battery LINCOLN AVIATOR 2023 Service Manual

• Keep the tires properly inflated and only
use the recommended size.
• Aggressive driving increases the amount
of energy required to move your vehicle.
In general, you can achieve better fuel
economy with mild to moderate
acceleration and deceleration. Moderate
braking is particularly important since it
allows you to maximize the energy
captured by the regenerative braking
system.
Additional Tips:
• Do not carry extra loads.
• Be mindful of adding external
accessories that may increase
aerodynamic drag.
• Observe posted speed limits.
• Perform all scheduled maintenance.
• There is no need to wait for your engine
to warm up. The vehicle is ready to drive
immediately after starting.PLUG-IN HYBRID VEHICLE
OPERATION
Regularly plug in your vehicle to get optimal
electric-only range capability from the high
voltage battery. Charging your vehicle adds
electrical energy. This energy propels the
vehicle.
Estimated electric-only driving range shows
in blue next to the gasoline range on the
information display.
The system maximizes the use of
electric-only operation in normal drive mode.
System conditions could require the engine
to operate, however, the system uses the
available electric range whenever possible.
In Pure EV drive mode, your vehicle only
uses electric power unless you enable the
engine, or system conditions require the
engine to operate.Preserve EV drive mode saves the electric
range for later use. If you select this mode
and the battery is at full or near full charge,
it uses some electric-only range to discharge
the battery. This allows the regenerative
braking system to fully operate. If the battery
charge is low when selecting Preserve EV
mode, the engine charges the high voltage
battery to a minimum level. This provides
additional electric driving range. When the
battery charges to this level, Preserve EV
saves the electric range for later use.
Other drive modes appropriately make use
of electric power to help deliver the selected
drive mode experience. It could use available
electric-only range, if needed. See What Is
Drive Mode Control (page 343).
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Unique Driving Characteristics

When the electric-only range reaches zero,
the powertrain system switches to hybrid
operation. This means the energy you gain
from plugging in and charging your vehicle
is now gone. Both the gasoline engine and
electric motor power your vehicle and
maximize fuel economy during hybrid
operation. Hybrid operation provides some
electric-only driving as the powertrain system
maintains the high voltage battery charge
level within functional limits.Low Engine Use
The low engine use mode properly lubricates
the engine at sufficient temperature and
activates when you drive your vehicle with
limited engine operation. When in low engine
use mode, your vehicle runs the engine as
necessary. When low engine use mode
begins, a message appears in the information
display. If low engine use mode does not
complete before you switch your vehicle off,
it continues the next time you start your
vehicle and the message reappears. See
Information Messages (page 142).Pure EV mode is not available during low
engine use mode.
Note:Cold temperatures affect the engine
warm up time and the low engine use mode
could operate more frequently.
Note:An oil change is not required but gives
you the option of not running a low engine
use cycle. Resetting the oil life monitoring
system suspends the low engine use mode.
220
Unique Driving Characteristics

HYBRID VEHICLE FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Answer Question
The high voltage battery is electrically isolated from the rest of the
vehicle when the ignition is off. When you switch the ignition on, the
high voltage contacts inside the battery are closed. This makes the
electricity available to the motor and generator and allows your vehicle
to proceed. The clicks are the sound of these contacts as they close
and open during start up and shut down. What are the series of clicks from the cargo area when I switch the
ignition on?
The vehicle's computer determines if an engine start is required at
key-on. Silent key starts the engine if it is necessary for cabin heating,
windshield defrost, or if the outside temperature is low. Why does the engine sometimes start at key-on?
There are several reasons the engine stays on for an extended amount
of time when you first start it. One common reason is to make sure
that the emission's components are warm enough to minimize tailpipe
emissions. As the climate gets cooler, this engine-on time is extended. Why does it take a long time before the engine shuts down?
221
Unique Driving Characteristics

Answer Question
In order to make sure that the climate control system can begin heating
the cabin or defrosting the windshield as soon as you request it, the
engine coolant temperature has to be kept sufficiently hot. Keeping
the engine on is required to maintain the correct coolant temperature. Why does my engine stay on when it is extremely cold outside?
Your hybrid vehicle can use E15 fuel (15% ethanol, 85% gasoline), but
you could notice slightly reduced fuel economy because ethanol
contains less energy per gallon than gasoline. Your hybrid vehicle is
not designed to use E85 (85% ethanol). Can I put E15 or E85 in my vehicle, and how will it affect my fuel
economy?
The high voltage battery system is designed to last the life of the
vehicle and requires no maintenance. How long will my high voltage battery last? Does it need maintenance?
222
Unique Driving Characteristics

If the service engine soon indicator remains
on, have your vehicle serviced at the first
available opportunity. Although some
malfunctions detected by the OBD-II may not
have symptoms that are apparent, continued
driving with the service engine soon indicator
on can result in increased emissions, lower
fuel economy, reduced engine and
transmission smoothness and lead to more
costly repairs.
Readiness for Inspection and
Maintenance (I/M) Testing
Some state and provincial and local
governments may have
Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) programs to
inspect the emission control equipment on
your vehicle. Failure to pass this inspection
could prevent you from getting a vehicle
registration.
If the service engine soon indicator
is on or the bulb does not work,
your vehicle may need service.
See On-Board Diagnostics.Your vehicle may not pass the I/M test if the
service engine soon indicator is on or not
working properly (bulb is burned out), or if
the OBD-II system has determined that some
of the emission control systems have not
been properly checked. In this case, the
vehicle is not ready for I/M testing.
If the vehicle’s engine or transmission has
just been serviced, or the battery has
recently run down or been replaced, the
OBD-II system may indicate that the vehicle
is not ready for I/M testing. To determine if
the vehicle is ready for I/M testing, turn the
ignition key to the on position for 15 seconds
without cranking the engine. If the service
engine soon indicator blinks eight times, it
means that the vehicle is not ready for I/M
testing; if the service engine soon indicator
stays on solid, it means that your vehicle is
ready for I/M testing.
The OBD-II system checks the emission
control system during normal driving. A
complete check may take several days.
If the vehicle is not ready for I/M testing, you
can perform the following driving cycle
consisting of mixed city and highway driving:1. 15 minutes of steady driving on an
expressway or highway followed by 20
minutes of stop-and-go driving with at
least four 30-second idle periods.
2. Allow your vehicle to sit for at least eight
hours with the ignition off. Then, start the
vehicle and complete the above driving
cycle. The vehicle must warm up to its
normal operating temperature. Once
started, do not turn off the vehicle until
the above driving cycle is complete.
If the vehicle is still not ready for I/M testing,
you need to repeat the above driving cycle.
237
Engine Emission Control

GENERAL INFORMATION
WARNING: This battery pack should
only be serviced by an authorized electric
vehicle technician. Improper handling can
result in personal injury or death.
WARNING: Apply the parking brake,
shift into park (P), switch the ignition off
and remove the key before you open the
hood or have any service or repair work
completed. If you do not switch the ignition
off, the engine could restart at any time.
Failure to follow this instruction could result
in personal injury or death.
WARNING: Do not touch the
electronic ignition system parts after you
have switched the ignition on or when the
engine is running. The system operates at
high voltage. Failure to follow this
instruction could result in serious personal
injury or death.
WARNING: Keep your hands and
clothing clear of the engine cooling fan.Your vehicle consists of various high-voltage
components and wiring. All of the
high-voltage power flows through specific
wiring assemblies labeled as such or covered
with a solid orange convolute, or orange
striped tape, or both. Do not come in contact
with these components.
The high-voltage battery system is a
high-voltage, lithium-ion battery system. The
pack is located underneath the vehicle. The
high voltage battery system uses an
advanced active liquid heating and cooling
system to regulate high voltage battery
temperature and help maximize the life of
the high voltage battery.
Note:The high-voltage battery does not
require regular service maintenance.
CHARGING THE HIGH VOLTAGE
BATTERY - PLUG-IN HYBRID
ELECTRIC VEHICLE (PHEV)
There are two different style chargers that
could be used for charging your vehicle.
Refer to the illustrations below to identify the
charger, and the instructions for use with the
specific type charger.
Charging Solution One (If Equipped)
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
WARNING: Do not use the
dual-voltage charging cord in commercial
garages.
WARNING: This equipment has
arcing or sparking parts. Do not expose to
flammable vapors. Position this equipment
at least 18 in (450 mm) above the floor.
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High Voltage Battery - Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

RISK OF FIRE or ELECTRIC SHOCK
WARNING: The AC wall plug must
fit firmly into the AC outlet. If the
connection feels loose, worn or the AC
outlet is damaged, please have a qualified
electrician replace the AC outlet. Using a
dual-voltage charging cord with a worn
outlet may cause burns, property damage
and increase the risk of electric shock or
fire.
WARNING: Do not use the
dual-voltage charging cord with an
extension cord, two-prong adapter, surge
protector, timer or other adapter. Failure
to follow this instruction could result in
electric shock or fire.
WARNING: Do not allow charging
equipment to be immersed in water or
liquids. Failure to follow this warning could
result in fire, electric shock, or serious
personal injury or death.
WARNING: Do not attempt to open
the charging equipment. Failure to follow
this instruction could result in personal
injury, fire, electric shock, death or property
damage.
WARNING: Do not use the charging
equipment if it is faulty or has been
damaged. Failure to follow this instruction
could result in personal injury, fire, electric
shock, death or property damage.
WARNING: You risk death, fire, or
serious injury to yourself and others if you
do not follow the instruction highlighted
by the warning symbol.
WARNING: Install charging
equipment in compliance with local
regulations. Failure to follow this warning
could result in fire, electric shock, serious
personal injury or death.
WARNING: Do not use an
ungrounded wall outlet. The wall outlet
must be in good condition and meet
up-to-date local codes. Have a qualified
electrician check the wall outlet, if you
suspect that it is not properly grounded.
Failure to follow this instruction could result
in electric shock, personal injury, or death.
WARNING: Do not modify the
dual-voltage charging cord plug. If the
dual-voltage charging cord plug does not
properly fit into the wall outlet, have a
qualified electrician install the correct wall
outlet. Failure to follow this instruction
could result in personal injury, fire, electric
shock, or death.
OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS
• Read all the instructions before using this
product.
• Supervise this device when in use around
children.
• Do not put fingers into the electric vehicle
connector.
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High Voltage Battery - Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

• Do not use this product if the flexible
power cord or electric vehicle cable has
broken insulation, or any other signs of
damage.
• Do not use this product if the enclosure
or the electric vehicle connector is
broken, cracked, open, or shows any
other indication of damage.
Note:Ground this product. If it malfunctions
or breaks down, grounding provides a path
of least resistance for electric current to
reduce the risk of electric shock. This product
comes with a cord having an equipment
grounding conductor and a grounding plug.
Make sure you plug it into an appropriate
outlet that is properly installed and grounded
in accordance with all local codes and
ordinances.Charging Equipment
36655E366554
Wall Plug. A
Control Box. B
Coupler. C
Your vehicle has a dual-voltage charging
cord in the luggage compartment.
Note:You need to plug the dual-voltage
charging cord into a dedicated outlet.Note:Firmly fit the AC wall plug into the AC
outlet. If the connection feels loose, worn or
the AC outlet is damaged, please have a
qualified electrician replace the AC outlet.
Using a dual-voltage charging cord with a
worn outlet could cause burns, property
damage and increase the risk of electric
shock.
Note:Do not use the dual-voltage charging
cord with an extension cord, two-prong
adapter, surge protector, timer or other
adapter.
Note:If charging for your plug-in vehicle fails,
please call the Customer Relationship
Center, or click on Call for support or Live
Chat at our website.
CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE-
Use a three-prong AC outlet that is properly
grounded, 15-20 amps or greater, and in
good condition. Use a dedicated line. You
cannot have other appliances connected to
the same circuit. If you do not use a
dedicated circuit, the circuit breaker could
trip or open. If you do not have a dedicated
circuit, contact a licensed professional
electrician for proper installation.
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High Voltage Battery - Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

Note:Make sure the electrical source meets
the requirements for the high-voltage
batteries to charge.
Make sure that the dual-voltage charging
cord is completely unwrapped before
charging. Always plug the cord into the AC
outlet before connecting the charged coupler
into the charge port on your vehicle.
Note:If the power indicator light is off after
plugging in the dual-voltage charging cord
and you cannot determine a charge status,
use a different outlet.
Note:Store the dual-voltage charging cord
in a clean dry place between the
temperature of -40–158°F (-40–70°C)
Note:For further information on the
dual-voltage charging cord, please refer to
the user manual provided with the
dual-voltage charging cord.Charge Port
The charge port is between the front
left-hand side door and the front left-hand
wheel well. To open, press the center right
edge of the charge port door, and then
release.
E295258
Note: Do not force the charge port door
open or closed. Forcing the door open or
closed damages the charge port.
The charge status indicator around the
charge port indicates the charge status of
the high voltage battery in your vehicle.Divided into five zones, the charge status
indicator displays the state of charge in 20
percent increments.
We use the color white as a courtesy light to
help with plugging in and to acknowledge
actions such as plugging in, unplugging or
pressing the charge times button.
Blue is used when you plug the vehicle in
and are either charging or waiting to charge.
Orange indicates charge faults.
Charge Times Button
Use the charge times button to either turn
off or turn on your charge times settings for
this location. Select charge settings on the
home page of your touchscreen or under the
vehicle settings menu to access charge
preferences. See SYNC™ 3 (page 507).
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High Voltage Battery - Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

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Charging
E306676To charge the high-voltage battery:
1. Put the vehicle in park (P).
2. Press the center right edge of the charge
port door and then release to open the
door.
3. Plug the charging coupler into the charge
port receptacle on your vehicle. Make
sure the button clicks confirming that you
have completely engaged the coupler.Note:Put your vehicle in park (P) to charge,
and for the charge status indicator to
illuminate.
Note:Pump and fan noise could be present
when charging the high voltage battery. The
pump and fan noise is normal as it circulates
liquid and keeps your high voltage battery
cool while charging.
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4. Verify that the cord acknowledgment
feature activates. This indicates the
beginning of a normal charge cycle. The
charge status indicator lights up each
zone alternately from bottom to top and
from bottom to top again.5. If using a charging station, follow the
instructions on the charge station to
begin the charging process.
The charge status indicator displays how far
along the charge is:
• When the bottom zone is pulsing, the
charge is between 0-20 percent.
• When the bottom zone illuminates and
the next is pulsing, the charge is between
20-40 percent.
• When two zones illuminate and the next
is pulsing, the charge is between 40-60
percent.
• When three zones illuminate and the next
is pulsing, the charge is between 60-80
percent.
• When four zones illuminate and the top
zone is pulsing, the charge is between
80-100 percent.
• When all zones illuminate, the charge is
100 percent.
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High Voltage Battery - Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)