Actuator MITSUBISHI MONTERO 1998 Workshop Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: MITSUBISHI, Model Year: 1998, Model line: MONTERO, Model: MITSUBISHI MONTERO 1998Pages: 1501, PDF Size: 25.81 MB
Page 673 of 1501
Wire lead open .......... A .. Require repair or replacement.
Wire lead shorted ....... A .. Require repair or replacement.
(1) - Determine cause and correct prior to repair or
replacement of part.
( 2) - Determine source of contamination, such as engine coolant,
fuel, metal particles, or water. Require repair or
replacement.
( 3) - Inoperative includes intermittent operation or out of
OEM specification. Some components may be serviceable;
check for accepted cleaning procedure.
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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
NOTE: Conditions pertaining to the sensors and actuators listed
in this section may be found under the name of the sensor
or actuator.
SENSOR ABBREVIATION TABLE
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Sensor Abbreviation
Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor ......................... APP
Air Conditioning Cycling Switch ............................ AC
Air Conditioning Pressure Sensor ........................... ..
Air Fuel Ratio Sensor ...................................... ..
Barometric Pressure Sensor ............................... BARO
Camshaft Position Sensor .................................. CMP
Clutch Pedal Position Switch .............................. CPP
Cooling Fan Motor Sensors and Switches ..................... ..
Crankshaft Position Sensor ................................ CKP
Electronic Transmission Feedback Devices ................... ..
Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor ......................... ECT
Evaporative Emission feedback devices ...................... ..
Exhaust Gas Recirculation feedback devices ................. ..
Fan Control Sensor ......................................... FC
Intake Air Temperature Sensor ............................. IAT
Knock Sensor ............................................... KS
Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor ......................... MAP
Mass Air Flow Sensor ...................................... MAF
O2 Sensor ................................................. O2S
Park Neutral Position Switch .............................. PNP
Power Steering Pressure Sensor ............................ PSP
Thermal Vacuum Valve ...................................... TVV
Throttle Position Sensor ............................ TP Sensor
Throttle Position Switch ................................... ..
Transmission Range Switch ........................... TR Switch
Vehicle Speed Sensor ...................................... VSS
Volume Air Flow Sensor .................................... VAF
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ACTUATOR ABBREVIATION TABLE \
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Actuator Abbreviation
Air Injection Control Solenoid ............................. ..
Electronic Transmission control devices .................... ..
Evaporative Emission Canister ............................ EVAP
Purge Device ............................................... ..
Exhaust Gas Recirculation Device .......................... EGR
Fuel Injector .............................................. ..
Idle Air Control .......................................... IAC
Page 674 of 1501
Idle Speed Control Actuator ............................... ISC
Mix Control Solenoid .............................. MC Solenoid
Secondary Air Injection System Management Device .... AIR, PAIR
Vacuum Regulator Solenoid .................................. ..
Waste Gate Control Solenoid ................................ ..
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SHROUDS, BAFFLES AND DEFLECTORS
SHROUD, BAFFLE AND DEFLECTOR INSPECTION \
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Condition Code Procedure
Application incorrect,
affecting cooling system
performance ............ A . Require repair or replacement.
Attaching hardware
broken ................. A .. Require repair or replacement
of hardware.
Attaching hardware
missing ................ C ......... Require replacement of
hardware.
Attaching hardware not
functioning ............ A .. Require repair or replacement
of hardware.
Bent, affecting cooling
system performance ..... A . Require repair or replacement.
Blocked, affecting cooling
system performance ..... A . Require repair or replacement.
Broken, affecting cooling
system performance ..... A . Require repair or replacement.
Cracked, affecting cooling
system performance ..... A . Require repair or replacement.
Loose, affecting cooling
system performance ..... A ................ Require repair.
Loose, not affecting
cooling system
performance ............ 2 ................ Suggest repair.
Missing, affecting cooling
system performance ..... C ........... Require replacement.
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SPARK PLUGS
NOTE: You are not required to replace spark plugs in sets.
However, you may suggest replacement of the other plugs
for preventive maintenance.
SPARK PLUG INSPECTION
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Condition Code Procedure
Application incorrect ... B ............ Require replacement.
Electrode eroded ........ 1 ............ Suggest replacement.
Fouled .................. A ........... ( 1) Require repair or
replacement.
Gap incorrect ........... B .. Require repair or replacement.
Insulation broken ....... A ............. Require replacement
Insulator cracked ....... A ............ Require replacement.
Leaking compression ..... A .. Require repair or replacement.
Maintenance interval .... 3 ............ Suggest replacement.
Threads damaged ......... A .. Require repair or replacement.
Threads stripped (threads
Page 705 of 1501
Application Wire Color Location
Diamante .................. Black/Blue ............ (1)
Eclipse (Turbo & 2.4L) .... Black/Blue ............. ( 2)
Galant .................... Black/Blue ............ ( 3)
Mirage .................... Black/Blue ............ ( 1)
Montero ...................... White .............. ( 4)
3000GT .................... Black/Blue ............ ( 6)
( 1) - On firewall, above brake master cylinder.
( 2) - On firewall behind battery.
( 3) - On main wiring harness, near center of firewall.
( 4) - On main wiring harness, near right center of firewall.
( 5) - Near left rear corner of engine compartment, below
cruise control actuator (if equipped).
( 6) - On main wiring harness, near wiper motor on firewall,
behind battery.
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3) Start engine and allow it to idle. Measure fuel pressure
with vacuum hose connected to fuel pressure regulator. Record fuel
pressure reading. See FUEL PUMP PERFORMANCE table. Disconnect and plug
vacuum hose from fuel pressure regulator. Record fuel pressure
reading.
4) Check for fuel pressure in fuel return hose by gently
pinching hose while increasing engine speed. If fuel volume is low,
fuel pressure in return hose will not be felt. Increase engine speed
to 2500-3000 RPM, 2-3 times. Return engine to idle. Fuel pressure
should not drop when engine is returned to idle.
5) Turn ignition off. Ensure fuel pressure reading does not
decrease within 2 minutes. If a decrease is noted, monitor speed of
decrease.
6) If fuel pressure is lower than specification, fuel
pressure drops at idle after increasing engine speed to 2500-3000 RPM,
or no fuel pressure in fuel return hose can be felt, check for clogged
fuel filter, or faulty fuel pressure regulator or fuel pump.
7) If fuel pressure is greater than specification, check for
a faulty fuel pressure regulator or plugged fuel return line. If fuel
pressure does not change when vacuum hose to regulator is connected or
disconnected, check for a leaking or clogged vacuum hose to fuel
pressure regulator or faulty fuel pressure regulator.
8) If fuel pressure decreases suddenly after engine is
stopped, check valve in fuel pump is not seated. Replace fuel pump. If
fuel pressure drops slowly, fuel injector is leaking or fuel pressure
regulator valve seat is leaking. Check for faulty fuel injector or
fuel pressure regulator. Repair as necessary.
9) When fuel pressure test is complete, repeat fuel pressure
release procedure before disconnecting fuel pressure gauge. Install
NEW "O" ring at end of high pressure fuel inlet line. Check for fuel
leaks.
FUEL PUMP PERFORMANCE TABLE
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At Idle w/Vacuum At Idle w/o Vacuum
Application psi (kg/cm) psi (kg/cm)
Eclipse 2.0L
Non-Turbo ........... ( 1) ............ 47-50 (3.3-3.5)
Turbo ............. 33 (2.3) ......... 42-45 (3.0-3.5)
3000GT Turbo ........ 34 (2.4) ......... 43-45 (3.0-3.1)
All Other Models .... 38 (2.7) ......... 47-50 (3.3-3.5)
( 1) - Information is not available from manufacturer at time
Page 706 of 1501
![MITSUBISHI MONTERO 1998 Workshop Manual of publication. \
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MFI CONTROL RELAY
MFI control](/img/19/57333/w960_57333-705.png "MITSUBISHI MONTERO 1998 Workshop Manual of publication. \
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MFI CONTROL RELAY
MFI control")
of publication. \
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MFI CONTROL RELAY
MFI control relay switches power to vehicle sensors and
actuators including Volume Airflow (VAF) sensor, crankshaft position
sensor, idle speed control, injectors and fuel pump. When ignition
switch is turned to RUN position, PCM energizes coils controlling
injectors, VAF sensor and idle air control. When ignition switch is
turned to START position, PCM energizes coils (through park/neutral
position switch on A/T models) to supply power to fuel pump. Relay
failure will cause a no-start condition. For testing procedure, see I
- SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS article.
IGNITION CHECKS
* PLEASE READ THIS FIRST *
NOTE: Perform all circuit tests with a Digital Volt-Ohmmeter
(DVOM) with a minimum 10-megohm input impedance, unless
stated otherwise in test procedure.
SPARK
Check for spark at coil wire (if applicable) and at each
spark plug wire using a high output spark tester. Check spark plug
wire resistance on suspect wires. Wire resistance should not exceed
22,000 ohms for all models except Eclipse 2.0L non-turbo and Montero.
On Eclipse 2.0L non-turbo, resistance should not exceed 8000 ohms. On
Montero, resistance should not exceed 26,000 ohms.
CAMSHAFT POSITION (CMP) SENSOR
For CMP sensor testing procedure, see G - TESTS W/CODES
article.
CRANKSHAFT POSITION (CKP) SENSOR
For CKP sensor testing procedure, see G - TESTS W/CODES
article.
DISTRIBUTORLESS IGNITION SYSTEM (DIS - 4-CYLINDER)
Ignition Coil Resistance (Eclipse)
1) On Mirage 1.8L, see POWER TRANSISTOR (MIRAGE). On Eclipse\
2.0L non-turbo, go to step 3). On Eclipse 2.0L turbo and 2.4L,
disconnect ignition coil connector. Go to next step.
2) On Eclipse 2.0L turbo, use DVOM to measure primary coil
resistance between ignition coil connector terminals No. 2 and 3 (coil
for cylinders No. 1 and 4) and terminals No. 1 and 3 (coil for
cylinders No. 2 and 3). See Fig. 3. On Eclipse 2.4L, use DVOM to
measure primary coil resistance Between ignition coil terminals. Go to
step 4).
Fig. 2: Ignition Coil Connector Terminals (Eclipse 2.0L Non-Turbo)
Courtesy of Mitsubishi Motor Sales of America
Page 724 of 1501
connector or harness, or torque converter clutch solenoid.
DTC P0750
Shift solenoid "A" failure. Possible causes are: connector or
harness, or low-reverse solenoid.
DTC P0755
Shift solenoid "B" failure. Possible causes are: connector or
harness, or underdrive solenoid.
DTC P0760
Shift solenoid "C" failure. Possible causes are: connector or
harness, or second solenoid.
DTC P0765
Shift solenoid "D" failure. Possible causes are: connector or
harness, or overdrive solenoid.
DTC P1103
Turbocharger wastegate actuator failure. Possible causes are:
connector or harness, faulty wastegate solenoid or actuator, or vacuum
hose routing.
DTC P1104
Turbocharger wastegate solenoid failure. Possible causes are:
connector or harness, or faulty wastegate solenoid.
DTC P1105
Fuel pressure solenoid failure. Possible causes are:
connector or harness, or faulty fuel pressure solenoid.
DTC P1400
Manifold Differential Pressure (MDP) sensor circuit failure.
Possible causes are: connector or harness, or faulty MDP sensor.
DTC P1500
Generator FR terminal circuit failure. Possible causes are:
connector or harness.
DTC P1600
Serial communication link failure. Possible causes are:
connector or harness.
DTC P1715
Pulse Generator (PG) failure. Possible causes are: connector
or harness, or faulty PG.
DTC P1750
Solenoid failure. Possible causes are: connector or harness,
faulty converter clutch solenoid, shift control solenoid, or pressure
control solenoid.
DTC P0751
Automatic transaxle control relay failure. Possible causes
are: connector or harness, or automatic transaxle relay.
DTC P1791
Engine coolant temperature level input circuit (to TCM)
failure. Possible causes are: connector or harness.
DTC P1795
Throttle position input circuit failure. Possible causes are:
connector or harness.
Page 813 of 1501
![MITSUBISHI MONTERO 1998 Workshop Manual Brake On/Off (BOO) Switch ................... Cruise Control Systems\
Engine Performance
Shift Int](/img/19/57333/w960_57333-812.png "MITSUBISHI MONTERO 1998 Workshop Manual Brake On/Off (BOO) Switch ................... Cruise Control Systems\
Engine Performance
Shift Int")
Brake On/Off (BOO) Switch ................... Cruise Control Systems\
Engine Performance
Shift Interlock Systems
Buzzer Module ...................................... Warning Systems
Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor .................. Engine Performance\
Central Control Module ........................... Anti-Theft System
Clockspring ............................... Air Bag Restraint System
Cruise Control Systems
Steering Column Switches
Clutch Pedal Position Switch .............................. Starters
Clutch Start Switch ....................................... Starters
Combination Meter ......................... Analog Instrument Panels
Constant Control Relay Module (CCRM) ............ Engine Performance\
Electric Cooling Fans
Convenience Center .............................. Power Distribution
Illumination/Interior Lights
Convertible Top Motor ........................ Power Convertible Top
Convertible Top Switch ....................... Power Convertible Top
Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor ................ Engine Performance\
Cruise Control Module ....................... Cruise Control Systems
Cruise Control Switch ....................... Cruise Control Systems
Condenser Fan Relay(s) ....................... Electric Cooling Fans\
Data Link Connector (DLC) ....................... Engine Performance\
Daytime Running Lights Module ............... Daytime Running Lights
Exterior Lights
Defogger Relay ................................ Rear Window Defogger
Diagnostic Energy Reserve Module (DERM) ... Air Bag Restraint System\
Discriminating Sensor (Air Bag) ........... Air Bag Restraint System\
Distributor ..................................... Engine Performance
Door Lock Actuators ............................... Power Door Locks
Remote Keyless Entry
Door Lock Relay(s) ................................ Power Door Locks\
Electrochromic Mirror ................................ Power Mirrors
Electronic Level Control (ELC)
Height Sensor .............................. Electronic Suspension
Electronic Level Control (ELC) Module ........ Electronic Suspension\
Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)
Sending Unit ............................ Analog Instrument Panels
Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor ......... Engine Performance\
Engine Control Module ........................... Engine Performance
Generators & Regulators
Starters
ETACS ECU .......................................... Warning Systems
Power Windows
Remote Keyless Entry
Evaporative (EVAP) Emissions Canister ........... Engine Performance\
EVAP Canister Purge Solenoid .................... Engine Performance
EVAP Canister Vent Solenoid ..................... Engine Performance
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Valve ........... Engine Performance\
Fuel Tank Vacuum Sensor ......................... Engine Performance
Fog Lights ....................................... Headlight Systems
Daytime Running Lights
Fog Light Relay .................................. Headlight Systems
Daytime Running Lights
Fuel Door Release Solenoid ................. Power Fuel Door Release
Fuel Gauge Sending Unit ................... Analog Instrument Panels
Fuel Injectors .................................. Engine Performance
Fuel Pump ....................................... Engine Performance
Fuel Pump Relay ................................. Engine Performance
Power Distribution
Fuse/Relay Block ................................ Power Distribution
Fusible Links ................................... Power Distribution
Generators & Regulators
Page 815 of 1501
Parking Brake Switch ...................... Analog Instrument Panels
Park Lights ........................................ Exterior Lights
Park/Neutral Position Switch .............................. Starters
Engine Performance
Anti-Theft System
Body Control Module
Perimeter Lighting Control Relay ................... Exterior Lights
Power Amplifier ..................................... Power Antennas
Power Antenna Module ................................ Power Antennas
Power Antenna Motor ................................. Power Antennas
Power Distribution Center ....................... Power Distribution
Generators & Regulators
Starters
Power Door Lock Motors ............................ Power Door Locks
Power Mirror Motors .................................. Power Mirrors
Memory Systems
Power Sliding Door Controller .............. Power Sliding Side Door
Power Seat Motors ...................................... Power Seats
Memory Systems
Power Steering Pressure Switch .................. Engine Performance
Power Top Motor .............................. Power Convertible Top
Power Top Relay(s) ........................... Power Convertible Top\
Powertrain Control Module ....................... Engine Performance
Analog Instrument Panels
Cruise Control Systems
Data Link Connectors
Generators & Regulators
Starters
Power Window Motors .................................. Power Windows
Power Window Relay(s) ................................ Power Windows\
Radiator Fan Motor(s) ........................ Electric Cooling Fans\
Radiator Fan Relay(s) ........................... Engine Performance\
Electric Cooling Fans
Rainsense Module .............................. Wiper/Washer Systems
Raise Relay .................................. Power Convertible Top
Remote Anti-Theft Personality (RAP) Module ....... Anti-Theft System\
Starters
Warning Systems
Seat Belt Pretensioners ................... Air Bag Restraint System
Seat Belt Retractor Solenoid .................... Passive Restraints
Seat Belt Switch .......................... Air Bag Restraint System
Passive Restraints
Shift Interlock Solenoid ................... Shift Interlock Systems
Shift Lock Actuator ........................ Shift Interlock Systems
Side Marker Lights ................................. Exterior Lights
SIR Coil Assembly (Clockspring) ........... Air Bag Restraint System\
Slip Ring (Clockspring) ................... Air Bag Restraint System\
Steering Column Switches
SRS Control Module ........................ Air Bag Restraint System
Starter Motor ............................................. Starters
Starter Interrupt Relay ................................... Starters
Starter Solenoid .......................................... Starters
Starter Relay ............................................. Starters
Steering Wheel Position Sensor .................... Anti-Lock Brakes
Stoplights ......................................... Exterior Lights
Stoplight Switch ................................ Engine Performance
Cruise Control Systems
Anti-Lock Brakes
Sun Roof ECU ........................................ Power Sun Roof
Sun Roof Motor ...................................... Power Sun Roof
Sun Roof Position Sensor ............................ Power Sun Roof
Taillights ......................................... Exterior Lights
Throttle Position (TP) Sensor ................... Engine Performance\
Page 817 of 1501
I - SYSTEM/COMPONENT TESTS
1998 Mitsubishi Montero
1998 ENGINE PERFORMANCE
Mitsubishi - System & Component Testing
Diamante, Eclipse, Galant, Mirage, Montero, Montero Sport,
3000GT
INTRODUCTION
NOTE: Testing individual components does not isolate shorts or
opens. Perform all voltage tests using a Digital
Volt-Ohmmeter (DVOM) with minimum 10-megohm input impedance,
unless stated otherwise in test procedure. Use ohmmeter to
isolate wiring harness shorts or opens. Testing procedures
not covered in this article require a scan tool. See
G - TESTS W/CODES article.
Before testing separate components or systems, perform basic
diagnostic procedures in F - BASIC TESTING article. Since many
computer-controlled and monitored components set a diagnostic trouble
code if they malfunction, also perform self-diagnostics in G - TESTS
W/CODES article.
AIR INDUCTION SYSTEMS
TURBOCHARGER
Turbocharger Pressure Check
1) Disconnect Black turbocharger pressure control hose at
wastegate solenoid valve, and plug valve nipple. Attach pressure gauge
to hose. Drive vehicle and accelerate engine, in 2nd gear, to 3500 RPM
or more. Check turbocharger pressure when pressure gauge stabilizes.
See TURBOCHARGER PRESSURE SPECIFICATIONS table.
2) If pressure gauge reading is more than specified, check
wastegate actuator. See DTCs P1103 and P1104 in G - TESTS W/CODES
article. Replace wastegate actuator as required. If pressure gauge
reading is less than specified, check for malfunctioning wastegate
valve, turbocharger pressure leaks and faulty turbocharger.
TURBOCHARGER PRESSURE SPECIFICATIONS TABLE
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Application Pressure psi (kg/cm)
Eclipse ................................ 6.4-14.7 (.4-1.0)
3000GT ................................... 2.9-8.7 (.2-.6)
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Air By-Pass Valve
Remove air by-pass valve. Valve is mounted to intake air duct
between air-to-air intercooler and intake plenum. Apply vacuum to
diaphragm of vacuum valve. Valve should begin opening at approximately
16 in. Hg. Observe operation of valve through by-pass opening.
Wastegate Actuator Test
Actuator is mounted on turbocharger. For testing procedures,
see DTCs P1103 and P1104 in G - TESTS W/CODES article.
Wastegate Control Solenoid Valve Test
On Eclipse, valve is mounted to top back section of air
cleaner. On 3000GT, valve is mounted to firewall, beside EGR solenoid.
Page 1000 of 1501
Heated Oxygen Sensor
Front .................................... 29-33 (39-44)
Rear ..................................... 15-29 (20-39)
Heat Protector Bolts .................. 8.8-11 (12.0-15.0)
Intake Manifold Plenum Bolt/Nut .................. 13 (18)
Knock Sensor ............................... 15-18 (20-24)
Oil Return Pipe-To-Engine .................. 10-14 (14-19)
Oil Supply Pipe-To-Engine Nut .................... 14 (19)
Oil Supply Pipe-To-Turbocharger Nut .............. 14 (19)
Plenum-To-Intake Manifold Bolts ............ 11-15 (15-20)
Throttle Body .................................... 14 (19)
Turbocharger-To-Exhaust Manifold Bolt/Nut
Step 1 ......................................... 21 (29)
Step 2 ........................ Additional 60-70 Degrees
Water Pipe-To-Turbocharger
Eclipse .................................. 25-36 (34-49)
3000GT ......................................... 22 (30)
INCH Lbs. (N.m)
Camshaft Position Sensor .......................... 80 (9)
Crankshaft Position Sensor ........................ 80 (9)
Distributor Hold-Down Bolt ...................... 106 (12)
Engine Cover ............................. 22-40 (2.5-4.5)
Fuel Pressure Regulator ........................... 80 (9)
Fuel Pump Nuts .................................. 22 (2.5)
Fuel Rail Bolts ....................... 80-106 (9.0-12.0)
TP Sensor Screws ......................... 13-22 (1.5-2.5)
Wastegate Actuator Bolts ............... 80-106 (9.0-12.0)
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Page 1239 of 1501
![MITSUBISHI MONTERO 1998 Workshop Manual FINAL ANCHOR ARM BOLT PROTRUSION \
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Application/")
FINAL ANCHOR ARM BOLT PROTRUSION \
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Application/ Right Bolt Left Bolt
Model In. (mm) In. (mm\
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Montero ................... 3.15 (80.0) .............. 3.15 (80.0\
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4) To complete installation, reverse removal procedure.
Tighten bolts to specification. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS. Check
riding height and front wheel alignment. See WHEEL ALIGNMENT
SPECIFICATIONS & PROCEDURES article in WHEEL ALIGNMENT section.
UPPER BALL JOINT
Removal
1) Raise and support vehicle. Remove wheel assembly. Mark
torsion bar adjusting nut for reassembly reference. Release torsion
bar tension. Loosen, but DO NOT remove, upper ball joint-to-steering
knuckle nut.
2) Using Steering Linkage Puller (MB991406), separate ball
joint from steering knuckle. Remove ball joint nut from steering
knuckle. Remove ball joint-to-upper control arm bolts. Remove ball
joint.
Installation
Lubricate ball joint. To complete installation, reverse
removal procedure. Tighten bolts to specification. See
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS .
SHOCK ABSORBER & UPPER CONTROL ARM
Removal
1) Disconnect actuator on vehicles with Variable Shock
Absorbers. On all models, raise and support vehicle. Support lower
control arm using jackstand. Remove front wheels. Remove lower shock
absorber bolt. Remove nut from top of shock absorber and remove shock
assembly from vehicle.
2) Remove the bump stop from the bump stop bracket. Mark
anchor arm bolt for reassembly reference. Loosen anchor arm bolt to
release torsion bar tension. Disconnect and plug brake hose at frame
mount bracket.
3) Remove cotter pin from upper ball joint stud. Loosen, but
DO NOT remove, ball joint stud nut. Using Steering Linkage Puller
(MB991406), loosen ball joint from steering knuckle. Remove brake hose\
clip and rebound stopper. Remove rebound stopper and brake hose
support from control arm.
4) Remove ABS sensor bracket (if equipped) and rebound
stoppers. Remove upper control arm mounting bolts and shim(s). Note
direction of bolt installation and locations of camber adjustment
shims. Remove control arm. Remove upper ball joint from control arm.
Inspection
Inspect control arm for cracks and deformation. Check ball
joints. See BALL JOINT CHECKING under ADJUSTMENTS & INSPECTION.
Inspect ball joint dust cover for damage, and replace cover as
necessary.
Installation
1) To install, reverse removal procedure. Install control arm
bolts from outside of frame, with nuts against control arm. Install
the upper control with the marking "OUT" on shaft facing outside of
vehicle.