warning light KIA OPTIMA PHEV 2019 Owners Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: KIA, Model Year: 2019, Model line: OPTIMA PHEV, Model: KIA OPTIMA PHEV 2019Pages: 553, PDF Size: 11.97 MB
Page 481 of 553

Maintenance
54
8
FUSES
❈ Left side : Normal , Right side : Blown
A vehicle’s electrical system is pro-
tected from electrical overload dam-
age by fuses.
This vehicle has 2 (or 3) fuse panels,
one located in the driver’s side panel
bolster, the other in the engine com-
partment near the battery.
If any of your vehicle’s lights, acces-
sories, or controls do not work, check
the appropriate circuit fuse. If a fuse
has blown, the element inside the
fuse will melt.
If the electrical system does not
work, first check the driver’s side
fuse panel.
Always replace a blown fuse with
one of the same rating.
If the replacement fuse blows, this
indicates an electrical problem. Avoid
using the system involved and imme-
diately consult an authorized Kia
dealer.
Three kinds of fuses are used: blade
type for lower amperage rating, car-tridge type, and multi fuse for higheramperage ratings.
Do not arbitrarily modify or add-on electric wiring to the vehicle.
WARNING- Fuse replace-
ment
Never replace a fuse with any- thing but another fuse of the
same rating.
A higher capacity fuse could cause damage and possibly a
fire.
Never install a wire or alu- minum foil instead of the
proper fuse - even as a tem-
porary repair. It may cause
extensive wiring damage and
a possible fire.
CAUTION
Do not use a screwdriver or anyother metal object to removefuses because it may cause ashort circuit and damage thesystem.
OJF075021
■
Blade type
■ Cartridge type
■ Multi fuse
■ BFT
Page 482 of 553

855
Maintenance
✽ ✽NOTICE
• When replacing a fuse, turn the
ignition “OFF” and turn off
switches of all electrical devices
then remove battery (-) terminal.
• The actual fuse/relay panel label may differ from equipped items.
WARNING- Electrical Fire
Always ensure replacements
fuses and relays are securely
fastened when installed. Failure
to do so can result in a vehicle
fire.
CAUTION
When replacing a blown fuse or relay, make sure the newfuse or relay fits tightly intothe clips. Failure to tightlyinstall the fuse or relay maycause damage to the wiringand electric systems.
Do not remove fuses, relays and terminals fastened withbolts or nuts. The fuses, relaysand terminals may not be fas-tened correctly which maycause vehicle damage.
CAUTION
Do not input any other objects except fuses or relays intofuse/relay terminals, such as adriver or wiring. It may causecontact failure and systemmalfunction.
Do not plug in screwdrivers or aftermarket wiring into the ter-minal originally designed forfuse and relays only. The elec-trical system and wiring of thevehicle interior may be dam-aged or burned due to contactfailure.
If you directly connect the wire on the taillight or replacethe bulb which is over the reg-ulated capacity to install trail-ers, etc., the inner junctionblock can get burned.
Page 501 of 553

Maintenance
74
8
LIGHT BULBS
Bulb replacement precaution
Please keep extra bulbs on hand
with appropriate wattage ratings in
case of emergencies.
Refer to “Bulb Wattage” in chapter 9.
When changing lamps, first turn off
the engine at a safe place, firmly
apply the parking brake and detach
the battery’s negative (-) terminal.
Use only bulbs of the specified
wattage.✽ ✽ NOTICE
• If the light bulb or lamp connector
is removed while the lamp is still
on, the fuse box's electronic sys-
tem may log it as a malfunction.
Therefore, a lamp malfunction
incident may be recorded as a
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) in
the fuse box.
• It is normal for an operating lamp to flicker momentarily. This is due
to a stabilization function of the
vehicle’s electronic control device.
If the lamp lights up normally
after momentarily blinking, then
it is functioning as normal.
However, if the lamp continues to
flicker several times or turns off
completely, there may be an error
in the vehicle’s electronic control
device. Please have the vehicle
checked by an authorized Kia
dealer immediately.
WARNING- Working on
the lights
Prior to working on the lights,
firmly apply the parking brake,
ensure that the engine
start/stop button is in OFF posi-
tion and turn off the lights to
avoid sudden movement of the
vehicle that may cause burning
your fingers or receiving an
electric shock.
CAUTION -Light replace-
ment
Be sure to replace the burned- out bulb with one of the samewattage rating. Otherwise, itmay cause damage to the fuseor electric wiring system.
CAUTION -Headlamp
Lens
To prevent damage, do notclean the headlamp lens withchemical solvents or strongdetergents.
Page 515 of 553

Maintenance
88
8
APPEARANCE CARE
Exterior care
Exterior general caution
It is very important to follow the label
directions when using any chemical
cleaner or polish. Read all warning
and caution statements that appear
on the label.
Finish maintenance
Washing
To help protect your vehicle’s finish
from rust and deterioration, wash it
thoroughly and frequently at least
once a month with lukewarm or cold
water.
If you use your vehicle for off-road
driving, you should wash it after each
off-road trip. Pay special attention to
the removal of any accumulation of
salt, dirt, mud, and other foreign mate-
rials. Make sure the drain holes in the
lower edges of the doors and rocker
panels are kept clear and clean.
Insects, tar, tree sap, bird droppings,
industrial pollution and similar
deposits can damage your vehicle’s
finish if not removed immediately. Even prompt washing with plain water
may not completely remove all these
deposits. A mild soap, safe for use on
painted surfaces, may be used.
After washing, rinse the vehicle thor-
oughly with lukewarm or cold water.
Do not allow soap to dry on the finish.
After washing the vehicle, test the
brakes while driving slowly to see if
they have been affected by water. If
braking performance is impaired, dry
the brakes by applying them lightly
while maintaining a slow forward
speed.
High-pressure washing
When using high-pressure wash-
ers, make sure to maintain suffi-
cient distance from the vehicle.
Insufficient clearance or excessive
pressure can lead to component
damage or water penetration.
Do not spray the camera, sensors or its surrounding area directly with
a high pressure washer. Shock
applied from high pressure water
may cause the device to not oper-
ate normally.
Do not bring the nozzle tip close to boots (rubber or plastic covers) or
connectors as they may be dam-
aged if they come into contact with
high pressure water.
Page 518 of 553

891
Maintenance
Avoid washing the wheels withhighspeed vehicle wash brushes.
Do not use any alkaline or acid detergents It may damage and cor-
rode the aluminum wheels coated
with a clear protective finish.Corrosion protection
Protecting your vehicle from corrosion
By using advanced design and con-
struction practices to combat corro-
sion, we produce vehicles of excel-
lent quality. However, this is only part
of the job. To achieve the long-term
corrosion resistance your vehicle can
deliver, the owner's cooperation and
assistance is also required.
Common causes of corrosion
The most common causes of corro-
sion on your vehicle are:
Road salt, dirt and moisture that isallowed to accumulate underneath
the vehicle.
Removal of paint or protective coatings by stones, gravel, abra-
sion or minor scrapes and dents
which leave unprotected metal
exposed to corrosion. High-corrosion areas
If you live in an area where your vehi-
cle is regularly exposed to corrosive
materials, corrosion protection is
particularly important. Some of the
common causes of accelerated cor-
rosion are road salts, dust control
chemicals, ocean air and industrial
pollution.
Moisture breeds corrosion
Moisture creates the conditions in
which corrosion is most likely to
occur. For example, corrosion is
accelerated by high humidity, partic-
ularly when temperatures are just
above freezing. In such conditions,
the corrosive material is kept in con-
tact with the vehicle’s surface by
moisture that evaporates slowly.
Mud is particularly corrosive
because it dries slowly and holds
moisture in contact with the vehicle.
Although the mud appears to be dry,
it can still retain the moisture and
promote corrosion.
WARNING
After washing the vehicle, test
the brakes while driving slowly
to see if they have been affected
by water. If braking performance
is impaired, dry the brakes by
applying them lightly while
maintaining a slow forward
speed.
Page 543 of 553

Index
2I
Active ECO system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-84Limitation of Active ECO operation . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-85
Plug-in hybrid vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-84
When Active ECO is activated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-85
Air bag - advanced supplemental restraint system . . . . 3-43 Adding equipment to or modifying your air bag-equipped vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-70
Air bag warning label. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-70
Air bag warning light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-46
Curtain air bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-63
Driver's and passenger's front air bag . . . . . . . . . . . 3-58
How does the air bag system operate? . . . . . . . . . . . 3-44
Inflation and non-inflation conditions of the air bag . 3-64
Occupant Detection System (ODS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-50
Side air bag. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-61
SRS Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-69
SRS components and functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-47
Air cleaner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28\
Filter replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28
Air conditioner compressor label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
Air conditioning system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Air ventilation seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-141
Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \
. . 5-2
Appearance care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-88 Exterior care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-88
Interior care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-93 Audio System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-\
2
How vehicle audio works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Automatic climate control system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-118 Air Conditioning refrigerant label . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-132
Automatic heating and air conditioning. . . . . . . . . 4-119
Checking the amount of air conditioner refrigerant and compressor lubricant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-131
Climate control air filter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-130
Manual heating and air conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . 4-120
System operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-128
Automatic transaxle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12 Automatic transaxle operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12
Good driving practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \
. . 8-36 For best battery service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-36
Recharging the battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-37
Reset items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-38
Before driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5 Before entering vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Before starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Necessary inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Blind-spot Collision Warning (BCW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-86 BCW (Blind-Spot Collision Warning)/LCA (Lane Change Assist) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-87
A
B
Page 547 of 553

Index
6I
Driver distraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Keep your vehicle in safe condition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Restrain all children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
In case of an emergency while driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3 If the engine stalls at a crossroad or crossing . . . . . . 7-3
If the engine stalls while driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
If you have a flat tire while driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
Instrument cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-52 Gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-\
54
Instrument cluster control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-53
LCD display control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-53
Transaxle shift indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-59
Instrument panel overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Interior features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-139 Air ventilation seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-141
Bottle holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-139
Coat hook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-144
Cup holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-139
Floor mat anchor(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-144
Power outlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-142
Seat warmer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-140
Side curtain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-145
Sunvisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-141
USB charger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-143
Interior lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-113 Automatic turn off function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-113
Glove box lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-115
Map lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-114 Room lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-113
Trunk room lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-115
Vanity mirror lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-115
Interior overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Lane Departure Warning (LDW) system . . . . . . . . . . . 6-97 LDW operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-98
The LDW does not operate when . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-100
Warning indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-99
LCD display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-60 LCD modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-60
Service mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-61
User settings mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-63
Light bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-74\
Back-up lamp bulb replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-83
Bulb replacement precaution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-74
Front turn signal lamp bulb replacement . . . . . . . . . 8-79
Glove box lamp bulb replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-87
Headlamp (High beam) bulb replacement (Headlamp Type A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-78
Headlamp (Low beam) bulb replacement (Headlamp Type A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-76
Headlamp (Low/High beam,LED type) bulb replacement (Headlamp Type B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-79
High mounted stop lamp bulb replacement . . . . . . . 8-84
License plate lamp bulb replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . 8-84
L
Page 548 of 553

I7
Index
Light bulb position (front) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-75
Light bulb position (rear) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-75
Light bulb position (side) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-76
Map lamp bulb replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-85
Personal lamp bulb replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-86
Position lamp + DRL (LED type) bulb replacement . 8-80
Rear turn signal lamp bulb replacement . . . . . . . . . 8-81
Room lamp bulb replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-86
Side repeater lamp bulb replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-81
Stop and tail lamp (LED type) bulb replacement . . 8-82
Trunk lamp bulb replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-87
Vanity mirror lamp bulb replacement . . . . . . . . . . . 8-85
Lighting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \
4-102 AFLS (Adaptive Front Lighting System) . . . . . . . 4-110
Battery saver function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-102
Check headlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-109
Daytime running light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-102
Headlight leveling device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-109
High Beam Assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-105
High beam operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-104
Lighting control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-102
Turn signals and lane change signals . . . . . . . . . . . 4-108
Luggage volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5 Maintenance services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Owner maintenance precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
Owner’s responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \
. 4-47 Inside rearview mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-47
Outside rearview mirror . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-49
Online factory authorized manuals (U.S. only) . . . . . . 9-15 Electrical troubleshooting manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15
Owner's manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15
Service manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15
Owner maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6 Owner maintenance schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
Panoramic sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-37 Closing the sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-42
Resetting the sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-42
Sliding the sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-40
Sunroof open warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-38
Sunshade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-39\
Tilting the sunroof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-41M
O
P
Page 551 of 553

Index
10I
Tire traction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-44
Wheel alignment and tire balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-42
Wheel replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-43
Tire Mobility Kit(TMK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \
. 7-24 Emergency towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26
Removable towing hook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25
Towing service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-24
Trailer Towing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-111
Trip modes (Trip computer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-68 A/V mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-73
Assist mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-73
Digital speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-72
Fuel economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-68
One time driving information mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-72
Trip A/B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-71\
Trip modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-68
Turn by turn mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-72
Warning messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-73
Vehicle break-in process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Vehicle certification label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
Vehicle data collection and event data recorders . . . . . . 1-6
Vehicle identification number (VIN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8 Vehicle load limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-112
Certification label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-115
Tire and loading information label. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-112
Vehicle weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-116 Base curb weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-116
Cargo weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-116
GAW (Gross Axle Weight). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-116
GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating) . . . . . . . . . . . 6-116
GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-116
GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating) . . . . . . . . . 6-116
Vehicle curb weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-116
Warning and indicator lights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-84 Indicator lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-92
Warning lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-84
Washer fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26 Checking the washer fluid level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
Welcome system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-116 Headlight (Headlamp) escort function . . . . . . . . . . 4-116
Interior light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-116
Pocket lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-116
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \
4-23 Power windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24
Windshield defrosting and defogging. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-133 Automatic climate control system . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-133
Defogging logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-134
V
W