air conditioning NISSAN ALMERA N15 1995 Service Manual

ENGINECONTROL SYSTEM
SECTION
EC
CONTENTS
•

PRECAUTIONS ANDPREPARATION
4

Special Service Tools 4
Supplemental RestraintSystem(SRS)"AIR
BAG" (DualAirBag System) 7
Supplemental RestraintSystem(SRS)"AIR
BAG" (Single AirBag System) 7
GA,SR
PRECAUTIONS ANDPREPARATION
8

Engine Fuel
&
Emission ControlSystem 8
Precautions forECCS Trouble Diagnosis of
Engine 9
Precautions 9
ENGINE ANDEMISSION CONTROLOVERALL
SYSTEM 11
Circuit Diagram -Except forAustralia 11
Circuit Diagram -For Australia 12
System Diagram -GA 14DE, GA16DE for
Europe andIsrael 13
System Diagram -GA15DE 14
System Diagram -GA 16DE except for
Europe, IsraelandAustralia 15
System Diagram -GA 16DE forAustralia 16
ECCS Component PartsLocation -GA 14DE,
GA 16DE forEurope andIsrael 17
ECCS Component PartsLocation -GA15DE 18
ECCS Component PartsLocation -GA 16DE
except forEurope, IsraelandAustralia 19
ECCS Component PartsLocation -GA 16DE
for Austral ia 20
ECCS Component PartsLocation 21
Vacuum HoseDrawing 22

c=
~

GA
ENGINE
ANDEMISSION BASICCONTROL
SYSTEM DESCRiPTION 23
System Chart.. 23
Multiport FuelInjection (MFI)System 24
Distributor Ignition(01)System 27
Air Conditioning CutControl 28
Fuel CutControl (atnoload &high engine
speed) 28
EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONSYSTEM
29

Inspection 29
POSITIVE CRANKCASE VENTILATION 31
Description 31
Inspection 32
BASIC SERVICE PROCEDURE 33
Fuel Pressure Release 33
Fuel Pressure Check 33
Fuel Pressure Regulator Check 33
Injector Removal andInstallation 34
Idle Speed/lgnition Timing/ldleMixtureRatio
Adjustment ,35
ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMDESCRIPTION .44
Malfunction IndicatorLamp(MIL) 44
CONSULT .48
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS -General Description
58

Introduction 58
Work Flow 59
Description forWork Flow 60
Diagnostic Worksheet 61
Diagnostic TroubleCode(DTC) Chart 62
Fail-Safe Chart 64
Basic Inspection 65
Fast IdleCam (FIC) Inspection and
Adjustment -For Europe andIsrael 68
Fast IdleCam (FIC) Inspection and
Adjustment -Except forEurope andIsrael. 68
Symptom MatrixChart 71

CONTENTS(Cont'd.)

CONSULT Reference ValueinData Monitor
Mode 74
Major Sensor Reference GraphinData
Monitor Mode 76
ECM Terminals andReference Value 78

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORPOWER SUPPLY 88

Main Power Supply andGround Circuit.. 88

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORDTC11 94

Camshaft PositionSensor(CMPS) 94

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORDTC
12 101
Mass AirFlow Sensor (MAFS) 101

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORDTC
13 108
Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor(ECTS) 108

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORDTC
21 113
Ignition Signal 113

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORDTC
34 119
Knock Sensor (KS) 119

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORDTC
41 124
Intake AirTemperature Sensor(IATS) 124

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORNON-DETECTABLE
ITEMS , '"
.128
Throttle Position Sensor 128
Vehicle SpeedSensor (VSS) 133
Start Signal 138
Injector 141
Fuel Pump 145
Idle AirControl Valve(IACV) -Auxiliary Air
Control (AAC)Valve 150
Cooling FanControl 156
Power Steering OilPressure Switch 169
Park/Neutral PositionSwitch 173
EVAP Canister PurgeControl Solenoid Valve179
EGR Valve andEVAP Canister PurgeControl
Solenoid Valve 183
Heated Oxygen Sensor(H02S) 189
Oxygen Sensor(02S) 194
Valve Timing Control (VTC) 198
IACV-FICD SolenoidValve 204
Electrical LoadSignal 211
Torque Converter ClutchSolenoid Valve 219
MIL
&
Data LinkConnectors 223

SR
ENGINE ANDEMISSION CONTROL OVERALL
SYSTE M
226
Circuit Diagram 226
System Diagram 227
ECCS Component PartsLocation 228
Vacuum HoseDrawing 231
System Chart... 232
ENGINE
ANDEMISSION BASICCONTROL
SYSTEM DESCRiPTION
233
Multipart FuelInjection (MFI)System 233
Distributor Ignition
(01)
System 235
Air Conditioning CutControl 236
Fuel CutControl (atnoload
&
high engine
speed) 237

EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONSYSTEM
238
Description 238
Inspection 238

POSITIVE CRANKCASE VENTILATION
240
Description 240
Inspection 240

BASIC SERVICE
PROCEDURE 241
Fuel Pressure Release 241
Fuel Pressure Check 241
Fuel Pressure Regulator Check 242
Injector Removal andInstallation 242
Idle Speed/Ignition Timing/IdleMixtureRatio
Adjustment 243

ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMDESCRIPTION ..250

Malfunction IndicatorLamp(MIL) 250
CONSULT 254

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS -General Description
264
Introduction 264
Work Flow 265
Description forWork Flow 266
Diagnostic Worksheet 267
Diagnostic TroubleCode(DTC) Chart 268
Fail-Safe Chart 270
Basic Inspection 271
Symptom MatrixChart. 274
CONSULT Reference ValueinData Monitor
Mode 277
Major Sensor Reference GraphinData
Monitor Mode 279
ECM"Terminals andReference Value 281

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORPOWER SUPPLY
286
Main Power Supply andGround Circuit.. 286

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORDTC
11 289
Camshaft PositionSensor(CMPS) 289

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORDTC
12 293
Mass AirFlow Sensor (MAFS) 293

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORDTC
13 297
Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor(ECTS) 297

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORDTC
21 301
Ignition Signal 301

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS FORDTC
34 306
Knock Sensor (KS) 306

ENGINEANDEMISSION BASICCONTROL SYSTEMDESCRIPTION ~
Air Conditioning CutControl
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNALLINE

Air conditioner switch
Neutral position/Inhibitor switch
Throttle position sensor
Camshaft positionsensor
Engine coolant temperature sensor
Ignition switch
Vehicle speedsensor
Power steering oilpressure switch Air
conditioner "ON"signal
Neutral position
Throttle
valve
opening angle
Engine speed
Engine coolant temperature
Start signal
Vehicle speed
Power steering loadsignal ECM
(ECCS
control
module) Air
conditioner
relay

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

This system improves acceler8.tion whentheairconditioner isused.
When theaccelerator pedalisfully depressed, theairconditioner isturned offfor afew seconds.

Fuel CutControl (atnoload
&
high engine
speed)
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNALLINE

Vehicle speedsensor
Neutral position/Inhibitor switchVehicle
speed
Neutral position
Throttle position sensor
Engine coolant temperature sensor
Camshaft positionsensor Throttle
position
Engine coolant temperature
Engine speed ECM
(ECCS
control
module) Injectors
If the engine speedisabove 2,500rpmwith noload (for
example, inneutral andengine speedover2,500 rpm)fuelwill
be cut offafter some time.Theexact timewhen thefuel iscut
off varies basedonengine speed.
Fuel cutwill operate untiltheengine speedreaches 2,000rpm,
then fuelcutiscancelled.

NOTE:
This function isdifferent thandeceleration controllistedunder
"Multiport FuelInjection (MFI)System" onEC-24.
EC-28

ON-BOARDDIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMDESCRIPTION
CONSULT (ConI'd)
SELF-DIAGNOSTIC MODE
Regarding itemsdetected in"SELF-DIAG RESULTS"mode,referto"Diagnostic TroubleCode(DTC)
Chart" (RefertoEC-62.)
DATA MONITOR MODE

Monitored item ECM
Main
[Unit] input
signals Description
Remarks
signals
CMPS.RPM •Indicates theengine speedcomputed •Accuracy becomespoorifengine
(REF) [rpm]

00
from
theREF signal (180'signal) of
speeddropsbelow theidle rpm.
the camshaft positionsensor.
•Ifthe signal isinterrupted whilethe
engine isrunning, anabnormal value
may beindicated .
MAS AIR/FL SE[V]

0 0
•
The signal voltage ofthe mass air
•When theengine isstopped, acertain
flow sensor isdisplayed .
valueisindicated.
COOLAN TEMP/S
•The engine coolant temperature •When theengine coolant temperature
['C] or['F]

00
(determined
bythe signal voltage of
sensorisopen orshort-circuited,
the engine coolant temperature sen-ECMenters fail-safe mode.The
sor) isdisplayed.
enginecoolant temperature deter-
mined bythe ECM isdisplayed .
02 SENSOR [V]

00
•
The signal voltage ofthe oxygen sen-
sor*1 isdisplayed .
M/R F/CMNT •
Display ofoxygen sensorsignaldur-
•After turning ONthe ignition switch,
[RICH/LEAN] ingair-fuel ratiofeedback control: "RICH"isdisplayed untilair-fuel mix-
RICH ...means themixture became
tureratio feedback controlbegins.

0 0
"rich",
andcontrol isbeing affected •When theair-fuel ratiofeedback is
toward aleaner mixture.
clamped,thevalue justbefore the
LEAN ...means themixture became clampingisdisplayed continuously.
"lean", andcontrol isbeing affected
toward arich mixture .
VHCL SPEED SE

00
•
The vehicle speedcomputed fromthe
[km/h] or[mph] vehicle
speedsensor signalisdis-
played .
BATTERY VOLT[V]

0 0
•
The power supply voltage ofECM is
displayed .
THRTL POSSEN[V]

0 0
•
The throttle position sensorsignal
voltage isdisplayed.
INT/A TEMP SE['C] •The intake airtemperature deter-
or ['F]*2

0
mined
bythe signal voltage ofthe
intake airtemperature sensorisindi-
cated .
START SIGNAL

00
•
Indicates [ON/OFF] conditionfromthe•After starting theengine, [OFF]isdis-
[ON/OFF] startersignal. playedregardless ofthe starter sig-
nal.
CLSD THLIPOSI •Indicates theclosed throttle position
[ON/OFF]

00
[ON/OFF]
determined bythe throttle
position sensorsignal.
ON: Closed throttle position
OFF: Other thanclosed throttle position
AIR COND SIG

00
•
Indicates [ON/OFF] conditionofthe
[ON/OFF] air
conditioner switchasdetermined
by the airconditioning signal.
PIN POSI SW

00
•
Indicates [ON/OFF] conditionfromthe
[ON/OFF] park/neutralpositionswitchsignal.
PW/ST SIGNAL •
Indicates [ON/OFF] conditionofthe
[ON/OFF]
00
power
steering oilpressure switch
determined bythe power steering oil
pressure signal.

NOTE:
Any monitored itemthatdoes notmatch thevehicle beingdiagnosed isdeleted fromthedisplay auto-
matically.

*1: Heated oxygen sensor(ForEurope andIsrael, andAustralia A/Tmodels)
Oxygen sensor(Except forEurope andIsrael, andAustralia A/Tmodels)
*2: For Australia

EC-51
•

ENGINEANDEMISSION CONTROLOVERALLSYSTEM
System Chart

Camshaft positionsensor Fuel

injection
&
mixture ratio
•
I

I
control Injectors
Mass airflow sensor

I

Distributorignitionsystem

r
~1
Power transistor
Engine coolant temperature
.

sensor

I
IACV-AAC valveand
Idle aircontrol system
IACV-FICDsolenoidvalve
Heated oxygen sensor

I

IACV-airregulator control

~--..j
IACV-air regulator

I

Ignition switch

I

I
Throttle position sensor

~-+
Fuel
pump control Fuel
pump relay
ECM
(ECCS
control
Neutral position/Inhibitor
.

module) Heatedoxygen sensor
switch monitor
&
on-board diagnos-
~-+
Malfunction
indicatorlamp
tic system (On
theinstrument panel)

I
Air conditioner switch

t~

EGRvalve
&
EVAP canister

1---+
EGR
valve
&
EVAP canister
purge control purge
control solenoid valve
Knock sensor

.....

Frontheated oxygen sensor Front
heated oxygen sensor
Battery voltage
.
heater
control heater

I
.

Power steering oilpressure

~

Coolingfancontrol

--
Cooling
fanrelay
switch
Vehicle speedsensor
.....

Airconditioning cutcontrol Air
conditioner relay

EC-232

A
N

600 1,000 1,4001,8002,200

Engine speed(rpm) SEF742M

Tp

(msec)

1.75
~ 1.50

.~

3l
1.25

:;
a.

c:
1.00

.Q
~ 0.75
E ENGINE
ANDEMISSION BASICCONTROL SYSTEMDESCRIPTION
Distributor Ignition(01)System (Cont'd)
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The ignition timingiscontrolled bythe ECM tomaintain thebest
air-fuel ratioforevery running condition ofthe engine.
The ignition timingdataisstored inthe ECM. Thisdataforms
the map shown.
The ECM receives information suchasthe injection pulsewidth
and camshaft positionsensorsignal.Computing this
information, ignitionsignalsaretransmitted tothe power tran-
sistor.
e.g., N:1,800 rpm,Tp:1.50 msec
AOBTDC
During thefollowing conditions, theignition timingisrevised by
the ECM according tothe other datastored inthe ECM.
• Atstarting
• During warm-up
• Atidle
• Hot engine operation
• During acceleration
The knock sensor retardsystem isdesigned onlyforemergen-
cies. Thebasic ignition timingisprogrammed withintheanti-
knocking zone,ifrecommended fuelisused under drycondi-
tions. Theretard system doesnotoperate undernormal driv-
ing conditions.
If engine knocking occurs,theknock sensor monitors thecon-
dition. Thesignal istransmitted tothe ECM (ECCS control mod-
ule). TheECM retards theignition timingtoeliminate thek.nock-
ing condition.

Air Conditioning CutControl
INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNALLINE

Air conditioner switch
Throttle position sensor
Camshaft positionsensor
Engine coolant temperature sensor
Ignition switch Air
conditioner "ON"signal
Throttle valveopening angle
Engine speed
Engine coolant temperature
Start signal
ECM

(ECCS
control module)
Air

condi-
tioner
relay

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

This system improves acceleration whentheairconditioner isused.
When theaccelerator pedalisfully depressed, theairconditioner isturned offfor afew seconds.
When engine coolant temperature becomesexcessively high,theairconditioner isturned off.This con-
tinues untilthecoolant temperature returnstonormal.

EC-236

ON-BOARDDIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMDESCRIPTION
CONSULT (Conl'd)

Monitored item ECM
Main
[Unit] input
signals Description
Remarks
signals
AIR COND SIG •Indicates [ON/OFF] conditionofthe
[ON/OFF]
00
air
conditioner switchasdetermined
by the airconditioning signal.
PIN POSI SW

00
•
Indicates [ON/OFF] conditionfromthe
[ON/OFF] park/neutralpositionswitchsignal.
PW/ST SIGNAL •Indicates [ON/OFF] conditionofthe
[ON/OFF]
00
power
steering oilpressure switch
determined bythe power steering oil
pressure signal.
INJ PULSE [msec]

0
•
Indicates theactual fuelinjection •
When theengine isstopped, acertain
pulse widthcompensated byECM computedvalueisindicated.
according tothe input signals.
IGN TIMING [BTDC]

0
•
Indicates theignition timingcomputed
by ECM according tothe input sig-
nals.
IACV-AACIV
[%]
•Indicates theidle aircontrol valve

0
(AAC
valve) control valuecomputed
by ECM according tothe input sig-
nals.
A/F ALPHA [%J •Indicates themean valueofthe air- •When theengine isstopped, acertain

0
fuel
ratio feedback correction factor valueisindicated.
per cycle. •This dataalsoincludes thedata for
the air-fuel ratiolearning control.
AIR COND RLY •Indicates theairconditioner relay
[ON/OFF]
0
control
condition (determined byECM
according tothe input signal).
FUEL PUMP RLY •Indicates thefuel pump relaycontrol
[ON/OFFJ
0
condition
determined byECM accord-
ing tothe input signals.
COOLING FAN
•Indicates thecontrol condition ofthe
[HI/LOW/OFFJ coolingfans(determined byECM

0
according
tothe input signal).
HI ...High speed operation
LOW ...Low speed operation
OFF ...Stopped
EGRC SOLIV •Indicates thecontrol condition ofthe
[ON/OFFJ EGR
valve
&
EVAP canister Purge
control solenoid valve(determined by

0
ECM
according tothe input signal).
ON ...EGR andEVAP canister purge
operation cut-off
OFF ...EGR andEVAP canister purge
operation notcut-off
VOLTAGE •Voltage measured bythe voltage
[V] probe.
PULSE •Pulse width, frequency orduty cycle •Only "#"isdisplayed ifitem is
[msec] or[Hz] or
measuredbythe pulse probe. unabletobe measured.

[%]
•Figures with"#"s aretemporary
ones. Theyarethesame figures as
an actual pieceofdata which wasjust
previously measured.

EC-258

PRECAUTIONSANDPREPARATION
Precautions forWorking withHFC-134a (R-134a)

WARNING:
• CFC-12 (R-12)refrigerant andHFC-134a (R-134a)refrigerant arenotcompatible. Theserefrigerants
must never bemixed, eveninthe smallest amounts. Ifthe refrigerants aremixed, compressor fail-
ure islikely tooccur .
• Use only specified lubricantforthe HFC-134a (R-134a)
A/C
system andHFC-134a (R-134a)compo-
nents. Iflubricant otherthanthatspecified isused, compressor failureislikely tooccur .
• The specified HFC-134a (R-134a)lubricant rapidlyabsorbs moisture fromtheatmosphere. Thefol-
lowing handling precautions mustbeobserved:
a: When removing refrigerant components fromavehicle, immediately cap(seal) thecomponent
to minimize theentry ofmoisture fromtheatmosphere.
b: When installing refrigerant components toavehicle, donot remove thecaps (unseal) untiljust
before connecting thecomponents. Connectallrefrigerant loopcomponents asquickly aspos-
sible tominimize theentry ofmoisture intosystem.
c: Only usethespecified lubricantfr.omasealed container. Immediately resealcontainers of
lubricant. Withoutpropersealing, lubricant willbecome moisture saturated andshould notbe
used.
d: Avoid breathing
A/C
refrigerant andlubricant vaporormist. Exposure mayirritate eyes,nose
and throat. Remove R-134afromthe
A/C
system, usingcertified serviceequipment meeting
requirements ofSAE J2210 (R-134a recycling eqUipment), orJ2209 (R-134a recovery equipment).
If accidental systemdischarge occurs,ventilate workareabefore resuming service.Additional
health andsafety information maybeobtained fromrefrigerant andlubricant manufacturers.
e: Do not allow lubricant (Nissan
A/C
System OilType S)tocome incontact withstyrofoam parts.
Damage mayresult.

GeneralRefrigerant Precautions

WARNING:
• Donot release refrigerant intotheair. Use approved recoverylrecycling equipmenttocapture the
refrigerant everytimeanair conditioning systemisdischarged.
• Always weareyeand hand protection (gogglesandgloves) whenworking withanyrefrigerant or
air conditioning system.
• Donot store orheat refrigerant containersabove52°C(125°F).
• Donot heat arefrigerant containerwithanopen flame; ifcontainer warmingisrequired, placethe
bottom ofthe container inawarm pailofwater.
• Donot intentionally drop,puncture, orincinerate refrigerant containers.
• Keep refrigerant awayfromopen flames: poisonous gaswillbeproduced ifrefrigerant burns.
• Refrigerant willdisplace oxygen,therefore becertain towork inwell ventilated areastoprevent
suffocation.
• Donot introduce compressed airtoany refrigerant containerorrefrigerant component.

HA-3
•

TROUBLEDIAGNOSES
Performance Chart
TEST CONDITION

Testing mustbeperformed asfollows:
Vehicle location: Indoorsorinthe shade (inawell-venti-
lated place)
Doors: Closed
Door window: Open
Hood: Open
TEMP.: Max.COLD
Discharge Air:Face Vent
REC switch: (Recirculation) set
FAN speed: Highspeed
Engine speed:Idlespeed
Operate theairconditioning systemfor10minutes before
taking measurements.

TEST READING
Recirculating-to-discharge airtemperature table

Inside air(Recirculating air)
at blower assembly inlet
Dischargeairtemperature atcenter ventilator
Relative humidity
Airtemperature .C
('F)

%
.C
('F)

25 (77) 11.4
-13.6 (53-56)
30 (86) 15.7-18.3 (60-65)
50 -60
35(95) 20.5-23.8 (69-75)
40 (104) 26.0-30.8 (79-87)
25 (77) 13.6-16.0 (56-61)
30 (86) 18.3-21.1 (65-70)
60 -70
35(95) 23.8-27.4 (75-81)
40 (104) 30.8-36.0 (87-97)
Ambient airtemperature-to-operating pressuretable

Ambient air
High-pressure(Dischargeside) Low-pressure
(Suctionside)
Relative humidity Airtemperature
kPa(bar,
kg/cm
2,
psi) kPa
(bar,
kg/cm
2,
psi)

%
.C
('F)

.

25 (77) 892
-1,138
118-226 (1.18 -2.26,1.2 -2.3,17 -33)
(8.92 -11.38, 9.1-11.6,129 -165)
30 (86) 1,108
-1,393
137-265 (1.37 -2.65,1.4 -2.7,20 -38)
(11.08 -13.93, 11.3-14.2, 161-202)
50 -70
35(95) 1,344
-1,677
177-314 (1.77 -3.14,1.8 -3.2, 26-46)
(1344 -16.77,13.7 -17.1, 195-243)
40 (104) 1,589
-1,971
226-373 (2.26 -3.73, 2.3-3.8, 33-54)
(15.89 -19.71,16.2 -20.1, 230-286)
HA-26

TROUBLEDIAGNOSES
Trouble Diagnoses forAbnormal Pressure
(Cont'd)

Correctiveaction
• Remove foreignparticles
by using compressed air.
• Check lubricant forcontam-
ination.
• Check andrepair malfunc-
tioning parts.
• Check lubricant forcontam-
ination.
Replace compressor.
• Drain water fromrefriger-
ant orreplace refrigerant.
• Replace liqUidtank.
Expansion
valvecloses alit-
tle compared withthespecifi-
cation.

1

Water ismixed withrefriger-
ant. Probable
cause

1

CD
Improper expansion valve
adjustment

@
Malfunctioning thermal
valve

@
Outlet andinlet maybe
clogged.
Low-pressure pipeisclogged
or crushed.
Compressor pressureopera-
tion isimproper.

1

Damaged insidecompressor
packings Refrigerant doesnotdis-
charge cyclically.

1

Moisture isfrozen atexpan-
sion valve outlet andinlet.
Refrigerant
cycle
There isabig temperature
difference betweenexpansion
valve inletandoutlet while
the valve itselfisfrosted.
An area ofthe low-pressure
pipe iscolder thanpreas
near theevaporator outlet.
• Air conditioning system
does notfunction anddoes
not cyclically coolthecom-
partment air.
• The system constantly func-
tions foracertain periodof
time after compressor is
stopped andrestarted.
Air
flow volume isnot

AC353A
enough oristoo low.
@ Gauge
indication
Both high- andlow-pressure
sides aretoolow.

l!]

Low-pressure sidesome-
times becomes negative.

Ii

AC354A
•

HA-29