steering wheel LAND ROVER DEFENDER 1996 Service Manual

57STEERING
16
REPAIR 15.Centralise steering box
See Adjustment,
Centralise steering box
.
16.Align steering wheel, if necessary.
CAUTION: A drag link that is damaged or
bent must be renewed. DO NOT attempt
repair.
17.Fit drag link to swivel housing arms and tighten
nuts to
40 Nm (30 lbf/ft).Fit new split pins.
18.Ensure full steering travel is obtained between
lock stops
See Adjustment, Steering lock
stops
. Adjust drag link length to suit.
19.Tap ball joints in direction shown so both pins
are in same angular plane.
20.Tighten clamp bolts to
14 Nm (10 lbf/ft).
21.Refit road wheel and remove axle stands or
vehicle from ramp.
22.Road test vehicle.
23.If driving straight ahead and steering wheel is
offset by 0°±5°in either direction, correct by
adjusting drag link length.
WARNING: To correct steering wheel
deviations greater than±5°remove and
reposition steering wheel
See Steering
wheel
.

STEERING
1
SPECIFICATIONS, TORQUE REV: 05/99 TORQUE VALUES
NOTE: Torque wrenches should be regularly checked for accuracy to ensure that all fixings are
tightened to the correct torque.
Nm
Ball joint nuts 40..............................................................................................
Clamp bolt nuts 9...........................................................................................
Steering column bracket nuts 22....................................................................
Steering wheel nut 43.....................................................................................
Tie bar to mounting nut 110.............................................................................
Universal joint pinch bolt 25............................................................................
PAS box
Adjuster locknut 60.................................................................................
Drop arm nut 176....................................................................................
Sector shaft cover to steering box 75.....................................................
Steering box to chassis 81.....................................................................
Steering box fluid pipes 14mm thread 15...............................................
Steering box fluid pipes 16mm thread 20...............................................
Tie bar 81...............................................................................................
PAS pump
High pressure fluid pipe 20.....................................................................
Power steering pump mounting 35.........................................................
Pulley bolts, power steering pump 10....................................................
Hose clamp 3........................................................................................
Front mounting plate bolts 9..................................................................
PAS reservoir
Hose clamp 3........................................................................................
* Torque values below are for all screws and bolts used except for those that are specified otherwise.
METRIC Nm
M5 6......................................................................................................
M6 9......................................................................................................
M8 25.....................................................................................................
M10 45...................................................................................................
M12 90...................................................................................................
M14 105..................................................................................................
M16 180..................................................................................................
UNC / UNF
1/4 9......................................................................................................
5/16 24...................................................................................................
3/8 39.....................................................................................................
7/16 78...................................................................................................
1/2 90.....................................................................................................
5/8 136....................................................................................................

WHEELS AND TYRES
1
FAULT DIAGNOSIS TYRE WEAR CHART
FAULT CAUSE REMEDY
Rapid wear at Tyres under-inflated Inflate to correct pressure
shoulders Worn suspension components Replace worn components
i.e. ball joints, panhard
rod bushes, steering damper
Excessive cornering speeds
Rapid wear at
centreTyres over-inflated Inflate to correct pressure
of tread
Wear at one
shoulderTrack out of adjustment Adjust track to correct figure
Bent panhard rod Check and replace worn or damaged
components
Bald spots or tyre Wheel out of balance Balance wheel and tyre
cupping assembly
Excessive radial runout Check runout and replace tyre
if necessary
Shock absorber worn Replace shock absorber
Excessive braking
Tyre scalloped Track out of adjustment Adjust toe to correct figure
Worn suspension components Replace tyre as necessary
Excessive cornering speeds
CAUTION: This diagnosis chart is for general guidance only and does not necessarily include
every cause of abnormal tyre wear.

74WHEELS AND TYRES
2
FAULT DIAGNOSIS FAULT - SYMPTOMS
Vibration through steering wheel
1.Check tyre pressures
See Repair, Tyre
Pressures
.
2.Check condition of tyres
See Tyre Wear Chart.
3.Check front wheel alignment
See STEERING,
Adjustment, Front Wheel Alignment
.
4.Check wheel balance
See Repair, Wheel
Balancing
.
NOTE: In the event that any apparent
vibration is not eliminated at this stage
See PROPELLER SHAFTS, Fault
diagnosis, Vibration Harshness
.
NOTE: In the event that any apparent
vibration is not eliminated at this stage, go
to steering Fault Diagnosis, Fault -
Symptom (Steering vibration, road wheel
shimmy/wobble)
See STEERING, Fault diagnosis,
Steering Faults
.
NOTE: Radial ply tyres have a flexible
sidewall, which produces a sidewall bulge
making the tyre appear under-inflated.
This is a normal condition for radial ply tyres. Do
not attempt to reduce this bulge by over-inflating
the tyre.
Key to illustration
1.Correct inflation.
2.Under-inflation.
3.Over-inflation.
4.Tread contact with road.

74WHEELS AND TYRES
2
REPAIRREV: 05/99 When the indicators appear in two or more adjacent
grooves, at three locations around the tyre, a new tyre
must be fitted.
NOTE: DO NOT attempt to interchange
tyres, e.g. from front to rear, as tyre wear
produces characteristic patterns
depending on their position. If tyre position is
changed after wear has occured, the performance
of the tyre will be adversely affected.
NOTE: Territorial vehicle regulations
governing tyre wear MUST be adhered to.
WHEELS INSPECTION
Regularly check the condition of the wheels. Replace
any wheel that is bent, cracked, dented or has
excessive runout.
VALVES INSPECTION
Check condition of inflation valve. Replace any valve
that is worn, cracked, loose, or leaking air.TYRE PRESSURES
Maximum tyre life and performance will be
obtained only if tyres are maintained at the correct
pressures.
Tyre pressures must be checked at least once a week
and preferably daily, if the vehicle is used off road.
The tyre inflation pressure is calculated to give the
vehicle satisfactory ride and steering characteristics
without compromising tyre tread life. For
recommended tyre pressures in all conditions
See
GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA, Information,
Wheels and Tyres
.
Always check tyre inflation pressures using an
accurate gauge and inflate tyres to the
recommended pressures only.
Check and adjust tyre pressuresONLYwhen the
tyres are cold, vehicle parked for three hours or more,
or driven for less than 3.2 km (2 miles) at speeds
below 64 km/h (40 mph). Do not reduce inflation
pressures if the tyres are hot or the vehicle has been
driven for more than 3.2 km (2 miles) at speeds over
64 km/h (40 mph), as pressures can increase by 0.41
bars (6 lb/in
2) over cold inflation pressures.
CheckALLtyre pressures including the spare. Refit
the valve caps as they form a positive seal and keep
dust out of the valve.

76CHASSIS AND BODY
34
REPAIRREV: 05/99 LOWER FASCIA PANEL (HEATER DUCT)
ASSEMBLY
Service repair no - 76.46.05
Remove
1.Disconnect battery.
2.Remove steering wheel
See STEERING,
Repair, Steering wheel
.
3.Remove steering column nacelle
See
STEERING, Repair, Steering column nacelle
.
4.Remove instrument panel
See INSTRUMENTS,
Repair, instrument panel
.
5.Release heater cable at control lever
See
HEATING AND VENTILATION, Repair, Heater
control cable - air distribution
.
6.Remove 2 screws, withdraw switch panel from
lower fascia and disconnect switch multi-plugs.
7.Prise out Land Rover decal and remove screw
securing grab handle to crash pad.
8.Remove lower screw and lift grab handle from
lower fascia panel.
9.On RH drive vehicles only, remove screw
securing LH side of finisher to wiper motor cover.
10.Remove 4 screws and remove both demister
vents from crash pad.
11.Remove 3 screws securing crash pad to fascia
bulkhead.
12.Remove crash pad.
13.Remove radio, if fitted.
14.Remove 2 trim studs securing radio housing to
trim panel. Remove radio housing.

CHASSIS AND BODY
37
REPAIR REV: 05/9947.Connect leads and plugs to auxiliary switches
and clock.
48.Secure switch panel to lower fascia panel and
switch cover.
49.Position radio housing, if applicable, and feed
radio multi- plug, aerial and speaker leads from
switch cover to radio housing.
50.Secure radio housing to trim panel.
51.Fit radio connections and secure radio in
housing.
52.Fit crash pad to fascia bulkhead.
53.Fit demister vents in crash pad.
54.Fit grab handle to lower fascia panel and secure
to crash pad. Refit Land Rover decal.
55.Connect multi-plugs to rear screen, hazard and
interior lamp switches and fit switch panel to
fascia panel.
56.Fit heater control cable
See HEATING AND
VENTILATION, Repair, Heater control cable -
air distribution
.
57.Fit instrument panel
See INSTRUMENTS,
Repair, instrument panel
.
58.Fit steering column nacelle
See STEERING,
Repair, Steering column nacelle
.
59.Fit steering wheel
See STEERING, Repair,
Steering wheel
.
60.Reconnect battery.FRONT UNDERTRAY
Service repair no - 76.11.81 - Front undertray
Service repair no - 76.11.85 - Acoustic pad
Remove
1.Raise vehicle on ramp.
2.Position support under chassis front
crossmember.
3.Lower ramp to give clearance between axle and
undertray.
4.Remove 4 nuts, disconnect propeller shaft from
front axle, and move aside.
5.Remove 2 bolts securing undertray to chassis
front crossmember.
6.Remove nut securing undertray to bump stop
front fixing bolt on both sides.
7.Remove 2 bolts securing sides of undertray to
rear undertray.
8.Pull front undertray forwards to release flanges
from rear undertray.
9.Lower undertray to clear steering box etc. and
manouvre rearwards over axle.
10.Remove front undertray.
11.If necessary, remove 8 fasteners to release
acoustic pad from undertray.

80HEATING AND VENTILATION
6
REPAIR HEATER CONTROL CABLE - AIR DISTRIBUTION
Service repair no - 80.10.12
Remove
1.Disconnect battery.
2.Remove steering wheel
See STEERING,
Repair, Steering wheel.
3.Remove steering column nacelleSee
STEERING, Repair, Steering column nacelle.
4.Remove instrument panelSee INSTRUMENTS,
Repair, Instrument panel.
5.Remove retaining screws and pull off air
distribution and temperature control lever knobs.
6.Remove 3 screws and detach side cover,
complete with control lever assembly.
7.Remove 2 screws securing control lever
assembly to side cover and remove cover. Note
plastic screw spacers fitted between cover and
control lever assembly and retain.
8.Remove small bolt and release outer cable
retaining clip.
9.Slacken grub screw and release inner cable from
clevis.
10.Remove lower fascia panel assembly
See
CHASSIS AND BODY, Repair, Lower fascia
panel (heater duct) assembly.
11.Remove 19 screws and lift off heater duct cover.
12.Slacken vent flap trunnion fixing, release air
distribution control cable and remove from
heater duct.
13.Check condition of foam sealant on heater duct
cover and renew if necessary.

WIPERS AND WASHERS
3
REPAIR WIPER MOTOR AND DRIVE RACK - VEHICLE
WITH AIR CONDITIONING, LH DRIVE
Service repair no - 84.15.20
Remove
1.Disconnect battery.
2.Remove wiper arms.
3.Remove single screw and remove fascia side
panel.
4.Remove 5 screws and withdraw instrument
panel as far as possible without straining wires
and cables.
5.Remove steering wheel
See STEERING,
Repair, Steering wheel.
6.Remove 2 screws at RH side and single screw
at LH side, inside instrument cowel, and
withdraw air conditioning panel and controls.
7.Release fascia panel LH support bracket.
8.Remove wiper motor cover finisher.

84WIPERS AND WASHERS
4
REPAIR
9.Remove door check strap cover and 3 screws
and withdraw wiper motor cover. If applicable,
disconnect switch multi-plugs and/or radio
speaker leads.
10.Disconnect wiper motor multi-plug.
11.Disconnect earth lead. (Not applicable on later
models)
12.Lift rubber sleeve from wiper motor and slacken
wiper motor to drive tube nut.
13.Remove 2 screws and release wiper motor
retaining strap, complete with mounting pad and
earth tag.
14.Pull wiper motor and drive rack clear of drive
tubes.Refit
15.Feed drive rack into drive tube until fully located
in wheel boxes.
16.Finger tighten drive tube nut.
17.Position motor mounting pad, fit retaining strap,
including earth tag and secure wiper motor
assembly.
18.Fully tighten drive tube nut and fit rubber sleeve.
19.Fit wiper motor multi-plug and earth lead to tag
on motor retaining strap.
20.Before fitting fascia panels, fit wiper blades,
reconnect battery and test wiper operation.
21.Refit fascia panels, noting that air conditioning
panel must be located and secured, on LH side,
with single screw, before instrument panel is
fitted.
22.Fit steering wheel
See STEERING, Repair,
Steering wheel.