belt LAND ROVER DEFENDER 1996 Owner's Guide

57STEERING
2
FAULT DIAGNOSIS POWER STEERING SYSTEM - TEST
NOTE: If steering lacks power assistance.
Check pressure of hydraulic pump before
fitting new components. Use fault
diagnosis chart to assist in tracing faults.
A. Steering box.
B. Steering pump.
C. Existing hose, steering box to pump.
D. HoseLRT-57-030.
E. Test adaptorLRT-57-001.
F. Pressure gaugeLRT-57-005.
G. Thread adaptorLRT-57-004.
H. Thread adaptorLRT-57-022.Procedure
1.A hydraulic pressure gauge and test adaptor is
used to test power steering system. This gauge
is able to measure 140 kgf/cm
2. The maximum
power steering system pressure is 77 kgf/cm2.
2.Under certain fault conditions of the hydraulic
pump it is possible to obtain pressures up to 105
kgf/cm
2. It is important to realise that pressure on
gauge is same pressure being exerted upon
steering wheel. When testing, turn steering
wheel gradually while reading pressure gauge.
3.Check and maintain maximum fluid level of
reservoir.
4.Examine power steering units and connections
for leaks. All leaks must be rectified before
attempting to test the system.
5.Check steering pump drive belt tension and
renew belt if necessary,
See ELECTRICAL,
Repair, Auxiliary drive Belt
.
6.Assemble test equipment and fit to vehicle, as
shown in RR3959M.
7.Open tap of adaptor.
8.Bleed system, take care not to overload
pressure gauge.
9.With system in good condition, pressures should
be:
(A) Steering wheel held on full lock and engine
running at 1,000 rev/min, 70 to 77 kgf/cm
2.
(B) Steering wheel held on full lock and engine
idling, 28 kgf/cm
2.
Checks should be carried out on both full lock
positions.
CAUTION: Do not maintain this pressure
for more than 30 seconds in any one
minute to avoid overheating fluid and
possibly damaging seals.
10.Release steering wheel and with engine idling.
Pressure should read below 7 kgf/cm
2.
11.If pressures differ to those given a fault exists.
12.To determine if fault is steering box or pump.
Close adaptor tap for a maximum five seconds.
13.If gauge does not register specified pressure,
pump is faulty.
14.Fit a new pump, bleed system and repeat test. If
low pressure or a substantial imbalance exists,
fault is in steering box valve and worm
assembly.

STEERING
9
FAULT DIAGNOSIS POWER STEERING SYSTEM - EXCESSIVE NOISE
1.Is fluid level correct?
YES - go to 3.
NO - Refill or drain to correct level. Bleed
system, check for leaks
See Repair, Power
Steering System - Bleed
.
2.Is problem resolved?
YES - end
NO - continue.
3.Is pressure hose from pump to box touching
body in a hard foul condition?
YES - route hose away from body.
NO - go to 5.
4.Does noise remain?
YES - continue.
NO - end.
5.Is noise a whistle or hiss on full lock?
YES - noise is not a fault unless excessive.
Compare with other vehicles
NO - go to 8.
6.Is noise excessive?
YES - continue.
NO - end.
7.Change steering box and/or pump.
8.Is noise a squeal on full lock?
YES - check drive belt tension and remove belt if
necessary
See ELECTRICAL, Repair,
Auxiliary drive Belt
.
NO - go to 10.
9.Does squeal remain?
YES - drive belt contaminated, change belt.
NO - end.
10.Is noise a continuous moan?
YES - bleed PAS system
See Repair, Power
Steering System - Bleed
.
NO - go to 13.
11.Does moan remain?
YES - do figure 8 manoeuvres.
NO - end.
12.Does moan remain?
YES - continue
NO - end.13.Is noise an intermittent "grunt"?
YES -
See Power Steering System - Grunt.
NO - continue.
14.Is it a clunking noise?
YES - check drive belt tension and renew belt if
necessary
See ELECTRICAL, Repair,
Auxiliary drive Belt
.
NO - contact local technical office.
15.Does noise remain?
YES - Suspect suspension or drive train.
NO - end.
POWER STEERING SYSTEM - GRUNT
Steering box grunts intermittently when turning
from lock to lock:
1.Is fluid level correct?
YES - go to 3.
NO - refill or drain to correct level. Bleed system,
check for leaks
See Repair, Power Steering
System - Bleed
.
2.Does grunt remain?
YES - continue
NO - end.
3.Is correct low pressure hose, steering box to
reservoir, fitted?
YES - go to 5.
NO - Fit correct hose.
4.Does grunt remain?
YES - continue
NO - end.
5.Purge box by doing figure 8 manoeuvres e.g. on
car park, followed by 10 minutes normal road
use.
6.Does grunt remain?
YES - Contact local technical office
NO - end.

57STEERING
12
FAULT DIAGNOSISREV: 05/99 VISUAL CHECK AND BASIC ADJUSTMENTS
NOTE: It is important that the following
instructions are carried out in the
sequence shown and the results recorded.
1.Road springs - check that road springs are
correctly seated and are to correct specification
for vehicle. For spring specification
See
GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA,
Information, Road Spring Data
.
2.Ride height - measure trim height from wheel
centre to wheelarch eyebrow. Record results on
data sheet.
3.Check/top up power steering fluid
See Repair,
Power Steering Fluid Reservoir
.
4.Check tension and condition of drive belt
See
ELECTRICAL, Repair, Auxiliary drive belt
.
5.Track rod/drag link - check condition of track rod,
drag link and ball joints
See Repair, Drag Link
and Drag Link Ends
.
If either component is damaged, check operation
of steering damper and steering box for
smoothness. Replace all damaged or worn
components that impair the operation of the
steering system.
6.Suspension bushes - examine all steering and
suspension bushes for signs of wear and
deterioration. Also check all fixings for torque
relaxation. Tighten to correct torque value
See
FRONT SUSPENSION, Specifications, torque,
Torque Values
.
7.Oil leaks - check front and rear axle hubs for
leak and repair as necessary.
8.Brake system - check brake system for leaks,
pipe condition, pad wear/contamination, disc
wear/condition.
9.Hub end float - check movement in the hubs by
rocking the wheels.
10.Check front wheel alignment. Vehicles displaying
a tendency to veer more than considered
allowable, it is permissible to set the front track
to parallel.11.Having completed all the above checks and
adjustments, road test vehicle
See Road Test
Procedure
.
Attempt to reproduce the symptoms established
earlier. If symptoms still exist refer to relevant
Diagnostic Chart.
STEERING LINKAGE INSPECT
NOTE: When inspecting steering linkages
and ball joints for wear the following items
must be checked.
Steering ball joints
1.Check ball joint rubber boots for security, signs
of cracking or deterioration.
2.Check ball joint assemblies for seizure i.e. no
movement on ball joint and associated
assemblies.
3.Check for excessive wear. This will be evident
as extreme movement on track rod and steering
linkages. Renew parts as necessary
See
Repair, Track Rod and Linkage
,See Repair,
Drag Link and Drag Link Ends
.
Steering linkages
1.Check all linkages for wear, deterioration and
damage. Renew parts as necessary
See
Repair, Track Rod and Linkage
,See Repair,
Drag Link and Drag Link Ends
.

STEERING
3
ADJUSTMENT FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Service repair no - 57.65.01
Checking Toe-out dimensions
NOTE: Recognised front wheel alignment
and tracking equipment should be used
for this operation. Only the use of basic
equipment is described below. No Adjustment is
provided for castor, camber or swivel pin
inclinations.
1.Set vehicle on level ground with road wheels
positioned straight ahead.
2.Push vehicle back and forwards to settle linkage.
3.Set up the equipment to manufacturers
instructions and check alignment as advised by
equipment supplier.
4.Position trammel probes on inner face of wheel,
not the rims, if the latter are damaged.
5.Measure toe-out at horizontal centre-line of
wheels.
6.Check tightness of clamp bolt fixings. Tighten to
14 Nm (10lbf/ft).
Adjust
7.Slacken clamps at both ends of track rod.
8.Rotate track rod to increase or decrease its
effective length until correct toe-out is obtained
See GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA,
Information, Steering
.
9.Push vehicle rearwards turning steering wheel
from side to side to settle ball joints. With road
wheels set in straight ahead position, push
vehicle forward a short distance.
10.Recheck track and adjust if necessary.
11.When alignment is correct, tap ball joints in
direction of arrows to maximum of travel, to
ensure full unrestricted movement of track rod.
12.Tighten clamp bolts to
14 Nm (10 lbf/ft).
POWER STEERING PUMP DRIVE BELT
Service repair no - 57.20.01
Adjust
NOTE: For details of drive belt adjust
procedure.
See ELECTRICAL, Repair,
Auxiliary Drive Belt

STEERING
7
REPAIR POWER STEERING PUMP
Service repair no - 57.20.14
Remove
NOTE: A chassis undertray may be fitted
on some vehicle derivatives to conform to
legal requirements. When under chassis
remove and refit procedures are required, it may
be necessary to remove the undertray
See
CHASSIS AND BODY, Repair, Front undertray
.
1.Disconnect battery.
2.Remove viscous fan unit
See COOLING
SYSTEM, Repair, Viscous coupling and fan
.
3.Restrain steering pump pulley, slacken but do
not remove 3 bolts securing pulley.
4.Remove drive belt
See ELECTRICAL, Repair,
Auxiliary drive belt
.
5.Remove bolts and remove pulley.
6.Position suitable container beneath steering
pump.
7.Slacken retaining clip and disconnect return
hose from steering pump.
8.Disconnect high pressure pipe from steering
pump.
9.Allow steering fluid to drain into container.
CAUTION: Plug all connections to prevent
ingress of dirt.
10.Remove 4 bolts securing steering pump bracket
to engine auxiliary mounting bracket.
11.Remove pump and bracket assembly.
12.Remove 3 bolts and detach mounting bracket
from pump.
Refit
13.Fit mounting bracket to replacement steering
pump. Tighten bolts to
9 Nm (7 lbf/ft).
14.Fit pump and bracket to auxiliary mounting
bracket. Tighten bolts to
35 Nm (26 lbf/ft).
15.Connect high pressure feed pipe to steering
pump and tighten to
20 Nm (15 lbf/ft).
16.Connect return hose to steering pump. Tighten
retaining clip to
3 Nm (2 lbf/ft).
17.Position pulley to steering pump, coat threads of
bolts with Loctite 242; fit but do not fully tighten
bolts.
18.Fit drive belt
See ELECTRICAL, Repair,
Auxiliary drive belt
.
19.Restrain steering pump pulley, tighten bolts to
10
Nm (7lbf/ft).
20.Fit viscous fan unitSee COOLING SYSTEM,
Repair, Viscous coupling and fan
.
21.Bleed power steering system
See Power
steering system - bleed
.
POWER STEERING PUMP DRIVE BELT
Service repair no - 57.20.02
NOTE: For details of drive belt remove and
refit
See ELECTRICAL, Repair, Auxiliary
drive belt
.

WHEELS AND TYRES
1
REPAIR REV: 05/99 GENERAL INFORMATION
WARNING: This is a multi-purpose vehicle
with wheels and tyres designed for both
on and off road usage. Only use wheels
and tyres specified for use on the vehicle.
The vehicle is equipped with tubeless 'S','T' or 'H'
rated radial ply tyres as standard equipment. The
tyres are of European metric size and must not be
confused with the "P" size metric tyres available in
North America.
Vehicle wheel sets, including spare wheel, must be
fitted with the same make and type of tyre to the
correct specification and tread pattern. Under no
circumstances must cross-ply or bias-belted tyres be
used.
For tyre specification and pressures
See GENERAL
SPECIFICATION DATA, Information, Wheels and
Tyres
.
Steel wheels
Tubeless tyres are mounted on 7.0 inch wide by 16
inch diameter steel wheels.
Alloy Wheels
Tubeless tyres are mounted on 7.0 inch wide by 16
inch diameter cast aluminium alloy wheels. The
surface has a paint finish covered with a clear
polyurethane lacquer. Care must be taken when
handling the wheel to avoid scratching or chipping the
finish.
The alloy wheel rim is of the asymmetric hump
type incorporating a safety hump to improve
location of the tyre bead in its seat. If difficulty is
experienced in fitting tyres to this type of rim
See
Tyre Fitting
.
WARNING: DO NOT fit an inner tube to an
alloy wheel.TYRE INSPECTION
Inspect tyres at weekly intervals to obtain maximum
tyre life and performance and to ensure compliance
with legal requirements. Check for signs of incorrect
inflation and uneven wear, which may indicate a need
for balancing or front wheel alignment,
See Fault
diagnosis, Tyre Wear Chart
, if the tyres have
abnormal or uneven wear patterns.
Check tyres at least weekly for cuts, abrasions, bulges
and for objects embedded in the tread. More frequent
inspections are recommended when the vehicle is
regularly used in off road conditions.
To assist tyre inspection, tread wear indicators are
moulded into the bottom of the tread grooves, as
shown in the illustration above.
When the tread has worn to a depth of 1.6 mm the
indicators appear at the surface as bars which
connect the tread pattern across the width of the tread
as shown in the illustration above.

CHASSIS AND BODY
19
REPAIR FRONT SEAT BELTS
Service repair no - 76.73.13
Remove
1.Remove plastic seat belt guide from side of front
seat base.
2.Remove seat belt lower anchorage bolt.
3.Remove plastic cap from upper belt guide bolt.
4.Remove bolt securing belt guide to 'B' post.
5.Move rear carpet aside and remove bolt
securing inertia reel to base of 'B' post.
6.Remove seat buckle stalk anchorage bolt at
inside rear of front seat.
Refit
NOTE: Tighten all seat belt anchorage
bolts to
32 Nm (24 lbf/ft).
7.Fit seat buckle stalk to mounting at rear of front
seat.
8.Position inertia reel to base of 'B' post and
secure with bolt.
9.Reposition carpet.
10.Fit upper guide to 'B' post.
11.Fit plastic cap to guide bolt.
12.Fit seat belt to seat base lower anchorage
bracket.
13.Fit plastic seat belt guide to seat base.

76CHASSIS AND BODY
20
REPAIR REAR SEAT BELTS - 90/110 STATION WAGON,
INWARD FACING SEATS
Service repair no - 76.73.18
Remove
1.Release belt straps from buckles.
2.Release stowage straps and lower both seat
cushions.
3.Unscrew bolt securing lap strap to body
mounting.
4.Remove lap strap, wavy washer, spacer and
plain washer.
5.Repeat operation for buckle strap.
Refit
6.Secure lap strap and buckle straps to body.
Tighten bolts to
32 Nm (24 lbf/ft).
7.If required, secure seat cushions and belts in
stowed position.REAR SEAT BELTS - 110
Service repair no - 76.73.18
Remove
1.Remove rear inward facing seats
See Rear
seat squab - 90
orSee Rear bench seat.
2.Remove side trim panel
See Side trim panel.
3.Remove bolt securing seat belt inertia reel to 'C'
post.
4.Remove seat belt assembly.
5.Pull seat belt straps between seat cushion and
squab into rear of vehicle.
6.Remove finisher cap and bolt securing seat belt
anchorage to floor.
7.Remove seat belt assembly.

CHASSIS AND BODY
21
REPAIR REV: 05/99 Refit
8.Secure seat belt straps to floor mounting.
Tighten bolt to
32 Nm (24 lbf/ft)and fit finisher
cap.
9.Feed belt straps between seat cushion and
squab.
10.Fit inertia reel to 'C' post. Tighten bolt to
32 Nm
(24 lbf/ft).
11.Fit side trim panelSee Side trim panel.
12.Fit rear inward facing seats
See Rear seat
squab - 90
orSee Rear bench seat.SIDE TRIM PANEL - 90 STATION WAGON
Service repair no - 76.13.70
Remove
1.Remove rear seat squabs
See Rear seat
squab
.
2.Remove rear end trim panel
See Rear end
trim panel
.
3.Prise cap from front seat belt upper guide
retaining bolt.
4.Unscrew retaining bolt and remove seat belt
from 'B' post.
5.Carefully prise trim stud from 'B' post.
6.Remove 4 bolts securing side trim panel to body
side.
7.Release top edge of side trim panel by striking
upwards with the hand to disengage 3 spring
clips.
8.Lift trim panel from window surround and remove
from vehicle.

76CHASSIS AND BODY
22
REPAIR Refit
9.Fit new spring clips to the 3 brackets on top
edge of side trim panel.
10.Align trim panel, ensuring it is correctly
positioned around side window.
11.Locate trim panel spring clips on inner cant rail
and press firmly down to secure top edge of trim
panel.
12.Align bosses of trim panel with body side fixing
holes and secure with 4 bolts and washers. Do
not fully tighten at this stage.
13.Fit trim stud to secure bottom edge of trim panel
to 'B' post.
14.Secure seat belt guide to 'B' post, tighten bolt to
32 Nm (24 lbf/ft)and fit cap.
15.Fit rear end trim panel
See Rear end trim
panel
.
16.Fit rear seat squab
See Rear seat squab.SIDE TRIM PANEL - 110 STATION WAGON
Service repair no - 76.13.70
Remove
1.Remove rear inward facing seats
See Rear
seat squab - 90
,orSee Rear bench seat.
2.Remove rear end trim panel
See Rear end
trim panel
.
3.Prise finisher cap from rear seat belt upper guide
bracket retaining bolt.
4.Unscrew bolt and remove guide bracket from 'C'
post.
5.Remove bolt securing seat belt to wheel arch
mounting.
6.Prise trim panel cap fastener from 'C' post.
7.Remove seat belt aperture finisher from side trim
panel.
8.Remove screw and release seat belt clip from 'C'
post.