ESP MERCEDES-BENZ SPRINTER 2020 MY20 with no MMS Operator’s Manual

In
these Operating Instructions, youw illfind the
fo llowing symbols: &
DANG ER Dan gerd ue tonoto bserving
th ew arning notices
Wa rning notices dr awyour attention tohaz‐
ards that ma yendanger your healt horlife, or
th eh ealt horl ifeofo thers. #
Obser vethew arning notices. +
ENVIRONMENTAL
NOTEEnvironmental
damag eduetofailur etoo bserveenviron‐
mental no tes Environmental no
tesi nclude information on
environmentally responsible behavior or envi‐
ro nmentally responsible disposal. #
Obser veenvironmen taln otes. *
NO
TEDama getoproperty due tofailure
to obser venotesonm aterial damage No
tesonm aterial damag einfor myou of risks
whic hmaylead to yo urvehicle being dam‐
aged. #
Obser venotesonm aterial damage. %
These symbols indicat
euseful instructions or
fur ther information that could be helpful to
yo u.
X In
stru ctions
(007B pa ge) Fu
rther information on atopic
Display Displa
yinthe multifunction display/
media display
+ Highestmenu le veltobes elected in
th em ultimedia sy stem
* Corresponding submenus tobe selec‐
te dint he multimedia sy stem
*I ndicatesacause 4
Symbols

1
Combination swit ch
Tu rn signals →
85
High beam →
85
Wi ndshield wipe rs →
95
Re ar wind owwiper →
95
2 Steering wheel buttons →
17 0
3 DIRECT SELEC Tlever →
12 2
4 Inside rearvie wmirror →
98
5 Overhea dcontrol panel →
87
6 DIN sl ot,e .g. form ounting a
ta ch ograph or thet imer fort he
st ationar yheater
7 Sun screen →
98
8 DINs lot
9 Co-d rive r's stow agec ompart‐
men tort achograph housing
A Co-d rive r's po werw indow
switch →
60
B Central locking →
49
C Stow agec ompartment co ver→
213
D Cup holde rs →
78
E Climat econtrol sy stem →
99
F 12Vsocket →
80
G 230 Vsocket H
Opens and closes thee lectric
sliding door →
52
I Hazar dwarning lamps →
85
J Vehicles wit hKEYLESSS TART:
ke ys lot →
11 0
K USB port →
77
L Start/ stop button →
11 0
M Right-hand swit chpanel
Ac tivates/deacti vatesa ll-wheel
drive →
12 5
Engages/disengages LOW
RANGE →
12 6
Ac tivates/deacti vatesD SR →
127
Ra ises/lo wersthev ehicle le vel→
12 9
Ac tivates/deacti vatesp ower
ta ke -off
Ac tivates/deacti vatesw orking
speed control (ADR) →
16 2
Ac tivates/deacti vatesc argo
compartment ventilation →
108
Ac tivates/deacti vatest he
ro tating beacon
N Steering wheel gearshif tpad‐
dles →
124
O Opens theh ood →
185
P Left-hand switc hpanel 6
Atag lanc e–Cockpit

Instrument Displa
y(color dis‐
play)
1 Speedome ter →
16 9
2 00E5 ESP®
→
283
3 00BA Distance warning →
289
4 00E9 Seat belt no tfas tened →
289
5 003E003D Turn signal indica‐
to rs →
85
6 Multifunction display →
283
7 0077 Tire pressur eloss warn‐
ing lamp →
283
8 00B9 CheckEngine →
290
9 0028 Preglo wand malfunction
in preglo wsystem
A Tach ome ter →
16 9
B 0049 and0024 (USA) or 0024
(Canada) parkin gbrake is
applied (red) →
283
C 0027 and004D (USA) or 004D
(Canada) brakes (red) →
283 D
003D Electrical malfunction →
290
E Coolant temp eratur eindicator
and 00AC coolant tooh ot →
290
F 0024 Electri cparkin gb rake
(yellow) →
283
G 0075 Restra int sy stem →
31
H 0057 High beam →
85
I 0058 Lowb eam →
84
J 0060 Parking lights →
84
K Fuel le velindicator and 00D4
fuel reser vewit hfuel filler cap
location indicator →
290
L Fo
glight →
84
M 005E Rear fogl ight →
84
N 004D Brakes (yell ow) →
283
O 0025 ABS malfunction →
283
P 00BB ESP®
deactivated →
283 8
Atag lanc e–Instru ment clus ter

Instrument Displa
y(bla ckand
whit edisplay) wit hsteering
wheel buttons
1 Speedome ter →
16 9
2 00E5 ESP®
→
283
3 00BA Distance warning →
289
4 00E9 Seat belt no tfas tened →
289
5 003E003D Turn signal indica‐
to rs →
85
6 Displ ayofwa rning and indica‐
to rlamps
003E Atleas tone door is not
comple tely closed
0077 Tire pressur eloss →
283
00CC Powe r-assis teds teering
malfunction →
289
003D Electrical malfunction →
290
0053 SOS/emergency cal lsys‐
te m( Mercedes-Benz emer‐
ge ncy cal lsyst em)
00D4 ActiveB rake Assi stdeac‐
tivated →
15 0
00D7 ATTENTION ASSIS Tdeac‐
tivated →
157
e OFF Lane Keeping Assist
inactive →
16 2
00CE Highbea mAssist →
86 e
(White) Lane Keeping
Assis tactiv eand ready toissue
wa rnings / e(Red) Lane
Ke eping Assis tissues warning →
16 2
7 00B9 CheckEngine →
290
8 0028 Preglo wand malfunction
in preglo wsystem
9 Tach ome ter
A 0049 and0024 (USA) or 0024
(Canada) parkin gbrake is
applied (red) →
283
B 0027 and004D (USA) or 004D
(Canada) brakes (red) →
283
C 00D4 Reser vefuel →
290
D DEF supply low →
13 6
E 002E LOWR ANGE active →
12 6
F 0024 Electric pa rking brake
(yellow) →
283
G Multifunction display →
283
H 0075 Restra int sy stem →
31
I 0057 High beam →
85
J 0058 Lowb eam →
84
K 0060 Parking lights →
84
L Fo
glight →
84
M 005E Rear fogl ight →
84 At
ag lanc e–I nstrument clus ter9

N
004D Brakes (yell ow) →
283
O 0025 ABS malfunction →
283
P 00BB ESP®
deactivated →
283 10
Atag lanc e–Instru ment clus ter

Environmental pr
otection
+ ENVIRONMENTAL
NOTEEnvironmental
damag eduetooperating conditions and
personal driving style The pollutant emission of
thev ehicle is
directl yrelated tothev ehicle's operation.
Operat eyour vehicle in an environmentally
re sponsible manner tohelp pr otect thee nvi‐
ro nment. Please obser vethef ollowing recom‐
mendations on ope rating conditions and per‐
sona ldriving style.
Operating conditions: #
Mak esuret hat thet irep ressures are
alw aysc orrect. #
Do no ttranspor tany unnecessa ry
we ight (e.g. aroof rack whic hisnol on‐
ge rrequired). #
Obser vethes ervice inter vals.
Ar egularly serviced vehicle will contri b‐
ut etoe nvironmen talp rotection. #
Alwaysh ave maintenance workcar ried
out at aqualified specialis tworks hop.
Pe rsonal driving style: #
Do no tdepress thea ccelera torp edal
when startin gthe engine. #
Do no twarmupt he engine while sta‐
tionar y. #
Driv ecarefully and maintai nasufficient
dis tance to ot hervehicles. #
Avoid frequent, sudden acceleration and
braking. #
Shif tgear sing ood tim eand use each
ge ar onl yupto 00C3of its maximum
engine speed. #
Switc hoffthee ngine when in stationary
traf ficf or ap rolonged time. #
Driv einaf uel-efficient manne r.Pay
attention totheE CO displa yfor afuel-
ef ficient driving style. Environmental issues and
recommendations
It is recommended tore-us ea nd recycle sub stan‐
ces ins tead of immediatel ydisposin gofthem.
The releva nt environmental guideline sand regula‐
tions ser vetoprotect thee nvironmen tand
should be follo we dc arefully. Mercedes-Benz Genuine
Parts
+ ENVIRONMENTAL
NOTEEnvironmental
damag ecaused bynotu sing recycled
re conditione dcomponents Mercedes-Benz
AGoffers recycled recondi‐
tione dcomponents and pa rtsw itht he same
qu ality as ne wparts .The same entitlement
from theL imited Warrant yisv alid as forn ew
parts. #
Recycled reconditione dcomponents
and pa rtsf romM ercedes-Benz AG. *
NO
TEThe ef fectivenes softherestra int
sy stems can be impaired byinstalling
accessor yparts, per form ing repair sor
we lding operations Airbags, Emer
gency Tensioning Device sas
we ll as control unit sand sensor sfor the
re stra int sy stems can be ins talled in thef ol‐
lowing areas of thev ehicle:
R Door frames
R Roof frames
R Doors
R Door pillars
R Door sills
R Seats
R Cockpit
R Instrument clus ter
R Center console #
Do no tins tall an yaccessories suc has
audio sy stems in these areas. #
Do no tperform repair sorw elding oper‐
ations. #
Have accesso ryparts ins talled at a
qu alified specialis tworks hop. If
yo uu se parts ,tires, wheel sorsafet y-re leva nt
accesso ries whic hhaven otbeen appr ovedby
Mercedes-Benz,t he operating safetyoft hevehi‐
cle ma ybejeopardized. Saf ety-re leva nt sy stems,
e.g. theb rake system, ma ymalfunction. Onl yuse
Mercedes-Benz Genuine Partsorp arts of equal
qu ality .Use onl ytires, wheels and accesso ries
th at ar eappr ove dfor your vehicle model.
Mercedes-Benzt estsgenuine pa rts, con version
parts and accessor yparts that ha vebeen
appr ovedfor your vehicle model forr eliability,
saf etya nd suitabilit y.Despit eongoing ma rket 20
General no tes

re
sear ch,wea reunable toasses sother parts.
We therefor eaccep tnor esponsibility fort he use
of suc hparts in Mercedes-Benz vehicles, even if
th ey have been of ficially appr ovedori ndepend‐
ently appr oved byatesting center.
In some other countries, cer tain parts ar eonly
of ficially appr ovedfor ins tallation or modification
if th ey comply wi thlegal requirements. All
Mercedes-Benz Genuin eParts satisf ythese
re qu irements. Mak esuret hat all parts ar esuita‐
ble fory our vehicle.
Alw ayss pecify thev ehicle identification number
(VIN) and thee ngine number when ordering
Mercedes-Benz Genuine Parts( / pag e245). Note
sabout attachments, add-on equip‐
ment, installations and con versions
Fo rs afet yr easons, ha veadd-on equipmen tpro‐
duce dand ins talled in acco rdanc ewitht he valid
Mercedes-Benz body/equipmen tmountin gdirec‐
tives. These body/equipmen tmountin gdirectives
ensur ethat thec hassi sand add-on equipment
fo rm one unit and that theg reates tpossible le vel
of operational and driving saf etyisa chieve d.
Bo th vehicle manufacturer sand body manufac‐
turer smusta lway se nsur ethat thep roducts they
manufactur ecome int ocirculation only in asafe
st at ea nd do no tpose an yrisk stop eople. Other‐
wise, ther em aybe consequences under civil,
criminal or public la w.All manu facturer sare
re sponsible fort he products that they have man‐
ufactured. Manufacturer sofattachments, add-on
equipment, ins tallation sand con versions must
guarantee complianc ewithD irective
2001/95/E Congeneral product saf ety.
Mercedes-Benz recommends thef ollowing proce‐
dur efor saf etyr easons:
R Do no tmakea nyother changes tothev ehi‐
cle.
R Obtain appr oval from thed ealer named on
th ei nside title pag eintheeve nt of deviations
from thea ppr ove dbody/equipment mounting
directives.
Ac cep tance testsp erform ed bypublic test bodies
or of ficia lapp rova ls do no trule out saf etyr isks.
Obser vethei nformation about Mercedes-Benz
Genuine Parts( / pag e20).
% Yo
uc an obtain fur ther information at aquali‐
fi ed specialis tworks hop. &
WARNING Risk of accident and injur yin
th ee vent of inco rrect con versions or
ch anges tothev ehicle
Con versions or changes tothev ehicle can
impair thef unction of sy stems or compo‐
nents.
As aresult, they ma ynol onger function as
intended and/or endanger theo perating
saf etyoft hevehicle. #
Alwaysh ave conversions or changes to
th ev ehicle made at aqualified work‐
shop. If
yo ui ntend tomak echanges to yourvehicle,
Mercedes-Benzu rgentl yrecommends con tacting
th ed ealer ,who will giv eyou all thei nformation
yo un eed. Ther emaybe acharg efor this service.
If body manufacturer sand dealer smakem odifi‐
cations that af fect thef ina linspection of the
engine, vehicle or equipment, they mus taccept
sole responsibility fort he vehicle. This also
appliestom arking and documenting thev ehicle
parts af fected bythec hanges that they make.
Yo ua re re sponsible forc ertifying and pr oviding
ev idenc ethat thef ollowing condition sareme t:
R The vehicle complies wit hallre leva nt stand‐
ards and regulations that ar eaffected bythe
modification.
R The modified vehicle still meets thev ehicle
saf etys tandards and emission regulations.
R The modification does no timp air thes afet yof
th ev ehicle.
Mercedes-Ben zisnotresponsible fort he final
inspection, product liability or warrant yclaims
re sulting from modification. This applies fort he
fo llowing points:
R them odified components or sy stems
R ther esultant violatio nofemission regulations
or vehicle saf etys tandards
R all consequences resulting from them odified,
less saf eorevenf aulty vehicle
Mercedes-Benza ccepts noresponsibility as final
manu facturer or fort he resultant product liability.
Even seemingly minor changes tothev ehicle,
suc hasa ttaching aradiator grill in winter ,are not
permitted. Do no tcover ther adiator .Donotuse
an yt hermal mats, insect pr otection co vers etc.
Otherwise, thev alues of thev ehicle's diagnostic
sy stem will be dis torted. Some of these values General no
tes21

&
WARNING Risk offire due toflammable
materials on ho tparts of thee xhau stsys‐
tem
Flammable materia lsuc hasl eaves, grass or
twigs ma yignit eift heyc ome int ocontact
wi th hotp arts of thee xhau stsystem. #
When driving on unpa vedr oads or off-
ro ad, regular lych eckt he vehicle under‐
side. #
Remo vetrappe dplants or other flam‐
mable material. #
Ifth er eisd amage, consult aqualified
specialis tworks hop immediately. *
NO
TEDama getothev ehicle In
thef ollowing situations, in particular ,there
is ar isk of damag etothevehicle:
R The vehicle becomes grounded, e.g. on a
high curb or an unpa vedr oad
R The vehicle is driven toof asto veran
obs tacle, e.g. acurb ,speed bu mpor pot‐
hole
R Aheavy object strike st he underbody or
ch assis components
In situations suc hasthis,theb ody ,the
underbody ,chassi scomponents, wheels or
tires could be damaged without thed amage
being visible. Components damaged in this
wa yc an unexpectedl yfail or ,inthe case of an
accident, ma ynotabsorb thel oads that arise
as intended.
If th eu nderbody paneling is damaged, flam‐
mable materials suc hasleaves, grass or
twigs can collect between theu nderbody and
th eu nderbody paneling. These materials may
ignit eift heyc ome int ocontact wi thhotp arts
on thee xhau stsystem. #
Have thev ehicle checkeda nd repaired
immediatel yataqualified specialist
wo rkshop.
or #
If driving saf etyisi mpaired while con‐
tinuing your journe y,pull over and stop
th ev ehicle immediatel yinaccordance
wit hthe traf ficc onditions, and contact
aq ualified specialis tworks hop. Declarations of conformity
Ra
dio equipment appr oval forw ireles scen‐
tral locking Ra
dio equipment appr oval number s9205 10A Count
ry Radio equipment appr oval
information
Indonesi a60598/SDPPI/20 19
Supplie rnumber :16833352
Ra dio frequency: 433. 47 -
434.3 7MHz
Vi etnam C0290
181218 AF04A2
Supplie rnumbe r:16 833352
Ra dio frequency: 433. 47 -
434.3 7MHz Information about
thed ecla ratio nofc onform‐
ity forw ireles svehicle components USA:
"Thew ireles sdevices of this vehicle comply
wit hP art15oft he FCC Rules. Operation is sub‐
jec ttot hefollowing tw oconditions: 1) These
device smaynotc ause harmful inter fere nce, and
2) These device smusta cce ptanyinter fere nce
re ceived, including inter fere nce that ma ycause
undesired operation .Changes or modi fications
no te xpressly appr ovedbyt he party responsible
fo rc ompliance could void theu ser's authority to
operat ethe equipment."
Canada: "The wireless devices of this vehicle
compl ywithI ndustr yCanada license-e xemp tRSS
st andard(s). Operatio nissubject tothef ollowing
tw oc onditions: (1) These device smaynotc ause
inter fere nce, and (2) These device smusta cce pt
an yinter fere nce, including inter fere nce that may
cause undesired operation of thed evice."
USA: "Wireless chargin gsystemf or mobile devi‐
ces (model: WMI2 Wireless Mobile Inter face): this
device complies wit hPart18oft he FCC Rules."
The name and address of ther esponsibl eparty
is:
peiker acustic GmbH
Max-Planc k-St r.28-32
61 38 1F riedrichsdorf
Germany 24
Generaln otes

In
thef ollowing cases your vehicle ma ynotbe
re gis tere dtoy ouyet:
R Youd id no tpurch ase your vehicle at an
authorized specialis tdealer.
R Your vehicle has no tyet been inspected at an
au thorized Mercedes-Benz Center.
It is advisable toregis tery our vehicle wit han
authorized Mercedes-BenzC enter.
Infor mMercedes-Benzass oon as possible about
an yc hang eina ddress or vehicle ownership.
Yo uc an do this, fore xamp le, at an authorized
Mercedes-Ben zCenter. Cor
rect use of thev ehicle
If yo ur emo ve wa rning sticke rs,o ther sm ayfailto
re cognize thed angers. Lea ve warning sticke rs in
position.
Obser vethef ollowing information in particular
when operating thev ehicle:
R Safetyn otes in these Operating Instructions
R Tech nica ldataf or thev ehicle
R Traf ficr ules and regulations
R Laws per taining tomo torv ehicles and saf ety
st andards Multi Purpose
Vehicle &
WARNING Risk of accident du etoahigh
cen terofg ravity
As aresult of theh igh center of gr avity the
ve hicle can skid or rollo verint heeve nt of
ab rupt steering mo vements and/or inapp ro‐
priat espeed. #
Adaptthe speed and thed riving styleto
th ed riving characteristic softhevehicle
as well as thep reva iling road and
we ather conditions. Utilit
yvehicles ha veas ignificantl yhighe rrollo ver
ra te than other types of vehicles.
If th is vehicle is no toperated in asafem anner it
could result in an accident, rollo verasw ell asto
se vere or fata linjuries.
In ar ollo verc rash, an unbel tedp erson is signifi‐
cantly mor elikel ytod iethan ap erson wearing a
seat belt.
Yo ua nd all vehicle occupants should alw aysw ear
as eat belt. Information on problem
swithy our vehicle
If yo us houl dexpe rience aproblem wit hyour
ve hicle, particularly one that youb elie vemay
af fect its saf eoperation, weurge youtoc ontact
an au thorized Mercedes-Benz Center immediately
to have thep roblem diagnosed and rectified.
If th ep roblem is no tresolved to your satisfaction,
please con tact an au thorized Mercedes-Benz
Center again or writ etoone ofthef ollowing
addresses.
In theU SA:
Daimler VANS US A,LLC
Cus tomer Assis tance Center
One Mercedes-Benz Drive
Sand ySprings, GA 30328
In Canada:
Mercedes-Benz Canada, Inc.
Cu stomer Relation sDepartment
98 Vande rhoof Avenue
To ronto, Ontario M4G 4C9 Re
porting saf etyd efects
US Ao nly:
The following text is published as required of
manufacturer sunder Title 49, Code of U.S. Fed‐
eral Regulations, Part57 5p ursuant tothe
"National Traf fica nd Mo torV ehicle Saf etyA ct of
19 66".
If yo ub elie vethat your vehicle has adefect which
could cause acrash or could cause injur yor
death, yous houl dimmediatel yinfor mthe
Na tional Highw ayTraf ficS afet yA dmini stra tion
(NHT SA)ina ddition tonotifying Daimle rVANS
US A,LLC.
If NHT SAreceives simila rcomplaints, it ma yopen
an in vestigation ,and if it finds that as afety
defect exists in agroup ofvehicles, it ma yorder a
re cal land remedy campaign. Ho wever,NHT SA
canno tbecome in volved in indi vidual problems
between you, your dealer ,orDaimler VANS US A,
LLC.
To contact NHT SA,you ma ycall theV ehicle
Saf etyH otline toll-f reeat1 -888-327-4236
(TT Y:1-800-424-9 153);gotoh ttps://
www.safercar.gov; or writ eto:Ad ministrator,
NHT SA,400 Se venthS treet, SW.,Wa shington,
DC 20590, US A. 26
General no tes

Yo
uc an find mor einformation on vehicle saf ety
at :h ttps://www.safercar.gov
Canada onl y:
The following text is published as required of
manufacturer sunder subsection 18.4 (4) of the
Mo torV ehicle Saf etyR egulations.
If yo ub elie vethat your vehicle has adefect which
could cause acrash or could cause injur yor
death, yous houl dimmediatel yinfor mTransport
Canada in addition tonotifying Mercedes-Benz
Canad aInc.
If Transpor tCanada received simila rcomplaints,
it ma yopenani nvestigation, and if it finds that a
saf etyd efect exists in agroup of vehicles, it may
order arecall and remedy campaign. Ho wever,
Tr anspor tCanada canno tbecome in volved in
indi vidual problems between you, your dealer or
Mercedes-Ben zCanada Inc.
To contact Transpor tCanada, youm aycall the
Defect In vestigation sand Recalls Divisio ntoll-
free in Canada at 1-800-333-05 10or
81 9-994-3328in theG atineau-Ot tawa area or
internationall y;youm ayalso go tothef ollowing
we bsites form orei nformation:
R English :https://www.tc.gc.ca/recalls
R French: https://www.tc.gc.ca/rappels Limited
Warranty
* NO
TEDama getothev ehicle arising from
violation of these operating instructions. Damag
etothevehicle can arise from viola‐
tion of these operating instructions.
Suc hdamag eisnotcoveredbye itherthe
Limited Warrant yort he ne woru sed-vehicle
wa rrant y. #
Obser vethei nstruction sinthese oper‐
ating instructions on proper operation
of your vehicle as well as rega rding pos‐
sible vehicle damage. QR codes
forr escue card
The QR code sticke rs area ffixed totheB -pillar on
th ed rive r's and co-driver's side. In thee vent of
an accident, emergency service scan us ethe QR
code toquickl ydetermine thec orresponding res‐
cue car dfor your vehicle. The cur rent rescue card
contains, in compact form ,the mos timp ortant information abou
tyour vehicle e.g. ther outing of
electric cables.
Fu rther information can be obtained at https://
www.mercedes-benz.de/qr-code. Data
storage Electronic control units
Electronic control unit
sareins talled in your vehi‐
cle. Some of them ar enecessar yfor your vehicle
to function safel y,some pr ovide suppor twhen
driving (driver assis tance sy stems). In addition,
yo ur vehicle of fers comfor torentertainment
function swhicha realso made possible wit helec‐
tronic control units.
Electronic control unit scontain dat amemo ries
whic hcan permanentl yortemporarily stor et ech‐
nical informat ionont hevehicle's operating state,
component stre ss, service requirements as well
as tech nica leventsa nd malfunctions.
This information general lydocuments thes tate of
ac omponent part, amodule, asystemoroft he
environment suc has:
R operating statuses of sy stem components
(e.g. fluid le vels, batter ystatus ,tirep ressure)
R status messages concernin gthe vehicle and
its individual components (e.g. number of
wheel revo lutions/speed, deceleration ,lateral
acceleration ,displa yoft hefast ened seat
belts)
R malfunctions or defects in impor tant sy stem
components (e.g. lights, brakes)
R information on events in whic hthe vehicle is
damaged
R system reaction sinspecial drivin gsituations
(e.g. airbag deployment, inter vention of sta‐
bilit ycontrol sy stems)
R ambient conditions (e.g. temp erature, rain
sensor)
In addition tothep rovision of control uni tfunc‐
tions, this dat aserve stor ecognize and rectify
malfunctions as well as tooptimize vehicle func‐
tions bythem anufacturer .Mostoft his dat ais
vo latile and is onl yprocessed in thev ehicle itself.
Onl yas mall proportion of thed ataiss tore din
ev ent or fault memories.
When youu se services, thet echnical dat afrom
th ev ehicle can be read out byservice network
emplo yees (e.g. workshops, manufacturers) or
th irdp arties (e.g. breakdown services). Services
include repair services, maintenanc eprocesses, General no
tes27