steering wheel LAND ROVER DISCOVERY 1995 Service Manual

STEERING
15
REPAIR STEERING COLUMN LOCK ASSEMBLY
Service repair no - 57.40.31
Remove
CAUTION: Before removing any parts of
steering linkage, it is imperative that road
wheels are positioned straight ahead.
Then steering wheel removed to prevent rotary
coupler being wound up or damaged.
CAUTION: After refitting steering linkage
parts follow correct procedure to ensure
that road wheels, steering box and
steering wheel are correctly positioned relative to
each other when in straight ahead condition. If
steering wheel requires repositioning, ensure that
drive pegs on rotary coupler are correctly
positioned before steering wheel is replaced.
This ensures drive pegs locate in their holes in
rear of steering wheel.
After final alignment connect rotary coupler
multiplug, tighten steering wheel securing nut and
fit airbag module - if fitted.
1.Disconnect battery negative lead.
2.Remove steering column shroud.
See Steering
Column Shroud
3.Release turnbuckles, lower driver's access
panel.
4.If fitted, remove 4 screws securing knee pad,
remove bolster.
5.Disconnect ignition switch multiplug from fuse
box.
6.Disconnect ignition switch main feed multiplug.

57STEERING
18
REPAIR TRACK ROD AND LINKAGE
Service repair no - 57.55.09
Remove track rod
1.Site vehicle on a ramp [hoist].
2.Disconnect steering damper at track rod.
3.Disconnect track rod at ball joints, using
extractor LRT-57-018.
4.Remove track rod.
Remove linkage
5.Loosen clamp bolts.
6.Unscrew ball joints.
7.Unscrew track rod adjuster. (left hand thread).
Refit linkage
8.Fit replacement parts. Loosely fit clamp pinch
bolts.
9.Screw in ball joint to full extent of threads.
10.Set adjuster to track rod distance to 9mm as
shown.
11.Set adjuster end ball joint distance to 28.5mm as
shown.
12.Track rod effective length of 1230.0mm is
subject to adjustment during wheel alignment
check.
Refit track rod
CAUTION: Fit a new track rod if existing is
damaged or bent. No attempt should be
made to repair it.
13.Fit track rod and tighten ball joint nuts to
40 Nm.
14.Check front wheel alignment.See Adjustment,
Front Wheel Alignment
15.Connect steering damper to track rod.
16.Remove vehicle from hoist, or axle stands.

STEERING
19
REPAIR DRAG LINK AND DRAG LINK ENDS
Service repair no - 57.55.17
Remove drag link
1.Check front wheel alignment.
See Adjustment,
Front Wheel Alignment
2.Ensure wheels are positioned straight ahead
during following procedure.
3.Place vehicle on a hoist, or support front axle on
axle stands.
4.Remove right front road wheel.
5.Disconnect drag link ball joint at swivel housing
arm, using extractor LRT-57-018.
6.Disconnect drag link ball joint at drop arm using
LRT-57-018.
7.Remove drag link.
Remove drag link ends
8.Loosen clamp bolts.
9.Unscrew ball joints.
10.Clean internal threads in drag link.Refit drag link ends
11.Fit replacement ends. Loosely fit clamp bolts.
12.Set ball joints to drag link distance to 28.5mm as
shown.
13.Adjust ball pin centres to nominal length of
924.0mm. this length is adjusted during refit.
14.Centralise steering box.
See Adjustment,
Centralise Steering Box
15.Align steering wheel, if necessary.See
Steering Wheel
Refit drag link
CAUTION: Fit new drag link if existing drag
link is damaged or bent. No attempt
should be made to repair it.
16.Fit drag link. Tighten ball-joint nuts to
40 Nm.
17.Check steering lock stops.See Adjustment,
Steering Lock Stops
18.Ensure full steering travel is obtained between
lock stops. Adjust drag link length to suit.
19.Tap ball joints in direction shown, so both pins
are in same angular plane.
20.Tighten clamp bolts to
14 Nm.
21.Reverse removal procedure. 3 and 4.
22.Road test vehicle.
23.If driving straight ahead and steering wheel is
offset by 0°to±5°in either direction. Remedy by
adjusting drag link length.
WARNING: To correct steering wheel
deviations greater than±5°. Remove and
reposition steering wheel.
See Steering
Wheel

57STEERING
2
SPECIFICATIONS, TORQUE TORQUE VALUES
NOTE: Torque wrenches should be regularly checked for accuracy to ensure that all fixings are
tightened to the correct torque.
Nm
Ball joint nuts 40..............................................................................................
Clamp bolt nuts 14..........................................................................................
Steering column bracket nuts 22....................................................................
Steering wheel nut 50.....................................................................................
Tie bar to mounting nut 110.............................................................................
Universal joint pinch bolt 25............................................................................
PAS box
Adjuster locknut 60.................................................................................
Drop arm nut 176....................................................................................
Sector shaft cover to steering box 75.....................................................
Steering box to chassis 81.....................................................................
Steering box fluid pipes 14mm thread 15...............................................
Steering box fluid pipes 16mm thread 20...............................................
Tie bar 81...............................................................................................
PAS pump
High pressure fluid pipe 20.....................................................................
Power steering pump mounting 35.........................................................
Pulley bolts, power steering pump 10....................................................
Hose clamp 3........................................................................................
Front mounting plate bolts 9..................................................................
PAS reservoir
Hose clamp 3........................................................................................
* Torque values below are for all screws and bolts used except for those that are specified otherwise.
METRIC Nm
M5 6......................................................................................................
M6 9......................................................................................................
M8 25.....................................................................................................
M10 45...................................................................................................
M12 90...................................................................................................
M14 105..................................................................................................
M16 180..................................................................................................
UNC / UNF
1/4 9......................................................................................................
5/16 24...................................................................................................
3/8 39.....................................................................................................
7/16 78...................................................................................................
1/2 90.....................................................................................................
5/8 136....................................................................................................

BRAKES
3
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Description of components
1. ABS Modulator unit
To provide the ABS function a Modulator is positioned
within the system between the master cylinder and the
calipers. On both LHD and RHD vehicles it is sited on
the left inner wing [fender]. The Modulator has 8
solenoid valves, 2 for each wheel, 2 expanders and a
recirculation pump. It is non serviceable.
2. Servo/master cylinder
Actuation of the system is provided by a combined
master cylinder and servo assembly attached to the
pedal box, this provides pressure to opposed piston
calipers at each brake pad Twin piston at the front
axle, single piston at the rear.
3. Pressure reducing valve
To maintain the braking balance, pressure to the rear
axle is regulated by a Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV)
This PRV is of the failure bypass type, allowing full
system pressure to the rear axle in the event of a front
circuit failure. It is sited on the left inner wing [fender].
4. Electronic control unit - ECU
ABS control is provided by an electronic control unit
which is positioned on the passenger side of the
vehicle behind the dash panel/glove box.
The ECU, which is non-serviceable, is connected to
the ABS harness by a 35 way connector. non
serviceable.
The ECU continually monitors the brake system,
providing diagnostics in the event of a system
malfunction. Details of how to access the ECU
diagnostics are provided in the Electrical
Troubleshooting Manual.
5.& 6. Front and rear sensors/exciter rings - 4 off
A sensor is sited at each wheel, sensing a 60 tooth
exciter ring. When vehicle is in motion inductive
sensors send signals to ECU. Front exciter ring is
fitted to outside diameter of constant velocity joint
inside each front hub assembly. The rear exciter ring
is bolted to the rear of each brake disc bell.7. Diagnostic plug connection
A diagnostic plug is located behind the dash. To the
left of the steering column on LHD vehicles. To the
right of the steering column on RHD vehicles. It is a 5
way blue connector.
The location and identification of ABS electrical relays
are given in the Electrical Troubleshooting Manual.
For location and identification of ABS electrical fuses.
See ELECTRICAL, Repair, Fuse Box - Interioror.
See ELECTRICAL, Repair, Fuse Box - Engine
Compartment
ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM - ABS
Manufactured by WABCO
Introduction
The purpose of ABS is to prevent vehicle wheels
locking during brake application, thus maintaining
vehicle steerability and stability. This allows vehicle to
be steered whilst brakes are applied, even under
emergency conditions, and to avoid obstacles where
there is sufficient space to redirect the vehicle.
WARNING: ABS is an aid to retaining
steering control and stability while
braking.
·ABS cannot defy the natural laws of physics
acting on the vehicle.
·ABS will not prevent accidents resulting from
excessive cornering speeds, following
another vehicle too closely or aquaplaning,
i.e. where a layer of water prevents adequate
contact between tyre and road surface.
·The additional control provided by ABS must
never be exploited in a dangerous or
reckless manner which could jeopardise the
safety of driver or other road users.
·The fitting of ABS does not imply that the
vehicle will always stop in a shorter stopping
distance.

BRAKES
1
FAULT DIAGNOSIS ABS FAULT DIAGNOSIS
If a fault has occurred, or has been identified by ECU
self diagnostic function and ABS warning light is
illuminated. The system and components must be
checked to locate and rectify fault, using Testbook
diagnostics.
NOTE: If warning lamp has indicated a
fault in system, and no fault code has been
stored in memory, cause of fault is:
a) Failure in electrical supply
b) Bad ECU ground
c) Faulty warning light relay
d) ECU not connected
Before commencing fault diagnosis procedure
following items must be checked:
1.Inspect all exposed cables for damage or
abrasion.
2.Check ground on ABS system.
3.Battery - state of charge.
4.Check hub end-float.
5.All ABS fuses and electrical connections.
Fault rectification
1.Complete harness should be replaced if faults
are found in wiring harness.
2.DO NOT use unspecified cables or connectors,
as this could jeopardise safe function of ABS.
3.DO NOT attempt to open sealed 35 way
connector to ECU.FAULT DIAGNOSIS PROCEDURE
NOTE: If ABS warning light illuminates due
to large sensor air gap, fault will be
retained by the ECU memory. Where wheel
sensors have been pushed fully home prior to
test, The ECU will indicate a fault that has been
rectified.
NOTE: After any steering adjustment,
bearing replacement/adjustment, brake
disc replacement: Check hub end-float and
sensor clearance.
RELAYS AND FUSES ABS
The location and identification of ABS electrical relays
are given in the Electrical Troubleshooting Manual
For location and identification of ABS electrical fuses.
See ELECTRICAL, Repair, Fuse Box - Interioror.
See ELECTRICAL, Repair, Fuse Box - Engine
Compartment

WHEELS AND TYRES
1
FAULT DIAGNOSIS TYRE WEAR CHART
FAULT CAUSE REMEDY
Rapid wear at Tyres under-inflated Inflate to correct pressure
shoulders Worn suspension components Replace worn components
i.e. ball joints, panhard
rod bushes,steering damper
Excessive cornering speeds
Rapid wear at
centreTyres over-inflated Inflate to correct pressure
of tread
Wear at one
shoulderTrack out of adjustment Adjust track to correct figure
Bent panhard rod Check and replace worn or damaged
components
Bald spots or tyre Wheel out of balance Balance wheel and tyre
cupping assembly
Excessive radial runout Check runout and replace tyre
if necessary
Shock absorber worn Replace shock
Excessive braking
Tyre scalloped Track out of adjustment Adjust toe to correct figure
Worn suspension components Replace as necessary
Excessive cornering speeds
CAUTION: This diagnosis chart is for general guidance only and does not necessarily include
every cause of abnormal tyre wear.

74WHEELS AND TYRES
2
FAULT DIAGNOSIS FAULT - SYMPTOMS
Vibration through steering wheel
1.Check tyre pressures.
See Repair, Tyre
Pressures
2.Check condition of tyres.See Tyre Wear Chart
3.Check front wheel alignment.See STEERING,
Adjustment, Front Wheel Alignment
4.Check wheel balance.See Repair, Wheel
Balancing
NOTE: In the event that any apparent
vibration is not eliminated at this stage.
See PROPELLER SHAFTS, Fault
diagnosis, Vibration Harshness
NOTE: In the event that any apparent
vibration is not eliminated at this stage, go
to steering Fault Diagnosis, Fault -
Symptom (Steering vibration, road wheel
shimmy/wobble).
See STEERING, Fault diagnosis,
Steering Faults
NOTE: Radial ply tyres have a flexible
sidewall, which produces a sidewall bulge
making the tyre appear under-inflated.
This is a normal condition for radial ply tyres. Do
not attempt to reduce this bulge by over-inflating
the tyre.
1. Correct inflation.
2. Under-inflation.
3. Over-inflation.
4. Tread contact with road.

74WHEELS AND TYRES
2
REPAIR When the indicators appear in two or more adjacent
grooves, at three locations around the tyre, a new tyre
must be fitted.
NOTE: Do not attempt to interchange
tyres, e.g. from front to rear, as tyre wear
produces characteristic patterns
depending on their position. If tyre position is
changed after wear has occured, the performance
of the tyre will be adversely affected.
NOTE: Territorial vehicle regulations
governing tyre wear MUST be adhered to.
WHEELS INSPECTION
Regularly check the condition of the wheels. Replace
any wheel that is bent, cracked, dented or has
excessive runout.
VALVES INSPECTION
Check condition of inflation valve. Replace any valve
that is worn, cracked, loose, or leaking air.TYRE PRESSURES
Maximum tyre life and performance will be
obtained only if tyres are maintained at the correct
pressures.
Tyre pressures must be checked at least once a
month and at least once a week, preferably daily, if
the vehicle is used off road.
The tyre inflation pressure is calculated to give the
vehicle satisfactory ride and steering characteristics
without compromising tyre tread life. For
recommended tyre pressures in all conditions.
See
GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA, Information,
Wheels and Tyres
American vehicles - A label attached to the inside
edge of the driver's door also provides tyre pressure
information.
Always check tyre inflation pressures using an
accurate gauge and inflate tyres to the
recommended pressures only.
Check and adjust tyre pressuresONLYwhen the
tyres are cold, vehicle parked for three hours or more,
or driven for less than 3.2 km (2 miles) at speeds
below 64 km/h (40 mph). Do not reduce inflation
pressures if the tyres are hot or the vehicle has been
driven for more than 3.2 km (2 miles) at speeds over
64 km/h (40 mph), as pressures can increase by 0.41
bars (6 p.s.i) over cold inflation pressures.
CheckALLtyre pressures including the spare. Refit
the valve caps as they form a positive seal and keep
dust out of the valve.

SUPPLEMENTARY RESTRAINT SYSTEM
3
FAULT DIAGNOSIS
4.Airbag modules
A- If defective, replace and dispose of the entire unit
as directed in the instructions. Under no
circumstances should a diagnosis be performed using
electrically powered test equipment or probing
devices.
B- Tampering or mishandling can result in personal
injury. For special handling instruction refer to the
Workshop manual. This airbag module cannot be
repaired. Use diagnostic instructions to determine if
the unit is defective.
C- ROVER Bar code - The code number must be
recorded if the airbag module is to be replaced.
5.Steering wheel
Refer to the Owner's Handbook for information
on the airbag system.