coolant LAND ROVER DEFENDER 1999 Workshop Manual

01INTRODUCTION
4
INFORMATION ACCESSORIES AND CONVERSIONS
DO NOT FITunapproved accessories or conversions,
as they could affect the safety of the vehicle.
Land Rover will not accept liability for death, personal
injury, or damage to property which may occur as a
direct result of the fitting of non-approved conversions
to the vehicle.
WHEELS AND TYRES
WARNING: DO NOT replace the road
wheels with any type other than genuine
Land Rover wheels which are designed for
multi-purpose on and off road use and have very
important relationships with the proper operation
of the suspension system and vehicle handling.
Replacement tyres must be of the make and sizes
recommended for the vehicle, and all tyres must
be the same make, ply rating and tread pattern.
STEAM CLEANING
To prevent consequential rusting, any steam cleaning
within the engine bayMUSTbe followed by careful
re-waxing of the metallic components affected.
Particular attention must be given to the steering
column, engine coolant pipes and hose clips.
SPECIFICATION
The specification details and instructions set out in
this Supplement apply only to a range of vehicles and
not to any one. For the specification of a particular
vehicle purchasers should consult their Dealer.
The Manufacturer reserves the right to vary
specifications with or without notice, and at such times
and in such manner as it thinks fit. Major as well as
minor changes may be involved in accordance with
the Manufacturer’s policy of constant product
improvement.
Whilst every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of
the particulars contained in this Supplement, neither
the Manufacturer or Dealer, by whom this Supplement
is supplied, shall in any circumstances be held liable
for any inaccuracy or the consequences thereof.SPECIAL SERVICE TOOLS
The use of approved special service tools is
important. They are essential if service operations are
to be carried out efficiently, and safely. Where special
tools are specified,only these tools should be used
to avoid the posibility of personal injury or
damage to the components.Also, the amount of time
which they can save can be considerable.
Special tools bulletins will be issued periodically giving
details of new tools as they are introduced.
All orders and enquiries from the United Kingdom
should be sent direct to Cartool (UK) Ltd. Overseas
orders should be placed with the local Cartool
distributor, where one exists. Countries where there is
no distributor may order direct from:
Cartool (UK) Ltd.
Unit 3,
Sterling Business Park,
Brackmills,
Northampton,
England, NN4 7EX.
The tools recommended in this Workshop Manual are
listed in an illustrated catalogue, obtainable from:
Land Rover Publications,
Character Mailing,
Heysham Road,
Bootle,
Merseyside, L70 1JL
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01INTRODUCTION
10
INFORMATION CROSS REFERENCE OF EMISSION SYSTEM
TERMINOLOGY
NEW TERM (ACRONYM)
Accelerator pedal (AP).................................................
Air cleaner (ACL)..........................................................
Air conditioning (A/C)...................................................
Battery positive voltage (B+)........................................
Closed loop (CL)..........................................................
Closed throttle position (CTP)......................................
Canister purge valve (CANPV)....................................
Data link connector (DLC)...........................................
Diagnostic trouble code (DTC).....................................
Distributor ignition (DI).................................................
Engine control module (ECM)......................................
Engine coolant level (ECL)...........................................
Engine coolant temperature (ECT)..............................
Engine speed (RPM)....................................................
Evaporative emission system (EVAP)..........................
Engine fuel temperature sensor (EFTS)......................
4th gear, 3rd gear etc. (4GR, 3GR)..............................
Fuel pump (FP)............................................................
Fan control module (FCM)...........................................
Generator (GEN)..........................................................
Ground (GND)..............................................................
Heated oxygen sensor (H02S)....................................
Idle air control (IAC)......................................................
Idle air control valve (IACV).........................................
Ignition control module (ICM).......................................
Intake air temperature (IAT).........................................
Manifold vacuum zone (MVZ)......................................
Mass air flow sensor (MAF).........................................
Open loop (OL)............................................................
Relay module (RM)......................................................
Solid state relay module (SSRM).................................
Three way catalytic converter (TWC)..........................
Throttle body (TB)........................................................
Throttle position sensor (TP)........................................
Transmission range (TR)..............................................
Wide open throttle (WOT)............................................OLD TERM (ACRONYM)
Throttle pedal (-)..........................................................
Air cleaner (-)...............................................................
Air conditioning (AC)....................................................
Battery plus, bat +, bat feed (B+).................................
Closed loop (-).............................................................
Closed throttle, idle position (-)....................................
Charcoal canister purge valve (-).................................
Serial link (-)................................................................
Fault code (-)...............................................................
Electronic ignition (-)....................................................
Electronic control unit (ECU)........................................
Coolant level (-)...........................................................
Coolant temperature (temp).........................................
Coolant temperature thermistor (-)..............................
Engine speed (rev/min)................................................
Evaporative loss system (ELC)...................................
Fuel temperature thermistor (-)....................................
Fourth gear, 3rd gear (-)..............................................
Fuel pump (-)...............................................................
Condenser fan timer (-)................................................
Alternator (-)................................................................
Ground, earth (B-)........................................................
Lambda (02) sensor (-)................................................
Idle speed control (ISC)................................................
Stepper motor (-).........................................................
Ignition module (-)........................................................
Intake temperature/ambient temperature (-)................
Manifold depression, vacuum (-).................................
Air flow meter (-)..........................................................
Fault code display unit (-)............................................
Open loop (-)...............................................................
Relay (-).......................................................................
Control unit (-)..............................................................
Catalyst, catalytic converter (CAT)..............................
Throttle housing (-)......................................................
Transmission gear (-)...................................................
Full throttle, wide open throttle (WOT).........................
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GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA
3
INFORMATION FUEL SYSTEM - Td5
Type Direct injection from pressure regulated supply with.................................................................................
cooled return flow
Pressure regulator setting 4 bar (58 lbf.in
2) ................................................
Pump Electric two stage submersible................................................................................
Pump output
Low pressure 30 l/h (6.6 gal/h) at 0.5 bar (7.25 lbf.in
2) ..........................................................
High pressure 180 l/h (39.6 gal/h) at 4 bar (58 lbf.in2) ..........................................................
Max consumption 30 l/h (6.6 gal/h).............................................................
Injectors Electronic unit injectors...........................................................................
Injector normal operating pressure 1500 bar (21750 lbf.in
2) ..................................
Filter In-line canister filter/water separator with water.................................................................................
detection
COOLING SYSTEM - Td5
Type Pressurised spill return partial flow, thermostatically.................................................................................
controlled
Cooling fans 11 blade axial flow on viscous coupling and 11 blade.....................................................................
axial flow electric
Electric cooling fan switching points
On Vehicle speeds of 50 mph (80 km/h) and below while...........................................................................
ambient temperature is 28°C (82°F) or above
Off Vehicle speeds of 62.5 mph (100 km/h) and above or...........................................................................
ambient temperatures of 25°C (77°F) and below
Coolant pump Centrifugal impeller, belt driven from crankshaft...................................................................
Thermostat Waxstat with pressure relief valve.......................................................................
Thermostat opening temperature
Initial opening 82°C (179°F) ..........................................................
Fully open 96°C (204°F) ...............................................................
Expansion tank cap relief valve operating pressure 1.4 bar (20.3 lbf.in
2) .........
CLUTCH - Td5
Type Diaphragm spring, hydraulically operated with.................................................................................
self-centering pre-loaded release bearing
Drive plate diameter 267 mm.........................................................
Pressure plate diameter 270 mm...................................................
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09LUBRICANTS, FLUIDS AND CAPACITIES
2
INFORMATION Propeller shaft Front
and RearNLGI - 2 Multi-purpose Lithium based GREASE
Lubrication nipples
(hubs, ball joints
etc.)
Seat slides
Door lock striker
Brake and clutch
reservoirsBrake fluids having a minimum boiling point of 260°C (500°F) and complying with
FMVSS 116 DOT4
Engine coolant Use Texaco XLC long life coolant. Use one part anti-freeze to one part water for
protection down to -36°C (-33°F).
IMPORTANT: Coolant solution must not fall below 50% anti-freeze otherwise
damage to engine is liable to occur. Maximun concentration is 60%.
Battery lugs, Petroleum jelly.
Earthing surfacesNOTE: Do not use Silicone Grease
where paint has
been removed
Air Conditioning
System Refrigerant Use only refrigerant R134a
Compressor Oil ND-OIL 8
LUBRICATION PRACTICE
Use a high quality oil of the correct viscosity range and service classification in the engine during maintenance and
when topping up. The use of oil not to the correct specification can lead to high oil and fuel consumption and
ultimately to damaged components.
Oil to the correct specification contains additives which disperse the corrosive acids formed by combustion and
prevent the formation of sludge which can block the oilways. Additional oil additives should not be used. Always
adhere to the recommended servicing intervals.
WARNING: Many liquids and other substances used in motor vehicles are poisonous. They must
not be consumed and must be kept away from open wounds. These substances, among others,
include anti-freeze, windscreen washer additives, lubricants and various adhesives.
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LUBRICANTS, FLUIDS AND CAPACITIES
3
INFORMATION CAPACITIES
The following capacity figures are approximate and are provided as a guide only.
Capacities (approx.)* Litres Pints
Engine sump oil - Td5 7.20...................................................... 12.67
Extra when refilling after fitting new filter 1.00.......................... 1.76
Manual gearbox 2.38............................................................... 4.19
Transfer gearbox oil 2.30......................................................... 4.00
Front differential 1.70............................................................... 3.00
Rear differential
90 Models 1.70............................................................... 3.00
110 Models 2.26............................................................. 4.00
Power steering box and reservoir LHD 2.90............................ 5.00
Power steering box and reservoir RHD 3.40............................ 6.00
Swivel pin housing oil/grease (each) 0.35................................ 0.60
Fuel tank usable fuel
90 Models 60.00............................................................... 13.20 gall
110 & 130 Models 75.00................................................... 16.50 gall
Cooling system - Td5 13.00....................................................... 22.88
Washer bottle 3,0................................................................... 5.28
NOTE: * All levels must be checked by dipstick or level plugs as applicable.
ANTI-FREEZE
PERCENTAGE CONCENTRATION - 50%
PROTECTION - LOWER TEMPERATURE LIMIT
Complete protection
Vehicle may be driven away immediately from cold,
-33°C (-36°F).
Safe limit protection
Coolant in semi-frozen state. Engine may be started
and driven away after warm-up period, -41°C (-42°
F).
Lower protection
Prevents frost damage to cylinder head, block and
radiator. Thaw out before starting engine, -47°C (-53°
F).
CAUTION: Anti-freeze content must never
be allowed to fall below 50% otherwise
damage to the engine is liable to occur.
Also, anti-freeze content should not exceed 60%
as this will greatly reduce the cooling effect of the
coolant.RECOMMENDED FUEL
Diesel fuel oil, distillate, diesel fuel, automotive gas or
Derv to British standard 2869, Class A1 or A2
Using diesel fuel with a class rating lower than stated
above could seriously impair vehicle performance.
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10 - MAINTENANCE
CONTENTS
Page
MAINTENANCE
UNDERBONNET VIEW - Td5 1..............................................................................
SEATS AND SEAT BELTS 2..................................................................................
LAMPS, HORNS AND WARNING INDICATORS 2................................................
WIPERS AND WASHERS 3...................................................................................
HANDBRAKE 3.......................................................................................................
BATTERY CONDITION - Td5 4..............................................................................
HANDSET BATTERY 5...........................................................................................
HEADLAMP ALIGNMENT 5....................................................................................
ROAD WHEELS 6...................................................................................................
TYRE PRESSURES, CONDITION AND TREAD DEPTH 6....................................
BRAKE PADS, CALIPERS AND DISCS 7..............................................................
ROAD WHEEL SPEED SENSOR HARNESS - Td5 7............................................
FUEL FILTER ELEMENT 8.....................................................................................
FUEL FILTER SEDIMENTER - Td5 8.....................................................................
INTERCOOLER / COOLING SYSTEM 9................................................................
AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (AAP) SENSOR - Td5 9..............................................
DOOR LOCKS AND HINGES 10............................................................................
ENGINE COOLANT 10...........................................................................................
BRAKE FLUID 11....................................................................................................
AIR FILTER ELEMENT AND DUMP VALVE 11.....................................................
AUXILIARY DRIVE BELT 12...................................................................................
PAS FLUID, CLUTCH FLUID AND SCREEN WASHER LEVELS 12.....................
STEERING BOX 13................................................................................................
ENGINE OIL 14.......................................................................................................
CENTRIFUGE ROTOR - Td5 14.............................................................................
FULL FLOW OIL FILTER 15...................................................................................
GEARBOX OIL 15...................................................................................................
TRANSFER BOX OIL 16.........................................................................................
FRONT AND REAR AXLE OIL 17..........................................................................
PROPELLER SHAFTS 18.......................................................................................
CLUTCH PIPES AND UNIONS 18..........................................................................
PAS PIPES AND UNIONS 19.................................................................................
ENGINE, GEARBOX, TRANSFER BOX AND AXLES 19.......................................
EXHAUST SYSTEM 20...........................................................................................
STEERING BOX AND SUSPENSION 20...............................................................
STEERING BALL JOINTS 21.................................................................................
SHOCK ABSORBERS 22.......................................................................................
TOWING BRACKET 22...........................................................................................
ENGINE AND TRANSMISSION MOUNTINGS 23..................................................
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MAINTENANCE
1
MAINTENANCE UNDERBONNET VIEW - Td5
LHD shown
1.Engine oil dipstick
2.Coolant expansion tank
3.Air cleaner
4.Brake/clutch fluid reservoir filler cap5.Windscreen washer reservior
6.Auxiliary drive belt
7.Engine oil filler cap
8.PAS fluid reservoir
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MAINTENANCE
9
MAINTENANCE INTERCOOLER / COOLING SYSTEM
1.Visually check for any obstructions in the
radiator and intercooler matrix and remove
debris as necessary.
2.Visually check fan blades for damage.
3.Check cooling, intercooler and heating systems
for leaks, hoses and oil pipes for security and
condition.
4.Check accessible hose clips for tightness.
5.Check coolant level, top-up if necessary
Cooling System Top-Up
1.With engine cold, remove expansion tank filler
cap.
2.Top-up with recommended mixture of coolant
until level reaches mark on expansion tank.
3.Fit expansion tank filler cap.
Intercooler Flush
1.Remove intercooler.See FUEL SYSTEM,
Repair.
2.Flush intercooler element using Unicorn
Chemicals’C’Solve following the manufaturers
instructions.
3.Thoroughly dry intercooler ensuring that no trace
of solvent remains in the element.
4.Refit intercooler.See FUEL SYSTEM, Repair.AMBIENT AIR PRESSURE (AAP) SENSOR - Td5
1.Check ambient air pressure sensor for damage.
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10MAINTENANCE
10
MAINTENANCE DOOR LOCKS AND HINGES
Front, rear and tail doors
1.Open each door in turn and lubricate door
hinges and check strap using recommended
lubricant.
2.Lubricate door lock, striker and private lock using
PTFE lubricant. Remove excessive lubricant,
particularly from door striker area, to avoid
customer complaint.
3.Check tightness of accessible door lock and
striker fixings
4.Open and close door to check for smooth,
noise-free operation. Ensure door closes
securely.
5.Check for smooth operation of private lock.
Bonnet
1.With bonnet open, lubricate hinges, striker, lock
and safety catch using a suitable lubricant.ENGINE COOLANT
1.Renew engine coolant.See COOLING
SYSTEM, Adjustment.
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ENGINE
3
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 1.Oil dipstick tube
2.Screw - oil dipstick tube to camshaft carrier
3.Oil dipstick
4.2nd piston ring
5.Piston
6.Small-end bush
7.Connecting rod
8.Big-end bearing cap
9.Connecting rod bolt (2 off per connecting rod)
10.Top piston ring
11.Oil control ring
12.Circlips (2 off per gudgeon pin)
13.Gudgeon pin
14.Big-end bearing shells
15.Dowels to cylinder head (2 off)
16.Gearbox shim plate
17.Rear crankshaft seal and housing
18.Screws - crankshaft seal flange to engine block (5 off)
19.Bolts - Gearbox shim plate to cylinder block (2 off)
20.Main oil gallery plug (rear)
21.Oil filter adaptor gasket
22.Oil filter adaptor thermostat
23.Oil filter adaptor assembly
24.Oil filter adaptor insert
25.Oil filter adaptor to cylinder block bolts (3 off)
26.Oil filter
27.Oil pressure switch
28.Oil cooler banjo bolts (2 off)
29.O-rings - oil cooler banjo bolts (2 off)
30.Oil cooler to cylinder block bolts (7 off)
31.Centrifuge assembly
32.Centrifuge to cylinder block bolts (3 off)
33.Centrifuge oil drain pipe
34.Oil drain pipe to sump gasket
35.Centrifuge to oil drain pipe gasket
36.Oil cooler plugs (3 off)
37.Oil cooler assembly
38.Oil cooler matrix ’O’ rings (2 off)
39.Oil cooler matrix
40.Oil cooler gasket
41.Coolant and PAS pump assembly bracket
42.Bracket bolts (5 off + 1 stud/nut)
43.Cylinder block
44.Dowels - timing chain cover (2 off)
45.Oil gallery delivery plug
46.Cross drilling plug
47.Coolant jacket plug
48.Core plugs (3 off)
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