brake fluid LAND ROVER DISCOVERY 1995 Owner's Manual

70BRAKES
2
FAULT DIAGNOSIS ABS FAULT AND REMEDY CHART
SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSE CHECK REMEDY
ABS warning light on ABS electrical fault Check ABS electrical
circuit with Testbook
diagnostic equipmentChange component if
necessary
High sensor air gaps Push in sensors
Brake fluid warning light
ONFluid loss Check reservoir fluid level
and inspect system for
leaksRectify leakage, refill
reservoir
Reservoir fluid level
switch malfunctionCheck fluid level switch Change reservoir
cap/switch
Pedal travel increased,
foot pressure normalAir in system Rebleed brake system
Master cylinder
malfunctionChange master cylinder
Pedal can be moved
downwards under
constant pressureSeal leaking in master
cylinderInspect system for leaks Change master cylinder
Seal leaking in servo unit Change servo unit

BRAKES
1
REPAIR GENERAL BRAKE SERVICE PRACTICE
Brake fluid precautions
WARNING: Do not allow brake fluid to
come into contact with eyes or skin.
CAUTION: Brake fluid can damage
paintwork, if spilled wash off immediately
with plenty of clean water.
CAUTION: Use only correct grade of brake
fluid. If an assembly fluid is required use
ONLY brake fluid. Do NOT use mineral oil,
i.e. engine oil etc.
CAUTION: Thoroughly clean all brake
calipers, pipes and fittings before
commencing work on any part of the brake
system. Failure to do so could cause foreign
matter to enter the system and cause damage to
seals and pistons which will seriously impair the
efficiency of the brake system.
·To ensure the brake system efficiency is not
impaired the following warnings must be
adhered to :-
·DO NOT use any petroleum based cleaning
fluids or any proprietary fluids containing
petrol.
·DO NOT use brake fluid previously bled from
the system.
·DO NOT flush the brake system with any fluid
other than the recommended brake fluid.
The brake system should be drained and flushed
at the recommended service intervals.
Cover all electrical terminals carefully to make
absolutely certain that no fluid enters the
terminals and plugs.FLUID LEVEL CHECK / TOP UP
WARNING: Clean reservoir body and filler
cap before removing cap. Use only fluid
from a sealed container.
1.Park vehicle on level ground.
2.Check level is between 'MIN' and 'MAX' marks.
3.If level is below 'MIN' mark top up fluid level to
'MAX' mark on reservoir, using correct fluid.
See
LUBRICANTS, FLUIDS AND CAPACITIES,
Information, Recommended Lubricants and
Fluids
Do not fill reservoir above maximum line

70BRAKES
2
REPAIR BRAKE SYSTEM BLEED
Service repair no - 70.25.02
The following method for bleeding the hydraulic brake
system applies to both ABS and NON ABS vehicles.
Preparation
WARNING: Before bleeding the brake
system refer to general brake service
practice.
See General Brake Service
Practice
·During bleed procedure, brake fluid level
must not be allowed to fall below the MIN
level. Keep reservoir topped to the MAX level.
·To bleed the hydraulic circuits four bleed
nipples are provided, one at each caliper.
·There are two methods by which air can be
removed from the braking system:-
1. MANUAL BLEED PROCEDURE.
2. PRESSURE BLEED PROCEDURE.
Pressure bleed procedure
Purpose designed equipment for pressure filling and
bleeding of hydraulic systems may be used on Land
Rover vehicles. The equipment manufacturer's
instructions must be followed and the pressure must
not exceed 4.5 bar.
Manual bleed procedure
Equipment required
·Clean glass receptacle
·Bleed hose
·Wrench
·Approx 2 litres brake fluid.
See
LUBRICANTS, FLUIDS AND CAPACITIES,
Information, Recommended Lubricants and
Fluids
Master cylinder bleed
1.Disconnect battery negative lead.
2.Depress brake pedal fully and slowly 5 times.
3.Release the pedal and wait for ten seconds.
4.Air bubbles will rise into the reservoir during
these instructions.
5.Repeat instructions until a firm resistance is felt
at the pedal.
Complete circuit bleed
1.Disconnect battery negative lead.
2.Fit bleed hose to any caliper bleed screw.
3.Dip free end of bleed hose into brake fluid in
bleed bottle.
4.Open bleed screw of caliper.
5.Depress brake pedal fully several times until fluid
is clear of air bubbles.
6.Keeping pedal fully depressed, tighten bleed
screw, then release pedal.
7.Repeat the above procedure on remaining three
calipers.
8.Fit all bleed screw protection caps.
9.Check/top-up fluid level when bleeding is
complete.
See Fluid Level Check / Top-Up

BRAKES
3
REPAIR MASTER CYLINDER ABS
Service repair no - 70.30.08
- Lucas Girling - Type 25.4mm CV/CV
NOTE: This master cylinder is identified by
a 3rd plugged outlet port protruding down
from the master cylinder body.
Before starting repair refer to general brake service
practice.
See General Brake Service Practice
Remove
1.Disconnect battery negative lead.
2.Place a suitable container under master cylinder
to catch brake fluid from cylinder when brake
pipes are disconnected.
3.Thoroughly clean immediate area around all
outlet ports. Remove each brake pipe, sealing
each pipe and outlet port with suitable plugs to
prevent ingress of foreign matter.
4.Disconnect electrical plug from low fluid switch
on reservoir cap.
5.Remove two nuts securing master cylinder to
servo unit remove also spring and plain washers.
6.Detach master cylinder from servo, remove
reservoir cap and drain brake fluid into a
container.Refit
NOTE: Ensure O ring seal between master
cylinder and servo unit is fitted correctly.
7.Fit master cylinder to servo. Secure in position
with two nuts, plain and spring washers. Tighten
to
26 Nm.
8.Fit brake pipes to master cylinder. Tighten to
15Nm.
9.Top-up master cylinder with correct grade of
brake fluid.
See LUBRICANTS, FLUIDS AND
CAPACITIES, Information, Recommended
Lubricants and Fluids
10.Bleed system.See Brake System Bleed
11.Fit cap, reconnect electrical lead to fluid level
switch. Reconnect battery negative lead.

70BRAKES
4
REPAIR MASTER CYLINDER NON ABS
Service repair no - 70.30.08 - Remove
Service repair no - 70.30.09 - Repair
- Lucas Girling - Type 25.4mm AS/AS
WARNING: This master cylinder is not
suitable to be fitted on vehicles with
antilock brake systems.
Before starting repair refer to general brake service
practice.
See General Brake Service Practice
Remove
1.Disconnect battery negative lead.
2.Place a suitable container under master cylinder
to catch brake fluid from cylinder when brake
pipes are disconnected.
3.Thoroughly clean immediate area around all
outlet ports. Remove each brake pipe, sealing
each pipe and outlet port with suitable plugs to
prevent ingress of foreign matter.
4.Disconnect electrical plug from low fluid switch
on reservoir cap.
5.Remove two nuts securing master cylinder to
servo unit remove also spring and plain washers.
6.Detach master cylinder from servo, remove
reservoir cap and drain brake fluid into a suitable
container.Repair
7.Thoroughly clean master cylinder and inspect
outer surfaces for damage and condition, renew
complete assembly if necessary.
8.Using two soft jaws, clamp master cylinder
flange in a suitable vice. Remove water ingress
'O' ring seal from master cylinder to servo flange
and discard.
9.Grip outside of transfer housing with a suitable
pair of pliers, carefully pull, working pliers in a
backwards and forwards rocking motion to ease
housing off master cylinder. Discard housing and
vacuum seal.

70BRAKES
6
REPAIR
NOTE: The primary plunger assembly
cannot be broken down any further and is
serviced as a complete unit. Discard
assembly.
15.The secondary plunger assembly will remain at
bottom of master cylinder bore. Remove tapping
assembly on a piece of wood until plunger
appears at cylinder mouth, carefully pull plunger
out of master cylinder.
16.If swirl tube was not expelled at same time as
secondary plunger, repeat above operation to
remove it from bottom of master cylinder bore
and discard.
17.Clean all parts with unused brake fluid. Place
cleaned parts onto a clean sheet of paper.
Inspect cylinder bore and plungers for signs of
corrosion, ridges and score marks. Provided
working surfaces are in perfect condition, new
seals from a Girling Service repair kit may be
used.
Renewing secondary plunger seals
18.Remove following components from secondary
plunger and discard:
NOTE: A small screwdriver with end
rounded off and polished is required to
remove 'L' seal. DO NOT damage
secondary plunger.
(A) Springs
(B) Seal retainer
(C) Recuperating seal (primary cup)
(D) Washer
(E) 'L' seal

BRAKES
7
REPAIR 19.Coat new seals in unused brake fluid. Fit 'L' seal
to plunger.
20.Fit washer followed by recuperating seal. Fit seal
retainer and springs, ensure springs are
correctly seated.
Assembling master cylinder
CAUTION: It is important that following
instructions are carried out precisely,
otherwise damage could be caused to new
seals when inserting plungers into cylinder bore.
Generous amounts of new brake fluid should be
used to lubricate parts during assembly.
21.Fit new swirl tube to bottom of cylinder bore.
22.Lubricate secondary plunger and cylinder bore.
Offer plunger assembly to cylinder until
recuperation seal is resting centrally in mouth of
bore. Gently introduce plunger with a circular
rocking motion, as illustrated. Ensuring that seal
does not become trapped, ease seal into bore
and slowly push plunger down bore in one
continuous movement.
23.Fit new primary plunger assembly using same
method as for secondary plunger.
24.Fit original guide ring to support primary plunger.
25.Coat a new 'O' ring with brake fluid and fit to its
respective groove on outer location surface of
master cylinder.
CAUTION: Do not roll 'O' ring down outer
location surface of master cylinder. It
should be slightly stretched and eased
down cylinder and into its groove. Do not over
stretch seal.
26.Fit new retaining ring on outer surface of master
cylinder ensuring that serrations of ring are
facing mounting flange.
27.Fit two new reservoir seals in respective ports.
28.Fit a new vacuum seal to either primary plunger
or to bottom of transfer housing bore, open face
of seal towards primary plunger.
29.Lubricate vacuum seal with brake fluid. Fit
transfer housing to master cylinder, push
housing fully up to cylinder mounting flange, Do
not adjust transfer housing after fitting.
30.Lubricate new water ingress seal with brake
fluid, Slightly stretch seal and ease down
housing until it is in position between housing
and flange.
31.Roll reservoir into top of master cylinder,
reversing procedure described in instruction 10.
Refit
NOTE: Ensure O ring seal between master
cylinder and servo unit is fitted correctly.
32.Fit master cylinder to servo. Secure in position
with two nuts, plain and spring washers. Tighten
to
26 Nm.
33.Fit brake pipes to master cylinder. Tighten to
15Nm.
34.Top-up master cylinder with correct grade of
brake fluid.
See LUBRICANTS, FLUIDS AND
CAPACITIES, Information, Recommended
Lubricants and Fluids
35.Bleed system.See Brake System Bleed
36.Fit cap, reconnect electrical lead to fluid level
switch. Reconnect battery negative lead.

70BRAKES
8
REPAIR MASTER CYLINDER ASSEMBLY NON ABS
Key to master cylinder
1. Water ingress seal
2. Transfer housing
3. Vacuum seal
4. Guide ring
5. Retaining ring
6. 'O' ring seal7. Primary plunger assembly
8. 'L' seal
9. Secondary plunger
10. Washer
11. Recuperating seal (primary
cup)
12. Seal retainer13. Springs (2 off)
14. Swirl tube
15. Master cylinder body
16. Reservoir seals
17. Reservoir
18. Low fluid level switch and
cap
NOTE: Thoroughly check that no debris is lodged in fluid passageways and drillings. If debris is
found, carefully remove, re-clean cylinder and re-check.

BRAKES
9
REPAIR SERVO ASSEMBLY
Service repair no - 70.50.01
Remove
Before starting repair refer to general brake service
practice.
See General Brake Service Practice
NOTE: The filter, non-return valve and
grommet, are the only serviceable
components, in event of failure or damage
fit a new unit.
1.Disconnect battery negative lead.
2.Disconnect electrical plug to low fluid level
switch.
3.Thoroughly clean immediate area around all
master cylinder outlet ports. Remove each brake
pipe, sealing each pipe and outlet port to prevent
ingress of foreign matter.
4.Disconnect vacuum supply hose to servo.
5.Remove lower dash panel to gain access to
servo push rod to brake pedal.
6.Remove clevis pin securing servo push rod to
brake pedal.
7.Remove two nuts and plain washers securing
servo.
8.Remove servo and master cylinder assembly.
9.Drain brake fluid into a suitable container. (If
master cylinder is kept horizontal it is not
necessary to drain fluid).10.Detach spacer from pedal box mounting face of
servo.
NOTE: Retain spacer for reassembly. The
spacer ensures stringent pedal to servo
operating dimensions are maintained.
11.Remove master cylinder from existing servo and
refit to new servo, if fitting new unit.
Refit
12.Fit spacer to servo.
13.Fit servo to pedal box.
14.Lightly grease brake pedal around area servo
push rod pivots.
15.Fit push rod to lower hole of brake pedal. Fit
clevis pin and clip.
16.Secure servo with two nuts and plain washers.
Tighten nuts to
26 Nm.
17.Refit lower dash panel.
18.Fit master cylinder to servo, refit nuts, plain and
spring washers. Tighten nuts to
26 Nm.
19.Remove all sealing plugs. Refit brake pipes to
respective ports. Tighten brake pipes to
15 Nm.
20.Refit vacuum supply hose.
21.Fill master cylinder to correct level using correct
grade of brake fluid.
See LUBRICANTS,
FLUIDS AND CAPACITIES, Information,
Recommended Lubricants and Fluids
22.Bleed brake system.See Brake System Bleed

70BRAKES
10
REPAIR FRONT BRAKE PADS
Service repair no - 70.40.02
Service tool:
LRT.70-500 - Piston clamp
Remove
1.Remove front road wheels.
See WHEELS AND
TYRES, Repair, Wheels
2.Clean exterior of calipers.
3.Remove split [cotter] pin from retaining pins.
4.Remove pad retaining pins and anti-rattle
springs.
5.Remove brake pads.
6.Clean exposed parts of pistons, using new brake
fluid. Wipe away excess with a lint free cloth.
7.Using piston clamp LRT-70-500 press each
piston back into its bore. Ensure that displaced
brake fluid does not overflow from reservoir.
Refit
8.Fit brake pads.
9.Fit pad retaining pins and anti-rattle springs.
Secure with new split [cotter] pin.
10.Apply service brake pedal several times to locate
pads.
11.Check fluid reservoir. Top up if necessary, using
correct grade of fluid.
See LUBRICANTS,
FLUIDS AND CAPACITIES, Information,
Recommended Lubricants and Fluids