service MERCEDES-BENZ GLE 2018 Owners Manual

Index ....................................................... 4
Digital Operator's Manual .................. 26
Introduction .......................................... .2 6
Operation ............................................... 26
Introduction ......................................... 27
Protecting the environment .................. .2 7
Genuine Mercedes-Benz parts .............. .2 7
Operator's Manual ................................. 28
Service and vehicle operation ............... .2 8
Operating safety .................................... 30
QR codes for the rescue card ............... .3 2
Data stored in the vehicle ...................... 32
Information on copyright ....................... 35
At a glance ........................................... 36
Cockpit .................................................. 36
Instrument cluster ................................. 37
Multifunction steering wheel ................. 38
Center console ...................................... 39
Overhead control panel ........................ .4 2
Door control panel ................................. 43
Safety ................................................... 44
Panic alarm ............................................ 44
Occupant safety .................................... 44
Children in the vehicle ........................... 59
Pets in the vehicle ................................. 65
Driving safety systems ........................... 66
Protection against theft ........................ .7 5
Opening and closing ........................... 77
SmartKey ............................................... 77
Doors ..................................................... 83
Cargo compartment .............................. .8 4
Side windows ......................................... 88
Sliding sunroof ....................................... 92
Seats, steering wheel and mirrors .... 97
Correct driver's seat position ................ 97
Seats ..................................................... 97
Steering wheel ..................................... 103
Mirrors ................................................. 105 Memory function ................................. 108
Lights and windshield wipers .......... 110
Exterior lighting ................................... 110
Interior lighting .................................... 114
Replacing bulbs (vehicles with LED
headlamps) .......................................... 115
Replacing bulbs (vehicles with halo-
gen headlamps) ................................... 115
Windshield wipers ................................ 117
Climate control ................................. 122
Overview of climate control systems ... 122
Operating the climate control sys-
tems .................................................... 127
Setting the air vents ............................ 132
Driving and parking .......................... 134
Notes on breaking-in a new vehicle ..... 134
Driving ................................................. 134
DYNAMIC SELECT controller ............... 142
Automatic transmission ....................... 143
Refueling ............................................. 150
Parking ................................................ 156
Driving tips .......................................... 159
Driving systems ................................... 169
Towing a trailer .................................... 219
Bicycle rack ......................................... 225
On-board computer and displays .... 228
Important safety notes ........................ 228
Displays and operation ........................ 228
Menus and submenus ......................... 231
Display messages ............................... 243
Warning and indicator lamps in the
instrument cluster ............................... 274
Multimedia system ........................... 287
General notes ...................................... 287
Important safety notes ........................ 287
Function restrictions ............................ 287
Operating system ................................ 288
Stowage and features ...................... 295
Stowage areas ..................................... 2952
Contents

Features .............................................. 304
Maintenance and care ...................... 321
Engine compartment ........................... 321
ASSYST PLUS ...................................... 325
Care ..................................................... 326
Breakdown assistance ..................... 334
Where will I find...? .............................. 334
Flat tire ................................................ 335
Battery (vehicle) .................................. 340
Jump-starting ....................................... 342
Towing and tow-starting ...................... 345
Fuses ................................................... 348
Wheels and tires ............................... 351
Important safety notes ........................ 351
Operation ............................................ 351
Winter operation .................................. 353
Tire pressure ....................................... 354
Loading the vehicle .............................. 361
All about wheels and tires ................... 364
Changing a wheel ................................ 371
Wheel and tire combinations ............... 376
Emergency spare wheel ....................... 376
Technical data ................................... 381
Information regarding technical data ... 381
Vehicle electronics .............................. 381
Identification plates ............................. 382
Service products and filling capaci-
ties ...................................................... 383
Vehicle data ......................................... 390
Vehicle data for off-road driving .......... 392
Trailer tow hitch ................................... 394 Contents 3

Air-conditioning system
see Climat e control
AIRMATIC package
ADS (A dapt ive Damping System) .. .1 83
Function/notes ............................ .1 83
Alarm
ATA (Anti-Theft Alarm system) ......... 75
Switching off (ATA) .......................... 75
Switching the function on/off
(ATA) ................................................ 75
Alarm system
see ATA (Anti-Theft Alarm system)
AMG
Adaptive sport suspension sys-
tem ................................................ 186
AMG menu (on-board computer) ..... 240
Anti-lock braking system
see ABS (Anti-lock Braking System)
Anti-skid chains
see Snow chains
Anti-Theft Alarm system
see ATA (Anti-Theft Alarm system)
Approach/departure angle .............. 168
Ashtray ............................................... 307
Assistance display (on-board com-
puter) ................................................. .2 36
Assistance menu (on-board com-
puter) ................................................. .2 36
ASSYST PLUS
Displaying a service message ....... .3 25
Hiding a service message .............. 325
Resetting the service interval dis-
play ................................................ 325
Service message ............................ 325
Special service requirements ......... 326
ATA (Anti-Theft Alarm system)
Activating/deactivating ................... 75
Function .......................................... .7 5
Switching off the alarm .................... 75
ATTENTION ASSIST
Activating/deactivating ................. 237
Display message ............................ 260
Function/notes ............................. 202
Audio menu (on-board computer) .... 234
Authorized Mercedes-Benz Center
see Qualified specialist workshop Authorized workshop
see Qualified specialist workshop
AUTO lights
Display message ............................ 255
see Lights
Automatic car wash (care) ............... 326
Automatic engine start (ECO start/
stop functio n) .................................... 140
A uto matic engine switch-off (ECO
start/stop function) .......................... 139
Automatic headlamp mode .............. 110
Automatic transmission
Accelerator pedal position ............. 146
Changing gear ............................... 146
DIRECT SELECT lever ..................... 143
Display message ............................ 270
Drive program ................................ 146
Drive program display .................... 145
Driving tips .................................... 146
DYNAMIC SELECT controller ......... 142
Emergency running mode .............. 150
Engaging drive position .................. 145
Engaging neutral ............................ 144
Engaging park position automati-
cally ............................................... 144
Engaging reverse gear ................... 144
Engaging the park position ............ 144
Important safety notes .................. 143
Kickdown ....................................... 146
Manual shifting .............................. 147
Oil temperature (on-board com-
puter, Mercedes-AMG vehicles) ..... 240
Overview ........................................ 143
Problem (malfunction) ................... 150
Pulling away ................................... 138
Starting the engine ........................ 137
Steering wheel paddle shifters ...... 147
Trailer towing ................................. 146
Transmission position display ........ 145
Transmission positions .................. 145
Automatic transmission emer-
gency mode ....................................... 150
AUX jacks
CD/DVD drive ............................... 294
Axle load, permissible (trailer tow-
ing) ...................................................... 394 Index 5

Safety systems .............................. 244
SmartKey ....................................... 273
Tires ............................................... 268
Vehicle ........................................... 270
Distance Pilot DISTRONIC
Activating ....................................... 173
Activation conditions ..................... 173
Cruise control lever ....................... 173
Display Message ............................ 265
Displays in the instrument cluster .. 176
Driving tips .................................... 177
Function/notes ............................. 171
Important safety notes .................. 171
Setting the specified minimum
distance ......................................... 175
Stopping ........................................ 174
Switching off .................................. 175
Warning lamp ................................. 285
Distance recorder
see Odometer
see Trip odometer
Distance warning (warning lamp) .... 285
Distance warning function
Function/notes ................................ 68
Warning lamp ................................. 285
Doors
Automatic locking (on-board com-
puter) ............................................. 239
Automatic locking (switch) ............... 84
Central locking/unlocking
(SmartKey) ....................................... 77
Control panel ................................... 43
Display message ............................ 272
Emergency locking ........................... 84
Emergency unlocking ....................... 84
Important safety notes .................... 83
Opening (from inside) ...................... 83
Overview .......................................... 83
Power closing .................................. 84
Downhill speed regulation
see DSR (Downhill Speed Regulation)
Drinking and driving ......................... 160
Drive program
Automatic transmission ................. 146
Off-Road program (vehicles with-
out Off-Road Engineering pack-
age) ............................................... 214 Off-road programs (vehicles with
Off-Road Engineering package) ...... 215
SETUP (on-board computer,
Mercedes-AMG vehicles) ............... 241
Drive programs
Display (DIRECT SELECT lever) ...... 145
Driver's door
see Doors
Driving
Important safety notes .................. 134
Driving abroad
Mercedes-Benz Service ................. 326
Drivi ng Assistance PLUS package ... 208
Driving in mountainous terrain
Approach/departure angle ............ 168
Driving lamps
see Daytime running lamps
Driving off-road
see Off-road driving
Driving safety system
Active Brake Assist .......................... 67
Braking assistance appropriate to
the situation ..................................... 69
Driving safety systems
ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) ....... 66
Active Brake Assist with cross-
traffic function ................................. 72
ADAPTIVE BRAKE ............................. 72
BAS (Brake Assist System) .............. 67
Distance warning function ............... 68
EBD (electronic brake force distri-
bution) ............................................. 72
ESP ®
(Electronic Stability Pro-
gram) ............................................... 70
Important safety information ........... 66
Overview .......................................... 66
STEER CONTROL ............................. 75
Driving system
AIRMATIC package ........................ 183
Distance Pilot DISTRONIC ............. 171
Distance Pilot DISTRONIC with
Steering Pilot ................................. 177
Parking assist PARKTRONIC .......... 187
Parking Pilot .................................. 190
Driving systems
360°camera .................................. 198
Active Blind Spot Assist ................. 208
Active Curve System ...................... 184 Index 9

Emissions control
Service and warranty information .... 28
Engine
Check Engine warning lamp .......... .2 83
Display message ............................ 256
ECO start/stop function ................ 139
Engine number ............................... 383
Irregular running ............................ 141
Jump-starting ................................. 342
Starting (important safety notes) ... 136
Starting problems .......................... 141
Starting the engine with the
SmartKey ....................................... 137
Starting via smartphone ................ 137
Starting with KEYLESS-GO ............. 137
Switching off .................................. 157
Tow-starting (vehicle) ..................... 348
Engine electronics
Problem (malfunction) ................... 141
Engine jump starting
see Jump starting (engine)
Engine oil
Adding .......................................... .3 23
Additives ........................................ 388
Checking the oil level ..................... 322
Checking the oil level using the
dipstick .......................................... 323
Display message ............................ 258
Filling capacity ............................... 387
Notes about oil grades ................... 387
Notes on oil level/consumption .... 322
Temperature (on-board computer,
Mercedes-AMG vehicles) .............. .2 40
Engine switch-off
see ECO start/stop function
Entering an address
see also Digital Operator's Man-
ual ................................................. .2 87
ESP ®
(Electronic Stability Pro-
gram)
AMG menu (on-board computer) ... 241
Characteristics ................................. 70
Deactivating/activating ................... 71
Display message ............................ 244
Function/notes ................................ 70
General notes .................................. 70
Important safety information ........... 70
Warning lamp ................................. 279 ETS/4ETS (Electronic Traction Sys-
tem) ...................................................... 70
Exhaust check ................................... 160
Exhaust pipe ( cl
eaning instruc-
tions) ................................................. .3 30
Exterior lighting
see Lights
Exterior mirrors
Adjusting ....................................... 105
Dipping (automatic) ....................... 107
Folding in when locking (on-board
computer) ...................................... 240
Folding in/out (automatically) ....... 106
Folding in/out (electrically) ........... 106
Out of position (troubleshooting) ... 107
Setting ........................................... 106
Storing settings (memory func-
tion) ............................................... 108
Storing the parking position .......... 107
Eyeglasses compartment ................. 297
F Favorites
Overview ........................................ 289
Filler cap
see Refueling
Flat tire
MOExtended tires .......................... 336
Preparing the vehicle ..................... 335
TIREFIT kit ...................................... 337
see Emergency spare wheel
Floormats ........................................... 319
Fog lamps (extended range) ............. 113
Folding the rear bench seat for-
wards/back ....................................... 298
Fording
Off-road ......................................... 164
On flooded roads ........................... 163
Frequencies
Mobile phone ................................. 381
Two-way radio ................................ 381
Fuel
Additives ........................................ 385
Consumption statistics .................. 231
Displaying the current consump-
tion ................................................ 232
Displaying the range ...................... 232 Index 11

Off-road programs (vehicles with
Off-Road Engineering package)
Function/notes ............................. 215
Off-road drive program .................. 215
Offroad Plus drive program ............ 216
Off-road programs (vehicles with
the Off-Road Engineering package)
Displays in the COMAND display ... 218
Off-road system
4MATIC .......................................... 213
DSR ............................................... 213
LOW RANGE off-road gear ............. 216
Off-road 4ETS .................................. 70
Off-road ABS .................................... 67
Off-road ESP ®
.................................. 72
Off-Road program (vehicles with-
out Off-Road Engineering pack-
age) ............................................... 214
Off-road programs (vehicles with
Off-Road Engineering package) ...... 215
Oil
see Engine oil
On and Offroad menu (on-board
computer) .......................................... 240
On-board computer
AMG menu ..................................... 240
Assistance menu ........................... 236
Audio menu ................................... 234
Convenience submenu .................. 239
Display messages .......................... 243
Displaying a service message ........ 325
Distance Pilot DISTRONIC ............. 176
Factory settings submenu ............. 240
Important safety notes .................. 228
Instrument cluster submenu .......... 238
Lighting submenu .......................... 238
Menu overview .............................. 231
Message memory .......................... 243
Navigation menu ............................ 232
On and Offroad menu .................... 240
Operation ....................................... 229
RACETIMER ................................... 241
Service menu ................................. 237
Settings menu ............................... 238
Standard display ............................ 231
Telephone menu ............................ 235
Trip menu ...................................... 231
Vehicle submenu ........................... 239 Video DVD operation ..................... 234
Operating safety
Declaration of conformity ................ 30
Important safety notes .................... 30
Operating system
see On-board computer
Operation
Digital Operator's Manual ................ 26
O perato
r's Manual
Overview .......................................... 28
Vehicle equipment ........................... 28
Outside temperature display ........... 228
Overhead control panel ...................... 42
Override feature
Rear side windows ........................... 65
P Paddle shifters
see Steering wheel paddle shifters
Paint code number ............................ 382
Paintwork (cleaning instructions) ... 328
Panic alarm .......................................... 44
Panorama roof with power tilt/
sliding panel
Important safety notes .................... 92
Opening/closing the roller sun-
blind ................................................. 95
Operating ......................................... 94
Operating the roller sunblinds for
the sliding sunroof ........................... 94
Problem (malfunction) ..................... 95
Reversing feature ............................. 93
Parking
Important safety notes .................. 156
Parking brake ................................ 157
Position of exterior mirror, front-
passenger side ............................... 107
Rear view camera .......................... 194
see PARKTRONIC
Parking aid
Parking Pilot .................................. 190
see 360° camera
see Exterior mirrors
see PARKTRONIC
Parking Assist PARKTRONIC
Deactivating/activating ................. 189
Driving system ............................... 18716
Index

Seat belts
Adjusting the driver's and front-
passenger seat belt ........................ .4 8
Adjusting the height ......................... 48
Cleaning ......................................... 332
Correct usage .................................. 47
Fastening ......................................... 48
Important safety guidelines ............. 46
Introduction .................................... .4 5
Releasin g ......................................... 48
Switching belt adjustment on/off
(on-board computer) ...................... 239
Warning lamp ................................. 274
Warning lamp (function) ................... 48
Seats
Adjusting (electrically) ..................... 98
Adjusting the 4-way lumbar sup-
port ................................................ 101
Adjusting the head restraint ............ 99
Calling up a stored setting (mem-
ory function) .................................. 109
Cleaning the cover ......................... 332
Folding the rear bench seat for-
wards/back ................................... 298
Important safety notes .................... 97
Overview .......................................... 97
Seat heating problem .................... 103
Seat ventilation problem ................ 103
Storing settings (memory func-
tion) ............................................... 108
Switching seat heating on/off ....... 101
Switching seat ventilation on/off .. 102
Section
Sliding sunroof ................................. 92
Securing hooks .................................. 300
Selector lever
Cleaning ......................................... 332
Sensors (cleaning instructions) ....... 330
Service menu (on-board com-
puter) .................................................. 237
Service message
see ASSYST PLUS
Service products
Brake fluid ..................................... 388
Coolant (engine) ............................ 388
DEF special additives ..................... 386
Engine oil ....................................... 387
Fuel ................................................ 384 Important safety notes .................. 383
Refrigerant (air-conditioning sys-
tem) ............................................... 389
Washer fluid ................................... 389
Setting the air distribution ............... 129
Setting the airflow ............................ 129
Setting the date / time format
see also Digital Operator's Man-
ual .................................................. 287
Setting the language
see also Digital Operator's Man-
ual .................................................. 287
Setting the time
see also Digital Operator's Man-
ual .................................................. 287
Settings
Factory (on-board computer) ......... 240
On-board computer ....................... 238
SETUP (on-board computer,
Mercedes-AMG vehicles) .................. 241
Side impact air bag ............................. 51
Side marker lamp (display mes-
sage) ................................................... 255
Side windows
Cleaning ......................................... 329
Convenience closing feature ............ 90
Convenience opening feature .......... 89
Important safety information ........... 88
Opening/closing .............................. 89
Overview .......................................... 88
Problem (malfunction) ..................... 91
Resetting ......................................... 91
Reversing feature ............................. 89
SIRIUS services
see also Digital Operator's Man-
ual .................................................. 287
Sliding sunroof
Important safety notes .................... 92
Opening/closing .............................. 93
Problem (malfunction) ..................... 95
Resetting ......................................... 93
see Panorama roof with power
tilt/sliding panel
SmartKey
Changing the battery ....................... 80
Changing the programming ............. 79
Checking the battery ....................... 80 Index 19

Distribution of the vehicle occu-
pants (definition) ............................ 371
DOT (Department of Transporta-
tion) (definition) ............................. 369
DOT, Tire Identification Number
(TIN) ............................................... 368
GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating)
(definition) .................................... .3 69
GTW (Gross Trailer Weight) (defi-
nition) ............................................ 370
GVW (Gross Vehicle Weight) (def-
inition) .......................................... .3 70
GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rat-
ing) (definition) .............................. 370
Important safety notes .................. 351
Increased vehicle weight due to
optional equipment (definition) ...... 369
Information on driving .................... 351
Kilopascal (kPa) (definition) ........... 370
Labeling (overview) ........................ 366
Load bearing index (definition) ...... 371
Load index ..................................... 368
Load index (definition) ................... 370
M+S tires ....................................... 353
Maximum load on a tire (defini-
tion) ............................................... 370
Maximum loaded vehicle weight
(definition) ..................................... 370
Maximum permissible tire pres-
sure (definition) ............................. 370
Maximum tire load ......................... 368
Maximum tire load (definition) ....... 370
MOExtended tires .......................... 353
Optional equipment weight (defi-
nition) ............................................ 371
PSI (pounds per square inch) (def-
inition) ........................................... 370
Replacing ....................................... 371
Service life ..................................... 352
Sidewall (definition) ....................... 371
Snow chains .................................. 353
Speed rating (definition) ................ 370
Storing ........................................... 372
Structure and characteristics
(definition) ..................................... 369
Summer tires in winter .................. 353
Temp erature .................................. 365 T
IN (Tire Identification Number)
(definition) ..................................... 371
Tire bead (definition) ...................... 370
Tire pressure (definition) ................ 370
Tire pressures (recommended) ...... 369
Tire size (data) ............................... 376
Tire size designation, load-bearing
capacity, speed rating .................... 366
Tire tread ....................................... 352
Tire tread (definition) ..................... 370
Total load limit (definition) ............. 371
Traction ......................................... 365
Traction (definition) ....................... 371
Tread wear ..................................... 365
TWR (permissible trailer drawbar
noseweight) (definition) ................. 371
Uniform Tire Quality Grading
Standards ...................................... 364
Uniform Tire Quality Grading
Standards (definition) .................... 369
Wear indicator (definition) ............. 371
Wheel and tire combination ........... 376
Wheel rim (definition) .................... 369
see Flat tire
Top Tether ............................................ 62
Tow-starting
Emergency engine starting ............ 348
Important safety notes .................. 345
Towing a trailer
Axle load, permissible .................... 394
Cleaning the trailer tow hitch ......... 331
Coupling up a trailer ...................... 222
Decoupling a trailer ....................... 224
Driving tips .................................... 220
Important safety notes .................. 219
Installing the ball coupling ............. 221
Lights display message .................. 255
Mounting dimensions .................... 394
Parking Assist PARKTRONIC .......... 187
Power supply ................................. 225
Pulling away with a trailer .............. 138
Removing the ball coupling ............ 224
Trailer loads ................................... 394
Towing away
Important safety guidelines ........... 345
Insta l ling the towing eye ................ 346
Notes for 4MATIC vehicles ............ 348
Removing the towing eye ............... 34622
Index

Protecting the environment
General notes
H Environmental note
Daimler's declared policy is one of compre-
hensive environmental protection.
The objectives are for the natural resources
that form the basis of our existence on this
planet to be used sparingly and in a manner
that takes the requirements of both nature
and humanity into account.
You too can help to protect the environment
by operating your vehicle in an environmen-
tally responsible manner.
Fuel consumption and the rate of engine,
transmission, brake and tire wear are affected
by these factors: R
operating conditions of your vehicle R
your personal driving style
You can influence both factors. You should
bear the following in mind:
Operating conditions: R
avoid short trips as these increase fuel con-
sumption. R
always make sure that the tire pressures
are correct. R
do not carry any unnecessary weight. R
remove roof racks once you no longer need
them. R
a regularly serviced vehicle will contribute
to environmental protection. You should
therefore adhere to the service intervals. R
always have service work carried out at a
qualified specialist workshop.
Personal driving style: R
do not depress the accelerator pedal when
starting the engine. R
do not warm up the engine when the vehicle
is stationary. R
drive carefully and maintain a safe distance
from the vehicle in front. R
avoid frequent, sudden acceleration and
braking. R
change gear in good time and use each gear
only up to

systems, e.g. the brake system. Use only genu-
ine Mercedes-Benz parts or parts of equal qual-
ity. Only use tires, wheels and accessories that
have been specifically approved for your vehi-
cle.
Genuine Mercedes-Benz parts are subject to
strict quality control. Every part has been spe-
cifically developed, manufactured or selected
for and adapted to Mercedes-Benz vehicles.
Therefore, only genuine Mercedes-Benz parts
should be used.
More than 300,000 different genuine
Mercedes-Benz parts are available for
Mercedes-Benz models.
All authorized Mercedes-Benz Centers maintain
a supply of genuine Mercedes-Benz parts for
necessary service and repair work. In addition,
strategically located parts delivery centers pro-
vide quick and reliable parts service.
Always specify the vehicle identification number
(VIN) when ordering genuine Mercedes-Benz
parts ( Y
page 382).
Operator's Manual
Vehicle equipment
i This Operator's Manual describes all models
and all standard and optional equipment of
your vehicle available at the time of going to
print. Country-specific differences are possi-
ble. Bear in mind that your vehicle may not
feature all functions described here. This also
applies to safety-relevant systems and func-
tions. The equipment in your vehicle may
therefore differ from that shown in the
descriptions and illustrations.
The original purchase contract documentation
for your vehicle contains a list of all the systems
in your vehicle.
Should you have any questions concerning
equipment and operation, please consult an
authorized Mercedes-Benz Center.
The Operator's Manual and Maintenance Book-
let are important documents and should be kept
in the vehicle. Service and vehicle operation
Warranty The Limited Warranty for your vehicle applies in
accordance with the warranty terms and condi-
tions in the Service and Warranty Information
booklet.
Your authorized Mercedes-Benz Center will
replace and repair all factory-installed parts in
accordance with the following warranty terms
and conditions: R
New Vehicle Limited Warranty R
Emission System Warranty R
Emission Performance Warranty R
California, Connecticut, Maine, Massachu-
setts, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island
and Vermont Emission Control System War-
ranty R
State warranty enforcement laws (lemon
laws)
Replacement parts and accessories are covered
by the Mercedes-Benz Parts and Accessories
warranties. These are available at any author-
ized Mercedes-Benz Center.
i Should you lose your Service and Warranty
Information booklet, have an authorized
Mercedes-Benz Center arrange for a replace-
ment. The new Service and Warranty Infor-
mation booklet will be posted to you.
Information for customers in Califor-
nia Under California law you may be entitled to a
replacement of your vehicle or a refund of the
purchase price or lease price, if after a reason-
able number of repair attempts Mercedes-Benz
USA, LLC and/or its authorized repair or service
facilities fail to fix one or more substantial
defects or malfunctions in the vehicle that are
covered by its express warranty.
During the period of 18 months from original
delivery of the vehicle or the accumulation of
18,000 miles (approximately 29,000 km) on the
odometer of the vehicle, whichever occurs first,
a reasonable number of repair attempts is pre-
sumed for a retail buyer or lessee if one or more
of the following occurs:
(1) the same substantial defect or malfunction
results in a condition that is likely to cause28
Service and vehicle operation
Introduction