snow chains MERCEDES-BENZ E-Class WAGON 2016 W213 Owner's Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: MERCEDES-BENZ, Model Year: 2016, Model line: E-Class WAGON, Model: MERCEDES-BENZ E-Class WAGON 2016 W213Pages: 350, PDF Size: 6.71 MB
Page 11 of 350
Setting the specified minimum
distance ......................................... 161
Stopping ........................................ 160
Doors
Automatic locking (on-board com-
puter) ............................................. 190
Automatic locking (switch) ............... 95
Central locking/unlocking
(SmartKey) ....................................... 90
Control panel ................................... 45
Display message ............................ 191
Emergency locking ........................... 96
Emergency unlocking ....................... 96
Important safety notes .................... 95
Opening (from inside) ...................... 95
Drinking and driving ......................... 153
Drive program
Automatic ...................................... 144
Display ........................................... 142
Display (DIRECT SELECT lever) ...... 143
Manual ........................................... 144
Manual (AMG vehicles) .................. 144
SETUP (on-board computer) .......... 190
Drive program selector ..................... 144
Driver's door
see Doors
Driving abroad
Mercedes-Benz Service ................. 266
Driving on flooded roads .................. 155
Driving safety systems
ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) ....... 75
ADAPTIVE BRAKE ............................. 84
Adaptive Brake Assist ...................... 80
BAS (Brake Assist System) .............. 76
BAS PLUS with Cross-Traffic
Assist ............................................... 76
COLLISION PREVENTION ASSIST
PLUS ................................................ 78
Distance warning function ............... 79
EBD (electronic brake force distri-
bution) ............................................. 84
ESP
®(Electronic Stability Pro-
gram) ............................................... 80
ETS/4ETS (Electronic Traction
System) ........................................... 81
Important safety information ........... 75
Overview .......................................... 75 PRE-SAFE
®Brake ............................. 84
STEER CONTROL ............................. 86
Driving systems
360°camera .................................. 173
Active Blind Spot Assist ................. 180
Active Driving Assistance pack-
age ................................................. 180
Active Lane Keeping Assist ............ 183
Active Parking Assist ..................... 170
AIRMATIC ...................................... 166
AMG adaptive sport suspension
system ........................................... 167
ATTENTION ASSIST ........................ 175
Blind Sp
ot Assist ............................ 178
Cruise control ................................ 155
Display message ............................ 191
DISTRONIC PLUS ........................... 156
DISTRONIC PLUS with Steering
Assist and Stop&Go Pilot ............... 163
HOLD function ............................... 165
Lane Keeping Assist ...................... 179
Lane Tracking package .................. 177
PARKTRONIC ................................. 168
RACE START (AMG vehicles) .......... 166
Rear view camera .......................... 171
Traffic Sign Assist .......................... 176
Driving tips
AMG ceramic brakes ..................... 154
Automatic transmission ................. 144
Brakes ........................................... 154
Break-in period .............................. 136
Downhill gradient ........................... 154
Drinking and driving ....................... 153
Driving in winter ............................. 155
Driving on flooded roads ................ 155
Driving on wet roads ...................... 155
Exhaust check ............................... 154
Fuel ................................................ 153
General .......................................... 153
Hydroplaning ................................. 155
Icy road surfaces ........................... 155
Limited braking efficiency on sal-
ted roads ....................................... 154
Snow chains .................................. 291
Wet road surface ........................... 154
DVD video
Operating (on-board computer) ..... 190
Index9
Page 21 of 350
Setting the timesee also Digital Operator's Man-
ual .................................................. 214
Settings
Factory (on-board computer) ......... 190
On-board computer ....................... 190
SETUP (on-board computer) .............190
Side impact air bag .............................5 6
Side marker lamp (display mes-
sage) ................................................... 191
Side windows
Cleaning ......................................... 268
Important safety information ......... 104
Opening/closing (all) ..................... 105
Opening/closing (front) ................. 105
Problem (malfunction) ................... 106
Resetting ....................................... 105
SIRIUS services
see also Digital Operator's Man-
ual .................................................. 214
Sliding sunroof
Important safety notes .................. 106
Opening/closing ............................ 107
Problem (malfunction) ................... 111
Resetting ....................................... 108
see Panorama roof with power
tilt/sliding panel
SmartKey
Changing the battery ....................... 93
Changing the programming ............. 92
Checking the battery ....................... 93
Display message ............................ 191
Door central locking/unlocking ....... 90
Important safety notes .................... 90
Loss ................................................. 94
Mechanical key ................................ 92
Overview .......................................... 90
Positions (ignition lock) ................. 137
Problem (malfunction) ..................... 94
Starting the engine ........................ 140
SMS
see also Digital Operator's Man-
ual .................................................. 214
Snow chains ...................................... 291
Sockets
Center console .............................. 251
General notes ................................ 251
Luggage compartment ................... 251 Rear compartment ......................... 251
Spare wheel
Stowing .......................................... 330
Special seat belt retractor .................. 69
Specialist workshop ............................ 31
Speed, controlling
see Cru ise co
ntrol
Speedometer
In the Instrument cluster ................. 37
Segments ...................................... 188
Selecting the unit of measure-
ment .............................................. 190
see Instrument cluster
SPORT handling mode
Activating/deactivating (AMG
vehicles) .......................................... 82
Warning lamp ................................. 207
Standing lamps
Display message ............................ 191
Switching on/off ........................... 121
Start/stop function
see ECO start/stop function
Starting (engine) ................................ 139
STEER CONTROL .................................. 86
Steering (display message) .............. 201
Steering Assist and Stop&Go Pilot
(DISTRONIC PLUS)
Activating/deactivating ................. 190
Display message ............................ 191
Steering assistant STEER CON-
TROL
see STEER CONTROL
Steering wheel
Adjusting (electrically) ................... 117
Button overview ............................... 39
Buttons (on-board computer) ......... 189
Important safety notes .................. 117
Paddle shifters ............................... 144
Steering wheel heating .................. 117
Storing settings (memory func-
tion) ............................................... 117
Steering wheel (cleaning instruc-
tions) .................................................. 268
Steering wheel heating
Switching on/off ........................... 117
Steering wheel paddle shifters ........ 144
Stopwatch (RACETIMER) ................... 190
Index19
Page 25 of 350
Vehicle dimensions........................... 344
Vehicle emergency locking ................ 96
Vehicle identification number
see VIN
Vehicle identification plate .............. 336
Vehicle level
AIRMATIC ...................................... 166
Vehicle maintenance
see ASSYST PLUS
Vehicle tool kit .................................. 270
Video
see also Digital Operator's Man-
ual .................................................. 214
Video (DVD) ........................................ 190
VIN
Seat ............................................... 336
Type plate ...................................... 336
Voice Control System
see Separate operating instructions
W
Warning and indicator lampsABS ................................................ 205
Brakes ........................................... 204
Check Engine ................................. 202
Coolant .......................................... 209
Distance warning ........................... 210
ESP
®.............................................. 206
ESP®OFF ....................................... 207
Fuel tank ........................................ 202
General notes ................................ 202
Overview .......................................... 38
PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF ............... 49
Reserve fuel ................................... 202
Restraint system ............................ 208
Seat belt ........................................ 202
SPORT handling mode ................... 207
Tire pressure monitor .................... 211
Warranty .............................................. 28
Washer fluid
Display message ............................ 191
Wheel and tire combination
see Tires
Wheel bolt tightening torque ........... 313
Wheel chock ...................................... 310
Wheels
Changing a wheel .......................... 309 Checking ........................................ 289
Cleaning ......................................... 268
Emergency spare wheel ................. 329
General notes ................................ 314
Important safety notes .................. 288
Information on driving .................... 288
Interchanging/changing ................ 309
Mounting a new wheel ................... 313
Mounting a wheel .......................... 309
Removing a wheel .......................... 312
Storing ........................................... 309
Tightening torque ........................... 313
Wheel size/tire size ....................... 314
Window curtain air bag
Operation ......................................... 57
Windows
see Side windows
Windshield
Defrosting ...................................... 133
Windshield washer fluid
see Windshield washer system
Windshield washer system
Adding washer fluid ....................... 266
Important safety notes .................. 343
Windshield wipers
Problem (malfunction) ................... 127
Rear window wiper ........................ 125
Replacing the wiper blades ............ 125
Switching on/off ........................... 125
Winter driving
Important safety notes .................. 290
Slippery road surfaces ................... 155
Snow chains .................................. 291
Winter operation
Radiator cove r ............................... 263
Wi
nter tires
M+S tires ....................................... 290
Wiper blades
Cleaning ......................................... 268
Important safety notes .................. 125
Replacing (rear window) ................ 126
Replacing (windshield) ................... 126
Wooden trim (cleaning instruc-
tions) .................................................. 268
Workshop
see Qualified specialist workshop
Index23
Page 77 of 350
ation is possible using the switches in the
rear compartment.
Pets in the vehicle
GWARNING
If you leave animals unattended or unsecured
in the veh icle, they could press buttons or
swit ches, for example.
As a result, they co uld:
Ractivate vehicle equipment and become
tr apped, for example
Ractivate or deactivate systems, there by
endangering other road users
Unsecured animals could also beflung around
the veh icle inthe event of an acc ident or sud-
den steering or braking, there byinjuring veh i-
cle occupants. There isa risk of an acc ident
and injury.
Never leave animals unattended inthe veh i-
cle. Alwa ys secure animals properly during
the journey, e.g. use a suitable animal trans-
port box.
Driving safety systems
Overview of driving safety systems
In this section, you will find information about
the following driving safety systems:
RABS (Anti-lock Braking System)
(
Ypage 75)
RBAS (B rakeAssist System) (Ypage 76)
RBAS PLUS (B rakeAssist System PLUS) with
Cross-Traffic Assist (
Ypage 76)
RCOLLISION PREVENTION ASSIST PLUS
(distance warning function and Adaptive
Brake Assist) (
Ypage 78)
RESP®( Electronic StabilityProgram)
(
Ypage 80)
REBD (Electronic Brake force Distribution)
(
Ypage 84)
RADAPTIVE BRAKE (Ypage 84)
RPRE-SAFE®Brake (Ypage 84)
RSTEER CONTROL (Ypage 86)
Important safety notes
If you fail to adapt your driving style or if you
are inattentive, the driving safety systems can
neither reduce the risk of an accident nor
override the laws of physics. Driving safety
systems are merely aids designed to assist
driving. You are responsible for maintaining
the distance to the vehicle in front, for vehicle
speed, for braking in good time, and for stay-
ing in lane. Always adapt your driving style to
suit the prevailing road and weather condi-
tions and maintain a safe distance from the
vehicle in front. Drive carefully.
The driving safety systems described only
work as effectively as possible when there is
adequate contact between the tires and the
road surface. Pay particular attention to the
information regarding tires, recommended
minimum tire tread depths etc. in the "Wheels
and tires" section (
Ypage 288).
In wintry driving conditions, always use winter
tires (M+S tires) and if necessary, snow
chains. Only in this way will the driving safety
systems described in this section work as
effectively as possible.
ABS (Anti-lock Braking System)
General information
ABS regulates brake pressure in such a way
that the wheels do not lock when you brake.
This allows you to continue steering the vehi-
cle when braking.
The yellow !ABS warning lamp in the
instrument cluster lights up when the ignition
is switched on. It goes out when the engine is running.
Driving safety systems75
Safety
Z
Page 84 of 350
You can select between the following states
of ESP®:
RESP®is activated.
RESP®is deactivated.
GWARNING
If you deactivate ESP
®, ESP®no longer sta-
bilizes the vehicle. There is an increased risk
of skidding and an accident.
Only deactivate ESP
®in the situations descri-
bed in the following.
!Avoid spinning the driven wheels for an
extended period with ESP®deactivated.
You could otherwise damage the drivetrain.
It may be best to deactivate ESP
®in the fol-
lowing situations:
Rwhen using snow chains
Rin deep snow
Ron sand or gravel
iActivate ESP®as soon as the situations
described above no longer apply. ESP®will
otherwise not be able to stabilize the vehi-
cle if the vehicle starts to skid or a wheel
starts to spin.
Deactivating/activating ESP
®
You can deactivate or activate ESP®via the
on-board computer (
Ypage 190).
ESP
®deactivated:
The å ESP
®OFF warning lamp in the
instrument cluster lights up.
ESP
®activated:
The å ESP
®OFF warning lamp in the
instrument cluster goes out.
Characteristics when ESP
®is deactivated
If ESP
®is deactivated and one or more wheels
start to spin, the ÷ESP®warning lamp in
the instrument cluster flashes. In such situa-
tions, ESP
®will not stabilize the vehicle. If you deactivate ESP
®:
RESP®no longer improves driving stability.
Rengine torque is no longer limited and the
drive wheels are able to spin.
The spinning of the wheels results in a cut-
ting action for better traction on loose sur-
faces.
Rtraction control is still activated.
RESP®still provides support when you
brake.
Deactivating/activating ESP®(AMG
vehicles)
Important safety notes
iObserve the "Important safety notes" sec-
tion (
Ypage 75).
You can select between the following states
of ESP
®:
RESP®is activated.
RSPORT handling mode is activated.
RESP®is deactivated.
GWARNING
When SPORT handling mode is activated,
there is a greater risk of skidding and acci-
dents.
Only activate SPORT handling mode in the sit-
uations described in the following.
GWARNING
If you deactivate ESP
®, ESP®no longer sta-
bilizes the vehicle. There is an increased risk
of skidding and an accident.
Only deactivate ESP
®in the situations descri-
bed in the following.
!Avoid spinning the driven wheels for an
extended period with ESP®deactivated.
You could otherwise damage the drivetrain.
82Driving safety systems
Safety
Page 85 of 350
In the following situations, it may be better to
activate SPORT handling mode or deactivate
ESP
®:
Rwhen using snow chains
Rin deep snow
Ron sand or gravel
Ron specially designated roads when the
vehicle's own oversteering and understeer- ing characteristics are desired
Driving in SPORT handling mode or without
ESP
®requires an extremely qualified and
experienced driver.
iActivate ESP®as soon as the situations
described above no longer apply. ESP®will
otherwise not be able to stabilize the vehi-
cle if the vehicle starts to skid or a wheel
starts to spin.
Deactivating/activating ESP
®
XTo activate SPORT handling mode:
briefly press button :.
The M SPORT handling mode warning
lamp in the instrument cluster lights up.
The SPORT handling mode
message
appears in the multifunction display.
XTo deactivate SPORT handling mode:
briefly press button :.
The M SPORT handling mode warning
lamp in the instrument cluster goes out.
XTo deactivate ESP®: press button :until
the å ESP®OFF warning lamp lights up
in the instrument cluster.
The ÷ OFF
message appears in the mul-
tifunction display.
XTo activate ESP®: briefly press button :.
The å ESP®OFF warning lamp in the
instrument cluster goes out. The ÷ON
message appears in the multifunction dis-
play.
Characteristics of activated SPORT han-
dling mode
If SPORT handling mode is activated and one
or more wheels start to spin, the ÷ESP
®
warning lamp in the instrument cluster
flashes. ESP®only stabilizes the vehicle to a
limited degree.
When SPORT handling mode is activated:
RESP®only improves driving stability to a
limited degree.
Rtraction control is still activated.
Rengine torque is restricted to a limited
degree and the drive wheels are able to
spin.
The spinning of the wheels results in a cut-
ting action for better traction on loose sur-
faces.
RESP®still provides support when you brake
firmly.
Characteristics when ESP
®is deactivated
If ESP
®is deactivated and one or more wheels
start to spin, the ÷ESP®warning lamp in
the instrument cluster does not flash. In such
situations, ESP
®will not stabilize the vehicle.
If you deactivate ESP
®:
RESP®no longer improves driving stability.
Rengine torque is restricted to a limited
degree and the drive wheels are able to
spin.
The spinning of the wheels results in a cut-
ting action for better traction on loose sur-
faces.
Rtraction control is still activated.
RPRE-SAFE®is no longer available, nor is it
activated if you brake firmly and ESP®
intervenes.
Driving safety systems83
Safety
Z
Page 169 of 350
clearance, even with a laden vehicle. Further
general information on the vehicle level can
be found in the Digital Operator's Manual.
Setting the vehicle level
Select the "Normal" setting for normal road
surfaces and "Raised" for driving with snow
chains or on particularly poor road surfaces.
Your selection remains stored even if you
remove the SmartKey from the ignition lock.
Setting raised level
XStart the engine.
If indicator lamp :is not lit:
XPress the ;button.
Indicator lamp :lights up. The vehicle
height is adjusted to raised level.
The Vehicle Rising
message appears in
the display.
The "Raised level" setting is canceled if you:
Rdrive at a speed over approximately 75 mph
(120 km/h)
Rdrive for approximately three minutes at a
speed over 50 mph (80 km/h).
The "Raised level" remains active when you
are not driving within these speed ranges.
Setting the normal level
XStart the engine.
If indicator lamp :is lit:
XPress button ;.
Indicator lamp :goes out. The vehicle is
adjusted to normal level.
Suspension tuning
General notes
You can find information about this in the
Digital Operator's Manual.
AMG adaptive sport suspension sys-
tem
Information in the Digital Operator's
Manual
In the Digital Operator's Manual you will find
information on the following topics:
RVehicle level
RRear axle level control
RSuspension tuning
Important safety notes
GWARNING
When the vehicle is being lowered, people
could become trapped if their limbs are
between the vehicle body and the wheels or
underneath the vehicle. There is a risk of
injury.
Make sure no one is underneath the vehicle or
in the immediate vicinity of the wheel arches
when the vehicle is being lowered.
GWARNING
Vehicles with level control:
The vehicle is slightly lowered if:
Ryou have selected comfort suspension tun-
ing and
Ryou lock the vehicle within approximately
60 seconds of switching off the engine
You and people in the vicinity of the wheel
arch or the underbody may thus become trap-
ped. There is a risk of injury.
Make sure that nobody is in the vicinity of the
wheel arch or the underbody when you lock
the vehicle.
Driving systems167
Driving and parking
Z
Page 170 of 350
!The vehicle is lowered by about 0.8 in
(20 mm) if:
Ryou have selected "Comfortable tuning"
Ryou switch off the engine and then
Ryou lock the vehicle within approximately
60 seconds
When parking, position your vehicle so that
it does not make contact with the curb as
the vehicle is lowered. Your vehicle could
otherwise be damaged.
Vehicle level
Important safety notes
GWARNING
When the vehicle is being lowered, people
could become trapped if their limbs are
between the vehicle body and the wheels or
underneath the vehicle. There is a risk of
injury.
Make sure no one is underneath the vehicle or
in the immediate vicinity of the wheel arches
when the vehicle is being lowered.
The vehicle may be lowered if you press the
suspension setting selector button or the
AMG button. The vehicle also lowers if it is
stationary.
!If Sport or Sport + suspension tuning has
been selected, the vehicle's ground clear-
ance decreases. Make sure that no objects
become trapped or that the vehicle does
not become damaged, for example, on the
curb.
iThe vehicle level may change visibly at the
rear axle if you park the vehicle and the
outside temperature changes. If the tem-
perature drops, the vehicle level lowers;
with an increase in temperature, the vehi-
cle level rises.
4MATIC (permanent four-wheel drive)
If you fail to adapt your driving style, 4MATIC
can neither reduce the risk of accident nor override the laws of physics. 4MATIC cannot
take account of road, weather and traffic con-
ditions. 4MATIC is only an aid. You are
responsible for the distance to the vehicle in
front, for vehicle speed, for braking in good
time and for staying in your lane.
If a drive wheel spins due to insufficient grip:
ROnly depress the accelerator pedal as far as
necessary when pulling away.
RAccelerate less when driving.
!Never tow the vehicle with one axle
raised. This may damage the transfer case.
Damage of this sort is not covered by the
Mercedes-Benz Limited Warranty. All
wheels must remain either on the ground or be fully raised. Observe the instructions for
towing the vehicle with all wheels in full
contact with the ground.
iIn wintry driving conditions, the maximum
effect of 4MATIC can only be achieved if
you use winter tires (M+S tires), with snow
chains if necessary.
4MATIC ensures that all four wheels are per-
manently driven. Together with ESP
®, it
improves the traction of your vehicle when-
ever a drive wheel spins due to insufficient
grip.
PARKTRONIC
Important safety notes
PARKTRONIC is an electronic parking aid with
ultrasonic sensors. It monitors the area
around your vehicle using six sensors in the
front bumper and six sensors in the rear
bumper. PARKTRONIC indicates visually and
audibly the distance between your vehicle
and an object.
PARKTRONIC is only an aid. It is not a replace-
ment for your attention to your immediate
surroundings. You are always responsible for
safe maneuvering, parking and exiting a park- ing space. When maneuvering, parking or
pulling out of a parking space, make sure that
168Driving systems
Driving and parking
Page 173 of 350
Active Parking Assist may possibly indicate
parking spaces which are not suitable for
parking, for example:
Rwhere parking or stopping is prohibited
Rin front of driveways or entrances and exits
Ron unsuitable surfaces
Parking tips:
ROn narrow roads, drive as close to the park-
ing space as possible.
RParking spaces that are littered or over-
grown might be identified or measured
incorrectly.
RParking spaces that are partially occupied
by trailer drawbars might not be identified
as such or be measured incorrectly.
RSnowfall or heavy rain may lead to a parking
space being measured inaccurately.
RPay attention to the PARKTRONIC
(
Ypage 170 )warning messages during the
parking procedure.
RYou can intervene in the steering procedure
to correct it at any time. Active Parking
Assist will then be canceled.
RWhen transporting a load which protrudes
from your vehicle, you should not use
Active Parking Assist.
RNever use Active Parking Assist when snow
chains are installed.
RMake sure that the tire pressures are
always correct. This has a direct influence
on the parking characteristics of the vehi-
cle.
Use Active Parking Assist for parking spaces:
Rparallel or at right angles to the direction of
travel
Rthat are on straight roads, not bends
Rthat are on the same level as the road, e.g.
not on the pavement
Information in the Digital Operator's
Manual
In the Digital Operator's Manual you will find
information on the following topics:
RDetecting parking spaces
RParking
RExiting a parking space
RCanceling Active Parking Assist
Rear view camera
General notes
Example :Sedan
Rear view camera :is an optical parking and
maneuvering aid. It shows the area behind
your vehicle with guidelines in the Audio 20 or
COMAND display.
The area behind the vehicle is displayed as a
mirror image, as in the rear view mirror.
iThe text shown in the Audio 20 or
COMAND display depends on the language
setting. The following are examples of rear
view camera messages in the COMAND
display.
Important safety notes
The rear view camera is only an aid. It is not a
replacement for your attention to your imme- diate surroundings. You are always responsi-
ble for safe maneuvering and parking. When
maneuvering or parking, make sure that there
are no persons, animals or objects in the area
in which you are maneuvering.
Driving systems171
Driving and parking
Z
Page 293 of 350
Snow chains
GWARNING
If snow chains are installed to the front
wheels, they may drag against the vehicle
body or chassis components. This could
cause damage to the vehicle or the tires.
There is a risk of an accident.
To avoid hazardous situations:
Rnever install snow chains to the front
wheels
Ralways install snow chains in pairs to the
rear wheels.
Further information can be found in the Digi-
tal Operator's Manual.
Tire pressure
Tire pressure specifications
Important safety notes
GWARNING
Underinflated or overinflated tires pose the
following risks:
Rthe tires may burst, especially as the load
and vehicle speed increase.
Rthe tires may wear excessively and/or
unevenly, which may greatly impair tire
traction.
Rthe driving characteristics, as well as steer-
ing and braking, may be greatly impaired.
There is a risk of an accident.
Follow recommended tire inflation pressures
and check the pressure of all the tires includ-
ing the spare wheel:
Rmonthly, at least
Rif the load changes
Rbefore beginning a long journey
Runder different operating conditions, e.g.
off-road driving
If necessary, correct the tire pressure.
iThe specifications on the sample Tire and
Loading Information placard and tire pres-
sure tables are examples. Tire pressure
specifications are vehicle-specific and may
deviate from the data shown here. The tire
pressure specifications that are valid for
your vehicle can be found on the Tire and
Loading Information placard and tire pres-
sure table on the vehicle.
General notes
The recommended tire pressures for the tires
mounted at the factory can be found on the
labels described here.
Operation with an emergency spare
wheel: information on operation with an
emergency spare wheel can be found in the
general notes in the "Emergency spare wheel"
section (
Ypage 329).
Further information on tire pressures can be
obtained at a qualified specialist workshop.
Tire and Loading Information placard
:Recommended tire pressures
The Tire and Loading Information placard is
on the B-pillar on the driver's side
(
Ypage 298).
The Tire and Loading Information placard con-
tains the recommended tire pressures for
cold tires. The recommended tire pressures
are valid for the maximum permissible load
and up to the maximum permissible vehicle
speed.
Tire pressure291
Wheels and tires
Z