brake NISSAN ALMERA 2001 User Guide

TCM FUNCTION=NJAT0014S03The function of the TCM is to:
+Receive input signals sent from various switches and sensors.
+Determine required line pressure, shifting point, lock-up operation, and engine brake operation.
+Send required output signals to the respective solenoids.
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNAL OF TCMNJAT0014S04
Sensors, switches and solenoid
valvesFunction
InputPNP switch Detects select lever position and sends a signal to TCM.
Throttle position sensor Detects throttle valve position and sends a signal to TCM.
Closed throttle position switch Detects throttle valve's fully-closed position and sends a signal to TCM.
Wide open throttle position switchDetects a throttle valve position of greater than 1/2 of full throttle and sends
a signal to TCM.
Engine speed signal From ECM.
A/T fluid temperature sensor Detects transmission fluid temperature and sends a signal to TCM.
Revolution sensor Detects output shaft rpm and sends a signal to TCM.
Vehicle speed sensorUsed as an auxiliary vehicle speed sensor. Sends a signal when revolution
sensor (installed on transmission) malfunctions.
Overdrive control switchSends a signal, which prohibits a shift to ªD
4º (overdrive) position, to the
TCM.
Stop lamp switch Releases lock-up system when depressing pedal in lock-up condition.
OutputShift solenoid valve A/BSelects shifting point suited to driving conditions in relation to a signal sent
from TCM.
Line pressure solenoid valveRegulates (or decreases) line pressure suited to driving conditions in rela-
tion to a signal sent from TCM.
Torque converter clutch solenoid
valveRegulates (or decreases) lock-up pressure suited to driving conditions in
relation to a signal sent from TCM.
Overrun clutch solenoid valveControls an ªengine brakeº effect suited to driving conditions in relation to a
signal sent from TCM.
O/D OFF indicator lamp Shows TCM faults, when A/T control components malfunction.
Control MechanismNJAT0015LINE PRESSURE CONTROLNJAT0015S01TCM has various line pressure control characteristics to match the
driving conditions.
An ON-OFF duty signal is sent to the line pressure solenoid valve
based on TCM characteristics.
Hydraulic pressure on the clutch and brake is electronically con-
trolled through the line pressure solenoid valve to accommodate
engine torque. This results in smooth shift operation.
OVERALL SYSTEM
Control System (Cont'd)
AT-32

SAT003J
Normal ControlNJAT0015S0101The line pressure to throttle opening characteristics is set for suit-
able clutch operation.
SAT004J
Back-up Control (Engine brake)NJAT0015S0102If the selector lever is shifted to ª2º position while driving in D4(OD)
or D
3, great driving force is applied to the clutch inside the trans-
mission. Clutch operating pressure (line pressure) must be
increased to deal with this driving force.
SAT005J
During Shift ChangeNJAT0015S0103The line pressure is temporarily reduced corresponding to a
change in engine torque when shifting gears (that is, when the shift
solenoid valve is switched for clutch operation) to reduce shifting
shock.
At Low Fluid TemperatureNJAT0015S0104+Fluid viscosity and frictional characteristics of the clutch facing
change with fluid temperature. Clutch engaging or band-con-
tacting pressure is compensated for, according to fluid
temperature, to stabilize shifting quality.
SAT006J
+The line pressure is reduced below 60ÉC (140ÉF) to prevent
shifting shock due to low viscosity of automatic transmission
fluid when temperature is low.
OVERALL SYSTEM
Control Mechanism (Cont'd)
AT-33

SAT007J
+Line pressure is increased to a maximum irrespective of the
throttle opening when fluid temperature drops to þ10ÉC (14ÉF).
This pressure rise is adopted to prevent a delay in clutch and
brake operation due to extreme drop of fluid viscosity at low
temperature.
SHIFT CONTROLNJAT0015S02The shift is regulated entirely by electronic control to accommodate
vehicle speed and varying engine operations. This is accomplished
by electrical signals transmitted by the revolution sensor and
throttle position sensor. This results in improved acceleration per-
formance and fuel economy.
SAT008J
Control of Shift Solenoid Valves A and BNJAT0015S0201The TCM activates shift solenoid valves A and B according to sig-
nals from the throttle position sensor and revolution sensor to
select the optimum gear position on the basis of the shift schedule
memorized in the TCM.
The shift solenoid valve performs simple ON-OFF operation. When
set to ªONº, the drain circuit closes and pilot pressure is applied to
the shift valve.
Relation Between Shift Solenoid Valves A and B and
Gear Positions
NJAT0015S0203
Shift solenoid valveGear position
D
1,21,11D2,22,12D3D4(OD) N-P
A ON (Closed) OFF (Open) OFF (Open) ON (Closed) ON (Closed)
B ON (Closed) ON (Closed) OFF (Open) OFF (Open) ON (Closed)
Control of Shift Valves A and BNJAT0015S0202
SAT009J
OVERALL SYSTEM
Control Mechanism (Cont'd)
AT-34

Torque Converter Clutch Control Valve OperationNJAT0015S0303
AAT155A
Lock-up released
The OFF-duration of the torque converter clutch solenoid valve is
long, and pilot pressure is high. The pilot pressure pushes the end
face of the torque converter clutch control valve in combination with
spring force to move the valve to the left. As a result, converter
pressure is applied to chamber A (torque converter clutch piston
release side). Accordingly, the torque converter clutch piston
remains unlocked.
Lock-up applied
When the OFF-duration of the torque converter clutch solenoid
valve is short, pilot pressure drains and becomes low. Accordingly,
the control valve moves to the right by the pilot pressure of the
other circuit and converter pressure. As a result, converter pres-
sure is applied to chamber B, keeping the torque converter clutch
piston applied.
Also smooth lock-up is provided by transient application and
release of the lock-up.
OVERRUN CLUTCH CONTROL (ENGINE BRAKE
CONTROL)
NJAT0015S04Forward one-way clutch is used to reduce shifting shocks in down-
shifting operations. This clutch transmits engine torque to the
wheels. However, drive force from the wheels is not transmitted to
the engine because the one-way clutch rotates idle. This means the
engine brake is not effective.
The overrun clutch operates when the engine brake is needed.
Overrun Clutch Operating ConditionsNJAT0015S0401
Selector lever position Gear position Throttle opening
ªDº position D
1,D2,D3gear position
Less than 3/16
ª2º position 2
1,22gear position
ª1º position 1
1,12gear position At any position
SAT014J
OVERALL SYSTEM
Control Mechanism (Cont'd)
AT-36

SAT015J
Overrun Clutch Solenoid Valve ControlNJAT0015S0402The overrun clutch solenoid valve is operated by an ON-OFF sig-
nal transmitted by the TCM to provide overrun clutch control
(engine brake control).
When this solenoid valve is ªONº, the pilot pressure drain port
closes. When it is ªOFFº, the drain port opens.
During the solenoid valve ªONº pilot pressure is applied to the end
face of the overrun clutch control valve.
SAT016J
Overrun Clutch Control Valve OperationNJAT0015S0403When the solenoid valve is ªONº, pilot pressure is applied to the
overrun clutch control valve. This pushes up the overrun clutch
control valve. The line pressure is then shut off so that the clutch
does not engage.
When the solenoid valve is ªOFFº, pilot pressure is not generated.
At this point, the overrun clutch control valve moves downward by
spring force. As a result, overrun clutch operation pressure is pro-
vided by the overrun clutch reducing valve. This causes the over-
run clutch to engage.
In the 1 position, the overrun clutch control valve remains pushed
down so that the overrun clutch is engaged at all times.
Control ValveNJAT0016FUNCTION OF CONTROL VALVESNJAT0016S01
Valve name Function
Pressure regulator valve, plug
and sleeveRegulates oil discharged from the oil pump to provide optimum line pressure for all driving
conditions.
Pressure modifier valve and
sleeveUsed as a signal supplementary valve to the pressure regulator valve. Regulates pressure-
modifier pressure (signal pressure) which controls optimum line pressure for all driving condi-
tions.
Pilot valve Regulates line pressure to maintain a constant pilot pressure level which controls lock-up
mechanism, overrun clutch, shift timing.
Accumulator control valve Regulates accumulator back-pressure to pressure suited to driving conditions.
Manual valve Directs line pressure to oil circuits corresponding to select positions.
Hydraulic pressure drains when the shift lever is in Neutral.
Shift valve A Simultaneously switches four oil circuits using output pressure of shift solenoid valve A to
meet driving conditions (vehicle speed, throttle opening, etc.).
Provides automatic downshifting and up-shifting (1st®2nd®3rd®4th gears/4th®3rd®
2nd®1st gears) in combination with shift valve B.
OVERALL SYSTEM
Control Mechanism (Cont'd)
AT-37

Valve name Function
Shift valve B Simultaneously switches three oil circuits using output pressure of shift solenoid valve B in
relation to driving conditions (vehicle speed, throttle opening, etc.).
Provides automatic downshifting and up-shifting (1st®2nd®3rd®4th gears/4th®3rd®
2nd®1st gears) in combination with shift valve A.
Overrun clutch control valve Switches hydraulic circuits to prevent engagement of the overrun clutch simultaneously with
application of the brake band in D
4. (Interlocking occurs if the overrun clutch engages during
D
4.)
1st reducing valve Reduces low & reverse brake pressure to dampen engine-brake shock when down-shifting
from the ª1º position 1
2to 11.
Overrun clutch reducing valve Reduces oil pressure directed to the overrun clutch and prevents engine-brake shock.
In ª1º and ª2º positions, line pressure acts on the overrun clutch reducing valve to increase
the pressure-regulating point, with resultant engine brake capability.
Torque converter relief valve Prevents an excessive rise in torque converter pressure.
Torque converter clutch control
valve, plug and sleeveActivates or inactivates the lock-up function.
Also provides smooth lock-up through transient application and release of the lock-up system.
1-2 accumulator valve and piston Dampens the shock encountered when 2nd gear band servo contracts, and provides smooth
shifting.
3-2 timing valve Switches oil pressure with 3-2 timing valve according to throttle opening.
Shuttle control valve Reduces shock when down-shifting from 3rd to 2nd and regulates overrun clutch.
Cooler check valve Regulates oil pressure which causes lock-up when driving at low speeds.
OVERALL SYSTEM
Control Valve (Cont'd)
AT-38

Item DisplayMonitor item
Description Remarks
ECU input
signalsMain sig-
nals
ASCD OD cut signal ASCD-OD CUT
[ON/OFF]
XÐ+Status of ASCD OD
release signal is dis-
played.
ON ... OD released
OFF ... OD not released+This is displayed even
when no ASCD is
mounted.
Kickdown switch KICKDOWN SW
[ON/OFF]
XÐ+ON/OFF status, com-
puted from signal of
kickdown SW, is dis-
played.+This is displayed even
when no kickdown
switch is equipped.
Closed throttle position
switchCLOSED
THL/SW
[ON/OFF]XÐ+ON/OFF status, com-
puted from signal of
closed throttle position
SW, is displayed.
Wide open throttle position
switchW/O THRL/P-SW
[ON/OFF]
XÐ+ON/OFF status, com-
puted from signal of
wide open throttle posi-
tion SW, is displayed.
Gear position GEAR
ÐX+Gear position data used
for computation by
TCM, is displayed.
Selector lever position SLCT LVR POSI
ÐX+Selector lever position
data, used for computa-
tion by TCM, is dis-
played.+A specific value used
for control is displayed if
fail-safe is activated due
to error.
Vehicle speed VEHICLE SPEED
[km/h] or [mph] Ð X+Vehicle speed data,
used for computation by
TCM, is displayed.
Stop lamp switch BRAKE SW
[ON/OFF]
XÐ+ON/OFF status are dis-
played.
ON: Brake pedal is
depressed.
OFF: Brake pedal is
released.
Throttle position THROTTLE POSI
[/8]
ÐX+Throttle position data,
used for computation by
TCM, is displayed.+A specific value used
for control is displayed if
fail-safe is activated due
to error.
Line pressure duty LINE PRES DTY
[%]
ÐX+Control value of line
pressure solenoid valve,
computed by TCM from
each input signal, is dis-
played.
Torque converter clutch
solenoid valve dutyTCC S/V DUTY
[%]
ÐX+Control value of torque
converter clutch sole-
noid valve, computed by
TCM from each input
signal, is displayed.
ON BOARD DIAGNOSTIC
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
EXCEPT FOR EURO-OBD
CONSULT-II (Cont'd)
AT-42

Item DisplayMonitor item
Description Remarks
ECU input
signalsMain sig-
nals
R position switch R POSITION SW
[ON/OFF] X Ð+ON/OFF state computed
from signal of R position
SW is displayed.
D position switch D POSITION SW
[ON/OFF] X Ð+ON/OFF state computed
from signal of D position
SW is displayed.
2 position switch 2 POSITION SW
[ON/OFF]
XÐ+ON/OFF status, com-
puted from signal of 2
position SW, is dis-
played.
1 position switch 1 POSITION SW
[ON/OFF]
XÐ+ON/OFF status, com-
puted from signal of 1
position SW, is dis-
played.
ASCD cruise signal ASCD-CRUISE
[ON/OFF]
XÐ+Status of ASCD cruise
signal is displayed.
ON ... Cruising state
OFF ... Normal running
state+This is displayed even
when no ASCD is
mounted.
ASCD OD cut signal ASCD-OD CUT
[ON/OFF]
XÐ+Status of ASCD OD
release signal is dis-
played.
ON ... OD released
OFF ... OD not released+This is displayed even
when no ASCD is
mounted.
Kickdown switch KICKDOWN SW
[ON/OFF]
XÐ+ON/OFF status, com-
puted from signal of
kickdown SW, is dis-
played.+This is displayed even
when no kickdown
switch is equipped.
Closed throttle position
switchCLOSED
THL/SW
[ON/OFF]XÐ+ON/OFF status, com-
puted from signal of
closed throttle position
SW, is displayed.
Wide open throttle position
switchW/O THRL/P-SW
[ON/OFF]
XÐ+ON/OFF status, com-
puted from signal of
wide open throttle posi-
tion SW, is displayed.
Gear position GEAR
ÐX+Gear position data used
for computation by
TCM, is displayed.
Selector lever position SLCT LVR POSI
ÐX+Selector lever position
data, used for computa-
tion by TCM, is dis-
played.+A specific value used for
control is displayed if
fail-safe is activated due
to error.
Vehicle speed VEHICLE
SPEED
[km/h] or [mph]ÐX+Vehicle speed data,
used for computation by
TCM, is displayed.
Stop lamp switch BRAKE SW
[ON/OFF]
XÐ+ON/OFF status are dis-
played.
ON: Brake pedal is
depressed.
OFF: Brake pedal is
released.
ON BOARD DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM
DESCRIPTION
EURO-OBD
CONSULT-II (Cont'd)
AT-58

Diagnostic Worksheet=NJAT0023S0102
1.NRead the Fail-safe and listen to customer complaints. AT-9
2.NCHECK A/T FLUIDAT-80
NLeakage (Follow specified procedure)
NFluid condition
NFluid level
3.NPerform STALL TEST and LINE PRESSURE TEST. AT-80, 84
NStall test Ð Mark possible damaged components/others.
NTorque converter one-way clutch
NReverse clutch
NForward clutch
NOverrun clutch
NForward one-way clutchNLow & reverse brake
NLow one-way clutch
NEngine
NLine pressure is low
NClutches and brakes except high clutch
and brake band are OK
NLine Pressure test Ð Suspected parts:
4.NPerform all ROAD TEST and mark required procedures. AT-85
4-1. Check before engine is started. AT-87
NSELF-DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE Ð Mark detected items.
NVehicle speed sensor´A/T (Revolution sensor), AT-126.
NVehicle speed sensor´MTR, AT-131.
NThrottle position sensor, AT-134.
NShift solenoid valve A, AT-142.
NShift solenoid valve B, AT-148.
NOverrun clutch solenoid valve, AT-154.
NTorque converter clutch solenoid valve, AT-159.
NA/T fluid temperature sensor and TCM power source, AT-165.
NEngine speed signal, AT-172.
NLine pressure solenoid valve, AT-176.
NControl unit (RAM), control unit (ROM), AT-286.
NControl unit (EEP ROM), AT-288.
NPNP, overdrive control and throttle position switches, AT-334.
NBattery
NOthers
4-2. Check at idleAT-89
N1. O/D OFF Indicator Lamp Does Not Come On, AT-296.
N2. Engine Cannot Be Started In ªPº And ªNº Position, AT-299.
N3. In ªPº Position, Vehicle Moves Forward Or Backward When Pushed, AT-300.
N4. In ªNº Position, Vehicle Moves, AT-301.
N5. Large Shock. ªNº®ªRº Position, AT-303.
N6. Vehicle Does Not Creep Backward In ªRº Position, AT-305.
N7. Vehicle Does Not Creep Forward In ªDº, ª2º Or ª1º Position, AT-308.
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS Ð
INTRODUCTION
EXCEPT FOR EURO-OBD
Introduction (Cont'd)
AT-71

4. 4-3. Cruise testAT-92
AT-95
Part-1
N8. Vehicle Cannot Be Started From D
1, AT-311.
N9. A/T Does Not Shift: D
1®D2Or Does Not Kickdown: D4®D2, AT-314.
N10. A/T Does Not Shift: D
2®D3, AT-317.
N11. A/T Does Not Shift: D
3®D4, AT-320.
N12. A/T Does Not Perform Lock-up, AT-323.
N13. A/T Does Not Hold Lock-up Condition, AT-325.
N14. Lock-up Is Not Released, AT-327.
N15. Engine Speed Does Not Return To Idle (Light Braking D
4®D3), AT-328.
Part-2AT-99
N16. Vehicle Does Not Start From D
1, AT-330.
N9. A/T Does Not Shift: D
1®D2Or Does Not Kickdown: D4®D2, AT-314.
N10. A/T Does Not Shift: D
2®D3, AT-317.
N11. A/T Does Not Shift: D
3®D4, AT-320.
Part-3AT-101
N17. A/T Does Not Shift: D
4®D3When Overdrive Control Switch ªONº®ªOFFº, AT-331
N15. Engine Speed Does Not Return To Idle (Engine Brake In D
3), AT-328.
N18. A/T Does Not Shift: D
3®22, When Selector Lever ªDº®ª2º Position, AT-332.
N15. Engine Speed Does Not Return To Idle (Engine Brake In 2
2), AT-328.
N19. A/T Does Not Shift: 2
2®11, When Selector Lever ª2º®ª1º Position, AT-333.
N20. Vehicle Does Not Decelerate By Engine Brake, AT-334.
N21. TCM Self-diagnosis Does Not Activate (PNP, Overdrive Control and Throttle Position Switches
Circuit Checks), AT-334.
NSELF-DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE Ð Mark detected items.
NVehicle speed sensor´A/T (Revolution sensor), AT-126.
NVehicle speed sensor´MTR, AT-131.
NThrottle position sensor, AT-134.
NShift solenoid valve A, AT-142.
NShift solenoid valve B, AT-148.
NOverrun clutch solenoid valve, AT-154.
NTorque converter clutch solenoid valve, AT-159.
NA/T fluid temperature sensor and TCM power source, AT-165.
NEngine speed signal, AT-172.
NLine pressure solenoid valve, AT-176.
NControl unit (RAM), control unit (ROM), AT-286.
NControl unit (EEP ROM), AT-288.
NPNP, overdrive control and throttle position switches, AT-334.
NBattery
NOthers
5.NFor self-diagnosis NG items, inspect each component. Repair or replace the damaged parts. AT-40
6.NPerform all ROAD TEST and re-mark required procedures. AT-85
7.NPerform the Diagnostic Procedures for all remaining items marked NG. Repair or replace the damaged
parts.
Refer to the Symptom Chart when you perform the procedures. (The chart also shows some other possible
symptoms and the component inspection orders.)AT-118
AT-105
8.NErase self-diagnosis code from TCM memories. AT-43
AT-49
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS Ð
INTRODUCTION
EXCEPT FOR EURO-OBD
Introduction (Cont'd)
AT-72