Engine NISSAN ALMERA N15 1995 Service Manual

DESCRIPTION
Shift Mechanism
CONSTRUCTION

18

,:-1
SAT214H

ill
Torque converter

@
Oilpump

@
Input shaft

@
Brake band

@
Reverse clutch

@
High clutch

o
Front sungear

@
Front pinion gear
@

Front internal gear

@l
Front planetary carrier

@
Rear sungear

@
Rear pinion gear

@
Rear internal gear

@
Rear planetary carrier

@
Forward clutch

@
Forward one-way clutch
@

Overrun clutch

@
Lowone-way clutch

@
Low
&
reverse brake

@
Parking pawl

@
Parking gear

@
Output shaft

@
Idlegear

@
Output gear

FUNCTION OFCLUTCH ANDBRAKE

Glutch andbrake components Abbr. Function
Reverse clutch
RIG
To
transmit inputpower tofront sungear
High clutch
HIG
To
transmit inputpower tofront planetary carrier
Forward clutch
FIG
To
connect frontplanetary carrierwithforward one-way clutch
Overrun clutch
OIG
To
connect frontplanetary carrierwithrearinternal gear
Brake band BIBTo
lock front sungear
Forward one-way clutch
F/O.G
When
forward clutchisengaged, tostop rearinternai gearfrom rotat-
ing inopposite direction againstenginespeed
Low one-way clutch LlO.GTo
stop front planetary carrierfromrotating inopposite direction
against enginespeed
Low
&
reverse brake L
&
RIB To
lock front planetary carrier

AT-14

DESCRIPTION
Shift Mechanism (Cont'd)
OPERATION OFCLUTCH ANDBRAKE

Bandservo
ForwardLow
Low
&

Shift posi- Reverse
HighForward
Overrun
Lock-upRemarks
tion clutch clutchclutchclutch 2nd
3rd4thone-way
one-way reverse
apply release
applyclutch
clutch brake
P PARK
POSITION
0 0REVERSE
POSI-
R TION
N NEUTRAL
POSI-
TION
1st 0'10

••

D 2nd
0'10
0

•
Automatic
shift
'4 00'10
'2@
@

•
1<-->2<-->3<-->4
3rd
4th 0@ '3@
@0
0
1st 00

••
Automatic
shift
2 1<-->2
2nd 00 0

•

1st 00

•
•
0
Locks
(heldsta-
1 tionary)
in1st
2nd 00 0

•
speed
1
<--
2
'1 Operates whenoverdrive switchissel to"OFF".
'2 Oilpressure isapplied toboth 2nd"apply" sideand3rd"release" sideofband servo piston. However, brakebanddoes notcontract
because oilpressure areaonthe "release" sideisgreater thanthatonthe "apply" side.
'3 Oilpressure isapplied to4th "apply" sideincondition '2above, andbrake bandcontracts.

'4 AIT
will notshift to4th when overdrive switchisset to"OFF" position.

o
Operates.
• Operates. During"progressive" acceleration.
@ Operates butdoes notaffect power transmission.

Control System
CONTROL SYSTEM

Engine
AIT
•

Lock-up cancel
solenoid'1
Overdrive
control switch
1:1

Governor valve

I
11
1

I

1
1

OD cancel solenoid :

; I

L
J
AT-15
'1:
Equipped onmodel
34X69, 34X70and34X80
: Electrical signal
.... :Hydraulic pressure

SAT985HA

Fluidleakage TROUBLE
DIAGNOSES
Preliminary Check(PriortoRoad Testing)
AIT FLUID CHECK
Fluid leakage check

1. Clean areasuspected ofleaking, -for example, mating
surface ofconverter housingandtransmission case.
2. Start engine, applyfootbrake, placeselector leverin"0"
position andwait afew minutes.
3. Stop engine.
4. Check forfresh leakage.

SAT288G
Fluidcondition check
Fluid levelcheck -Refer toMA section (CHASSIS AND
BODY MAINTENANCE).
Fluid
color
Oark orblack withburned odor
Milky pink
Varnished fluid,lighttodark brown
and tacky Suspected
problem
Wear offrictional material
Water contamination
- Road water entering through
filler tubeorbreather
Oxidation
- Over orunder filling
- Overheating

•

Road Testing

Perform roadtests using "Symptom" chart.Refertopage

AT-20.

"P"
POSITION

1. Place selector leverin"P" position andstart engine. Stop
engine andrepeat theprocedure inall positions, including
neutral position.
2. Stop vehicle onaslight upgrade andplace selector leverin
"P" position. Releaseparkingbraketomake surevehicle
remains locked.

"R"
POSITION

1. Manually moveselector leverfrom"P"to"R", andnote
shift quality.
2. Drive vehicle inreverse longenough todetect slippage or
other abnormalities.

"N"
POSITION

1. Manually moveselector leverfrom"R"and"0"to"N" and
note shift quality.
2. Release parkingbrakewithselector leverin"N" position.
Lightly depress accelerator pedaltomake surevehicle
does notmove. (When vehicle isnew orsoon afterclutches
have been replaced, vehiclemaymove slightly. Thisisnot
a problem.)

AT-17

SAT497GTROUBLE
DIAGNOSES
Road Testing (Cont'd)

"0"
POSITION

1. Manually moveselector leverfrom"N"to"D" position, and
note shiftquality.
2. Using theshift schedule asareference, drivevehicle in"D"
position. Record,onsymptom chart,respective vehicle
speeds atwhich up-shifting anddown-shifting occur.These
speeds aretobe read atthree different throttlepositions
(light, halfandfull), respectively. Alsodetermine thetiming
at which shocks areencountered duringshifting andwhich
clutches areengaged.

SAT612GA
3.Determine whetherlock-upproperly occurswhiledriving
vehicle inproper gearposition andatproper vehicle speed.
4. Check todetermine ifshifting tooverdrive gearcannot be
made whileODcontrol switchis"OFF".
5. Drive vehicle in"D
3"
position athalf tolight throttle posi-
tion. Keep driving at60 to70 km/h (34to43 MPH). FUlly
depress accelerator pedaltomake suretransaxle down-
shifts from3rdto2nd gear.
6. Drive vehicle in"D
2"
position athalf tolight throttle posi-
tion. Keep driving at25 to35 km/h (16to22 MPH). Fully
depress accelerator pedaltomake suretransaxle down-
shifts from2ndto1st gear.

"2"
POSITION

1. Shift to"2" position andmake surevehicle startsin1st
gear.
2. Increase vehiclespeedtomake suretransaxle upshiftsfrom
1st to2nd gear.
3. Further increase vehiclespeed.Makesuretransaxle does
not upshift to3rd gear.
4. Drive vehicle in"2
2"
position athalf tolight throttle position.
Keep driving at25 to35 km/h (16to22 MPH). Fullydepress
accelerator pedaltomake suretransaxle downshifts from
2nd to1st gear.
5. Allow vehicle torun idle while in"2" position tomake sure
that transaxle downshifts to1st gear.
6. Move selector leverto"D" position andallow vehicle to
operate at30 to40 km/h (19to25 MPH). Then,shiftto"2"
position tomake suretransaxle downshifts to2nd gear.

"1"
POSITION

1. Place selector leverin"1" position andaccelerate vehicle.
Make suretransaxle doesnotshift from 1stto2nd gear
although vehiclespeedincreases.
2. Drive vehicle in"1" position. Releaseaccelerator pedalto
make surethatengine compression actsasabrake.
3. Place selector leverin"D" or"2" position andallow vehi-
cle torun at15 to25 km/h (9to 16 MPH). Thenmove selec-
tor lever to"1" position tomake suretransaxle downshifts
to 1st gear.

AT-18

TROUBLEDIAGNOSES
Road Testing (Cont'd)
ROAD TESTSYMPTOM CHART
~
ON
VEHICLE

~
Numbers arearranged inorder ofprobability.
Perform inspections startingwithnumber one
and work up.
Circled numbers indicatethatthetransaxle
Q)Q)
must beremoved fromthevehicle.
>
>

Ol

Iii Iii

c:

>
Q)
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>>

Q)

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C

Iii

e
>

: Valve expected tobe malfunctioning

Iii
2
>
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C
>

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c:Q) Q)
~

0"
ro
Q)

"lJ

B
0

~

0-

od
ro
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'0
~

(/)

"3
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Ol
~Q)Q)
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Ol
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.l:l
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c:
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0
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I-
W

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0
l-
N
0

Sharp shocks inshifting from"N"to"D" position
2
53

4
7

When shifting from1stto2nd or
24
3
6

2nd to3rd
When shifting from3rdto4th
24
3
5

When shifting fromDto 2and 1
Shift shocks
position.
When ODswitch isset from 2
43
5

"ON" to"OFF"
When shifting from2ndto1st in
24
3
5

"1" position
When shifting from1stto2nd
24 3
5

Shift slippage whenupshifting
Whenshifting from2ndto3rd
24
3
6

When shifting from3rdto4th
24 3
5

When shifting from4thto2nd
2
5
3
6

Shift slippage withaccelerator
Whenshifting from4thto3rd
24
3
6

pedal depressed
Whenshifting from4thto1st
and shifting from3rdto1st 2

5
3

6

When vehicle starts
243

6

Poor power/acceleration
Whenupshifting
24
3
7

When shifting from"D"to"2"
24
3
5

and" 1"position
No engine braking When
ODswitch isset from
24
3
7

"ON" to"OFF"
When shifting from2ndto1st in

2
4
3
5

"1" position
Too Iowa gearchange point
from 2ndto3rd and from 3rdto
32

6

2nd.
Too high agear change point
from 2ndto3rd and from 3rdto
32
6

Shift quality
2nd.
Too Iowa gearchange point

3
2

6

from 2ndto1st in"1" position.
Too high agear change point

3
2

6

from 2ndto1st in"1" position.

AT-20

TROUBLEDIAGNOSES
Road Testing (Cont'd)

Numbers arearranged inorder ofprobability.

~

ONVEHICLE
..

Perform inspections startingwithnumber one
and work up.
Circled numbers indicatethatthetransaxle
must beremoved fromthevehicle.

(J)(J)

> >

01
0;
0;

. Valve expected tobe malfunctioning
c:

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>>

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c
0;
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0;

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rr

III
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0.

oil
III
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rtl

:;
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(J)
£

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£

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01

>>
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>>>
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c: :0 c:

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0;0;
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III III

rtl
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rtl

0;

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a; ~
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N
0

Failure tochange gearfrom 4th
to 2nd with accelerator pedal
32
6

depressed.
Failure tochange gearfrom3rd
to 2nd with accelerator pedal
32
6

depressed.
Failure tochange gearfrom 1st
32

6

to 2nd in"0" and"2"position.
Shift quality Vehicledoesnotstart from
32
6

"1st" in"0" and"2"position.
Failure tochange gearto3rd
32
6

and 4thin"0" position.
Changes gearto1st directly
when selector leverisset from
32

6

"D"
to"1" position.
Changes gearto2nd in"1"

3
2
6

position.
Lock-up pointisextremely high
32

6

or low.
Lock-up quality Torque
converter doesnotlock-
32
7

up.
Lock-up isnot released when
2
accelerator pedalisreleased.
Engine doesnotstart in"P" and "N" positions orengine starts

2
3
in positions otherthan"P"and "N" positions.
Vehicle moveswithselector leverin"P" position.

AT-22

TROUBLEDIAGNOSES
Stall Tasting
STALL TESTPROCEDURE

1. Check
AIT
and engine fluidlevels. Ifnecessary, addfluid.
2. Drive vehicle forabout 10minutes untilengine oiland ATF
reach operating temperature.

ATF operating temperature:
50 -80
0
e (122-176°F)
SAT6478
3.Set parking brakeandblock wheels.
4. Install atachometer whereitcan beseen bydriver during
test.

SAT513G 5.
~ ~ID
•

~c;>
SAT7678
Start
engine, applyfootbrake, andplace selector leverin

"0"
position.
6. Accelerate towide-open throttlegradually whileapplying
foot brake.
7. Quickly notetheengine stallrevolution andimmediately
release throttle.

• During test,never holdthrottle wide-open formore than5
seconds. Stall revolution .standard:
Refer toSDS, AT-166.
SAT514G
8.Move selector leverto"N" position.
9. Cool offATF.

• Run engine atidle foratleast oneminute.

10. Repeat steps5through 9with selector leverin"2", "1"and
"R
n
positions.

SAT7718 AT-24

JUDGEMENT OFSTALL TEST

Selector leverposition
TROUBLE
DIAGNOSES
Stall Tasting (Cont'd)

Judgement
D

2

R

Damaged components
Forward one-way
cluth
Hydraulic circuitfor
line pressure control
(Line pressure islow.)
D

2

R

Selector leverposition H

H

H

o

H

H

H
H
o
o
o

H

o
o
o
o

Judgement

AT-25
L

L

L

L
o
:
Stall
revolution
isnormal.
H :Stall revolution ishigher
than specified.
L :Stall revolution islower
than specified.
Engine
Torque converter
one-way clutch
Reverse clutch
Low one-way clutch
Clutches andbrakes except
high clutch, brakebandand
overrun clutchareOK.
(Condition ofhigh clutch,
brake bandandoverrun
clutch cannot beconfirmed by
stall test.)

SAT871H
•

TROUBLEDIAGNOSES

Pressure Testing
• Location ofpressure testport.
• Always replace pressure plugsasthey areself-sealing
bolts.

Test portfor
line pressure governor
pressure

SAT565D
LINEPRESSURE TESTPROCEDURE

1. Check AfTand engine fluidlevels. Ifnecessary, addfluid.
2. Drive vehicle forabout 10minutes untilengine oiland ATF
reach operating temperature.
ATF operating temperature:
50 -80°C (122-176°F)

SAT647B
3.Install pressure gaugetoline pressure port.
4. Set parking brakeandblock wheels.
Continue todepress brakepedalfullywhile performing line
pressure testatstall speed.

SAT513G
5.Start engine andmeasure linepressure atidle and stall
speed. Line pressure:
Refer toSOS, AT-166.

JUDGEMENT OFLINE PRESSURE TEST

• Ifline pressure doesnotrise, firstcheck tomake surethat
throttle wireisconnected properly.
1) When linepressure whileidling
is
low atall positions ("D",
"2", "1", "R"and"P"), theproblem maybedue to:

SAT494G •
Wear oninterior ofoil pump

AT-26

'-)
(

~)o

Front

SAT498GTROUBLE
DIAGNOSES
Pressure Testing(Cont'd)

• Oilleakage ator around oilpump, control valvebody, trans-
mission caseorgovernor
• Sticking pressure regulator valve
• Sticking pressure modifiervalve
2) When linepressure whileidling islow ataparticular
position, checkthefollowing.
• Ifoil leaks ator around low
&
reverse brakecircuit, line
pressure becomes lowin"R" position. Butline pressure is
normal in"P", "D", "2"or"1" position.
3) When linepressure ishigh while idling, pressure regulator
valve mayhave stuck.

GOVERNOR PRESSURETESTING

1. Check
AIT
and engine fluidlevels. Ifnecessary, addfluid.
2 .. Drive vehicle forabout 10minutes untilengine oiland ATF
reach operating temperature.

ATF operating temperature:
50 -80°C (122-176°F)

3. Install pressure gaugetogovernor pressureport.
4. Set parking brakeandblock rearwheels.
5. Jack upfront wheels.
6. Set selector leverinDposition anddrive vehicle.

Be careful ofrotating wheels.
•

Governor pressure:
• Governor pressureisnot generated whenvehicle is
stopped. (frontwheels arenotrotating.)
• Governor pressurerisesgradually inresponse tovehicle
speed. (frontwheel rotating speed.)

If not, check governor valveassembly. RefertoAT-36.

AT-27