging
Refrigerant System for instructions. To detect a leak
in the system, perform the following procedures.
(1) Position the vehicle in a wind free work area.
This will aid in detecting small leaks.
(2) Bring A/C system up to operating temperature
and pressure. This is done by allowing the engine to
run with the A/C on for 5 to 7 minutes.
(3) Open hood 5 minutes prior to leak test. This
will dissipate any accumulated refrigerant in the en-
gine compartment.
(4) With the engine not running, use an R-134a
Electronic Leak Detector and search for leaks. Move
probe slowly along the bottom side of lines and fit-
tings, because R-134a is heavier than air. Fittings,
lines, or components that appear to be oily usually
indicates a refrigerant leak.
(5) To inspect the evaporator core for leaks. Set the
blower at low speed and the selector in PANEL and
RECIRC mode check for leaks at CENTER panel out-
lets.
RECOVERING REFRIGERANT SYSTEM
REVIEW WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS IN
GENERAL INFORMATION SECTION OF THIS
GROUP BEFORE DISCHARGING SYSTEM.
R-134a refrigerant is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)
that does not contain chlorine. R-134a refrigerant Re-
covery/Recycling Station that meets SAE standard
J2210 must be used to recover the refrigerant. Refer
to the operating instructions provided with the equip-
ment for proper operation.
EVACUATING REFRIGERANT SYSTEM
REVIEW WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS IN
GENERAL INFORMATION SECTION OF THIS
GROUP BEFORE EVACUATING SYSTEM.
If the A/C system has been open to the atmosphere,
it must be evacuated before the system can be
charged. Moisture and air mixed with refrigerant will
raise the compressor head pressure above acceptable
operating levels. This will reduce the performance of
the air conditioner and damage the compressor. Mois-
ture will boil at near room temperature when ex-
posed to vacuum. To evacuate the refrigerant system
use following procedure:
(1) Connect a suitable charging station and mani-
fold gauge set to the vehicle.
(2) Open the low and high side valves and start
vacuum pump. When suction gauge reads 88 kPa (26
in. Hg) vacuum or greater, close all valves and turn
off vacuum pump. If system fails to reach specified
vacuum, the system has a leak that must be cor-
rected. If system maintains the specified vacuum for
30 minutes, start the vacuum pump. Then open the
suction and discharge valves and evacuate an addi-
tional 10 minutes.
(3) Close all valves. Turn off and disconnect the
vacuum pump.
The system is now ready to be charged with refrig-
erant.
CHARGING REFRIGERANT SYSTEM
REVIEW WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS IN
GENERAL INFORMATION SECTION OF THIS
GROUP BEFORE CHARGING SYSTEM.
After the system has been tested for leaks and
evacuated, a refrigerant charge can be injected into
the system. Refer to refrigerant capacities for proper
amount of refrigerant charge. Charge the system us-
ing a Recovery/Recycling/Charging Station approved
for R-134a refrigerant. Refer to the instructions pro-
vided with the equipment for proper operation.
REFRIGERANT CHARGE CAPACITY
The R-134a system charge capacity is 0.9 kPa (32
oz.) for XJ and YJ vehicles.
JHEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING 24 - 11

ANTENNA........................8F-2,8F-5
ANTENNA, POWER; RADIO (XJ-RHD) . . . 8W-47-1
ANTENNA REMOVE/INSTALL - XJ.........8F-8
ANTENNA REMOVE/INSTALL - YJ........8F-10
ANTILOCK BRAKES (ABS)................5-1
ANTILOCK BRAKING MODE, ABS
OPERATION IN.......................5-36
ANTILOCK ECU AND HCU DIAGNOSIS......5-3
APPLICATION CHARTS, GEARTRAIN
OPERATION........................21-169
APPLICATION, TRANSMISSION..........21-67
APPLICATIONÐXJ VEHICLES, BULB......8L-18
APPLICATIONÐYJ VEHICLES, BULB......8L-32
APPLIQUEÐXJ, QUARTER WINDOW.....23-25
APPLIQUEÐYJ, RADIATOR GRILLE.....23-104
APRONSÐYJ, FENDER SPLASH........23-115
ARM, LOWER SUSPENSION.............2-13
ARM, PITMAN..................19-17,19-20
ARM REMOVE/INSTALL, LIFTGATE
WIPER.............................8K-17
ARM REMOVE/INSTALL, WINDSHIELD
WIPER.............................8K-17
ARM, UPPER SUSPENSION.............2-12
ARMING/DISARMING MECHANISM;
RESTRAINT SYSTEMS.................8M-2
ARMING/DISARMING MECHANISM;
STEERING..........................19-48
ARMS AND PUSH RODS, ROCKER....9-23,9-65
ASH RECEIVER TRAY LAMPÐXJ, I/P.....23-80
ASSEMBLY....................19-63,19-71
ASSEMBLY AND ADJUSTMENT, VALVE
BODY.............................21-153
ASSEMBLY, CALIPER...................5-50
ASSEMBLY, COMPRESSOR CLUTCH......24-20
ASSEMBLY, DIFFERENTIAL; FRONT
SUSPENSION AND AXLE................2-38
ASSEMBLY, DIFFERENTIAL; REAR
SUSPENSION AND AXLES...............3-21
ASSEMBLY, FINAL; FRONT SUSPENSION
AND AXLE...........................2-46
ASSEMBLY, FINAL; REAR SUSPENSION
AND AXLES..........................3-29
ASSEMBLY, FUEL RAIL................14-62
ASSEMBLY, GEAR....................19-43
ASSEMBLY, IMPACT SENSOR/INFLATOR . . . 8M-2
ASSEMBLY, PINION MEASUREMENT.......3-22
ASSEMBLY REMOVE/INSTALL, CLUSTER . . 8E-17,
8E-35
ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENT, ADJUSTER
PLUG..............................19-29
ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENT, COLUMN.....19-52
ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENTÐXJ
VEHICLES, DRIVE AXLE; FRONT
SUSPENSION AND AXLE................2-23
ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENTÐXJ
VEHICLES, DRIVE AXLE; REAR
SUSPENSION AND AXLES...........3-14,3-31
ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENTÐYJ
VEHICLES, DRIVE AXLE; FRONT
SUSPENSION AND AXLE................2-24
ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENTÐYJ
VEHICLES, DRIVE AXLE; REAR
SUSPENSION AND AXLES...............3-14
ASSEMBLY (SHORT BLOCK), SERVICE
ENGINE..............................9-4
ASSEMBLY TIPS, TRANSMISSION......21-155
ASSEMBLY, TRANSFER CASE
....21-294,21-319
ASSEMBLY/INSTALLATION, PINION GEAR
. . 2-42
ASSEMBLYÐXJ VEHICLES, ENGINE
. . . 9-18,9-59
ASSEMBLYÐYJ VEHICLES, ENGINE
. . . 9-20,9-62
ASSIST HANDLEÐXJ
.................23-89
ASSIST HANDLEÐYJ, FULL-METAL
DOOR
............................23-136
AUTO SHUTDOWN (ASD) RELAYÐPCM
OUTPUT
............................14-26
AUTOMATIC BELT TENSIONERÐXJ
MODELS WITH RIGHT HAND DRIVE
.......7-42
AUTOMATIC SHUT DOWN (ASD) RELAY;
FUEL/IGNITION (XJ)
................8W-30-1
AUTOMATIC SHUT DOWN (ASD) RELAY;
FUEL/IGNITION (YJ)
................8W-30-1
AUTOMATIC SHUT DOWN (ASD) RELAY;
FUEL/IGNITION (XJ-RHD)
............8W-30-1
AUTOMATIC SHUTDOWN (ASD) RELAY;
FUEL SYSTEM
.......................14-59
AUTOMATIC SHUTDOWN (ASD) RELAY;
IGNITION SYSTEMS
..............8D-17,8D-1AUTOMATIC SHUTDOWN (ASD) RELAY
TEST...............................8D-6
AUTOMATIC SHUTDOWN (ASD) RELAY
TESTING...........................14-46
AUTOMATIC SHUTDOWN (ASD)
SENSEÐPCM INPUT..................14-21
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION............0-23
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION, 30RH/
32RH..............................21-67
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION, AW-4.....21-165
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION SHIFTER/
IGNITION INTERLOCK MECHANISM......19-55
AUXILIARY ELECTRIC COOLING FANÐXJ
MODELS WITH 4.0L 6-CYLINDER
ENGINE.............................7-35
AW-4 ACCUMULATOR COMPONENT
IDENTIFICATION....................21-342
AW-4 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION......21-165
AW-4 BUSHING AND PISTON
CLEARANCE........................21-339
AW-4 CLUTCH AND BRAKE PACK
REQUIREMENTS....................21-341
AW-4 CLUTCH DISC AND PLATE
THICKNESS........................21-338
AW-4 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS.......21-337
AW-4 IN-VEHICLE SERVICE............21-182
AW-4 OIL PUMP WEAR LIMITS........21-338
AW-4 RETAINER AND PISTON
SPECIFICATIONS....................21-340
AW-4 TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS........21-344
AW-4 TRANSMISSION DIAGNOSIS......21-176
AW-4 TRANSMISSION OVERHAUL......21-201
AW-4 TRANSMISSION REMOVAL AND
INSTALLATION......................21-198
AW-4 VALVE AND SPRING
IDENTIFICATION....................21-343
AW-4 VALVE BODY CHECK BALL
DIMENSIONS.......................21-341
AWAY, PEDAL FALLS....................5-5
AX 15 MANUAL TRANSMISSION........21-33
AX 4/5 MANUAL TRANSMISSION.........21-1
AXLE (2WD), MODEL 30 AXLE AND
TUBE...............................2-22
AXLE, 8 1/4......................3-30,3-51
AXLE ALIGNMENT, REAR...............3-10
AXLE AND TUBE AXLE (2WD), MODEL
30 .................................2-22
AXLE ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENTÐXJ
VEHICLES, DRIVE; FRONT
SUSPENSION AND AXLE................2-23
AXLE ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENTÐXJ
VEHICLES, DRIVE; REAR SUSPENSION
AND AXLES......................3-14,3-31
AXLE ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENTÐYJ
VEHICLES, DRIVE; FRONT
SUSPENSION AND AXLE................2-24
AXLE ASSEMBLY REPLACEMENTÐYJ
VEHICLES, DRIVE; REAR SUSPENSION
AND AXLES..........................3-14
AXLE BUSHING REPLACEMENT......2-12,2-34
AXLE, FRONT DRIVE....................2-3
AXLE, MODEL 30.....................2-49
AXLE, MODEL 30 FRONT...............2-49
AXLE, MODEL 35.................3-13,3-51
AXLE NOISE/VIBRATION DIAGNOSIS;
FRONT SUSPENSION AND AXLE..........2-18
AXLE NOISE/VIBRATION DIAGNOSIS;
REAR SUSPENSION AND AXLES
..........3-9
AXLE SHAFT
.........................3-16
AXLE SHAFT, HUB BEARING
.............2-25
AXLE SHAFT OIL SEAL REPLACEMENT,
INNER
..............................2-35
AXLE SHAFT SEAL AND BEARING
........3-17
AXLE SHAFT, SEAL AND BEARING
SERVICE
............................3-32
AXLE SPECIFICATIONS; FRONT
SUSPENSION AND AXLE
................2-49
AXLE SPECIFICATIONS; REAR
SUSPENSION AND AXLES
...............3-51
AXLEÐYJ VEHICLES, VACUUM
DISCONNECT
.........................2-27
AXLES
...............................3-1
AXLES, FRONT AND REAR
..............0-24
AXLE/SHIFT MOTOR DIAGNOSIS
(CONT'D), DISCONNECT
................2-30
AXLE/SHIFT MOTOR DIAGNOSIS,
DISCONNECT
.........................2-29BACKLASH AND CONTACT PATTERN
ANALYSIS; FRONT SUSPENSION AND
AXLE...............................2-45
BACKLASH AND CONTACT PATTERN
ANALYSIS; REAR SUSPENSION AND
AXLES..............................3-27
BACK-UP LAMPS; REAR LIGHTING (XJ) . 8W-51-1
BACK-UP LAMPS; REAR LIGHTING
(XJ-RHD).........................8W-51-1
BACK-UP LAMPS; REAR LIGHTING (YJ) . 8W-51-1
BACK-UP/REAR TURN SIGNAL/TAIL
LAMP BULB REPLACEMENTÐXJ........8L-12
BACK-UP/REAR TURN SIGNAL/TAIL
LAMP BULB REPLACEMENTÐYJ........8L-28
BALANCE, TIRE AND WHEEL............22-6
BALL DIMENSIONS, AW-4 VALVE BODY
CHECK............................21-341
BALL STUD REPLACEMENTÐXJ,
LIFTGATE SUPPORT ROD..............23-63
BALL STUDS, STEERING KNUCKLE.......2-32
BAR, STABILIZER; FRONT SUSPENSION
AND AXLE.......................2-11,2-15
BAR, STABILIZER; REAR SUSPENSION
AND AXLES...........................3-5
BAR, TRACK; FRONT SUSPENSION AND
AXLE...........................2-11,2-15
BAR, TRACK; REAR SUSPENSION AND
AXLES...............................3-8
BARÐXJ, SOUND....................23-94
BARÐYJ, SPORT...................23-132
BARRIERÐXJ, CARGO...............23-101
BASE COAT/CLEAR COAT FINISH.........23-158
BATTERY; BATTERY/STARTER/
GENERATOR SERVICE..................8B-1
BATTERY; BATTERY/STARTING/
CHARGING SYSTEMS DIAGNOSTICS......8A-2
BATTERY; LUBRICATION AND
MAINTENANCE.......................0-20
BATTERY CHARGING...................8A-7
BATTERY CHARGING TIME TABLE........8A-8
BATTERY CLASSIFICATIONS AND
RATINGS...........................8A-23
BATTERY DIAGNOSIS..................8A-4
BATTERY FEED; FUEL/IGNITION (XJ) . . . 8W-30-1
BATTERY FEED; FUEL/IGNITION (YJ) . . . 8W-30-2
BATTERY FEED; FUEL/IGNITION
(XJ-RHD).........................8W-30-1
BATTERY RATINGS....................8A-3
BATTERY REMOVE/INSTALL.............8B-1
BATTERY SPECIFICATIONS; BATTERY/
STARTER/GENERATOR SERVICE..........8B-8
BATTERY SPECIFICATIONS; BATTERY/
STARTING/CHARGING SYSTEMS
DIAGNOSTICS.......................8A-23
BATTERY TRAYÐXJ..................23-14
BATTERY TRAYÐYJ.................23-110
BATTERY VOLTAGEÐPCM INPUT........14-21
B/C-PILLAR AND LIFTGATE PILLAR TRIM
COVERSÐXJ........................23-88
BEARING AND AXLE SHAFT, HUB.........2-25
BEARING, AXLE SHAFT SEAL............3-17
BEARING LUBRICANTS, CHASSIS
COMPONENT AND WHEEL..............0-28
BEARING NOISE, GEAR; FRONT
SUSPENSION AND AXLE................2-18
BEARING NOISE, GEAR; REAR
SUSPENSION AND AXLES................3-9
BEARING REPLACEMENT, PILOT..........6-12
BEARING REPLACEMENT, PITMAN
SHAFT SEALS.......................19-34
BEARING REPLACEMENT, RELEASE.......6-11
BEARING SERVICE, AXLE SHAFT, SEAL....3-32
BEARINGS, CRANKSHAFT MAIN......9-45,9-87
BEARINGS, FRONT WHEEL..............0-28
BELT, ACCESSORY DRIVE...............0-21
BELT DIAGNOSIS......................7-38
BELT INDICATOR WARNING LAMP, SEAT;
INSTRUMENT CLUSTER (XJ).........8W-40-2
BELT INDICATOR WARNING LAMP, SEAT;
INSTRUMENT CLUSTER (XJ-RHD).....8W-40-2
BELT SCHEMATICS....................7-38
BELT SERVICEÐEXCEPT RIGHT HAND
DRIVE
..............................7-40
BELT SERVICEÐXJ MODELS WITH
RIGHT HAND DRIVE
...................7-42
BELT SWITCH, DRIVER'S SEAT
......8U-1,8U-3
BELT TENSION, DRIVE
.................7-45
BELT TENSION SPECIFICATIONS
..........7-38
2 INDEXJ
Description Group-Page Description Group-Page Description Group-Page