tires NISSAN ALMERA N16 2003 Electronic User Guide

Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
Troubleshooting
=NJSU0004NVH TROUBLESHOOTING CHARTNJSU0004S01Use the chart below to help you find the cause of the symptom. If necessary, repair or replace these parts.
Reference page
SU-5, 17
SU-10, 21
—
—
—
SU-9, 20
SU-7
SU-11
SU-7
—
—
—
—
—
—
AX-3
AX-3
Refer to SUSPENSION
in this chart.
Refer to TIRES
in this chart.
Refer to ROAD WHEEL
in this chart.
BR-6
ST-5
Possible Cause and
SUSPECTED PARTS
Improper installation, looseness
Shock absorber deformation,
damage or deflection
Bushing or mounting deterioration
Parts interference
Spring fatigue
Suspension looseness
Incorrect wheel alignment
Stabilizer bar fatigue
Out-of-round
Imbalance
Incorrect air pressure
Uneven tire wear
Deformation or damage
Non-uniformity
Incorrect tire size
DRIVE SHAFT
AXLE
SUSPENSION
TIRES
ROAD WHEEL
BRAKES
STEERING Symptom
SUSPENSION
Noise× × ××××—————————××—××××
Shake××××—×—————————××—××××
Vibration× × ×××——————————××—×——×
Shimmy××××——×—————————×—××××
Judder×××—————————————×—××××
Poor quality
ride or han-
dling× × ×××—××————————×—××——
TIRES
Noise×— ——————××××××—×× ×—×××
Shake×— ——————×××××—××× ×—×××
Vibration — — ————————×———××× ×———×
Shimmy×— ——————×××××××—××—×××
Judder×— ——————×××××—×—××—×××
Poor quality
ride or han-
dling×— ——————×××××—×—××—×——
ROAD WHEEL
Noise×— ——————××——×——×× × ×—××
Shake×— ——————××——×——×× × ×—××
Shimmy,
Judder×— ——————××——×———×× ×—××
Poor quality
ride or han-
dling×— ——————××——×———×× ×———
×: Applicable
—: Not applicable
FRONT SUSPENSION
Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) Troubleshooting
SU-4

SMA525A
On-vehicle Service
FRONT SUSPENSION PARTSNJSU0006Check front axle and front suspension parts for excessive play,
cracks, wear or other damage.
Shake each front wheel to check for excessive play.
Make sure that cotter pin is inserted.
Retighten all axle and suspension nuts and bolts to the speci-
fied torque.
Tightening torque:
Refer to “FRONT SUSPENSION”, SU-5.
SFA392B
Check strut (shock absorber) for oil leakage or other damage.
Check suspension ball joint for grease leakage and ball joint
dust cover for cracks or other damage.
If ball joint dust cover is cracked or damaged, replace trans-
verse link.
SFA818AA
Check spring height from top of wheelarch to the ground.
a) Vehicle must be unladen*, parked on a level surface, and tires
checked for proper inflation and wear (tread wear indicator
must not be showing).
*: Fuel, radiator coolant and engine oil full. Spare tire, jack,
hand tools and mats in designated positions.
b) Bounce vehicle up and down several times before measuring.
Standard height: Refer to SDS, SU-15.
c) Spring height is not adjustable. If out of specification, check for
worn springs or suspension parts.
SSU031
Check suspension ball joint end play.
a) Jack up front of vehicle and set the stands.
b) Clamp dial indicator onto transverse link and place indicator tip
on lower edge of brake caliper.
c) Make sure front wheels are straight and brake pedal is
depressed.
d) Place a pry bar between transverse link and inner rim of road
wheel.
e) While raising and releasing pry bar, observe maximum dial
indicator value.
Vertical end play: 0 mm (0 in)
f) If ball joint movement is beyond specifications, remove and
replace it.
FRONT SUSPENSION
On-vehicle Service
SU-6

SFA975B
BALANCING WHEELSNJSU0042Preliminary InspectionNJSU0042S011. Check tires for wear and improper inflation.
2. Check wheels for deformation, cracks and other damage.
If deformed, remove wheel and check wheel runout.
a. Remove tire from wheel and mount wheel on a tire balance
machine.
b. Set dial indicator as shown in the illustration.
Wheel runout (Dial indicator value):
Refer to SDS, SU-15.
3. Check front wheel bearings for looseness.
4. Check front suspension for looseness.
5. Check steering linkage for looseness.
6. Check that front shock absorbers work properly.
7. Check vehicle posture (Unladen).
SMA829C
TIRE ROTATIONNJSU0043Do not include the T-type spare tire when rotating the tires.
Wheel nuts:
: 98 - 118 N·m (10.0 - 12.0 kg-m, 72 - 87 ft-lb)
FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENTNJSU0045Before checking front wheel alignment, be sure to make a prelimi-
nary inspection (Unladen*).
*: Fuel, radiator coolant and engine oil full. Spare tire, jack, hand
tools and mats in designated positions.
SRA096A
Camber, Caster and Kingpin InclinationNJSU0045S01Camber, caster and kingpin inclination are preset at factory
and cannot be adjusted.
1. Measure camber, caster and kingpin inclination of both right
and left wheels with a suitable alignment gauge.
Camber, caster and kingpin inclination:
Refer to SDS, SU-14.
2. If camber, caster or kingpin inclination is not within
specification, inspect front suspension parts. Replace dam-
aged or worn out parts.
GI
MA
EM
LC
EC
FE
CL
MT
AT
AX
BR
ST
RS
BT
HA
SC
EL
IDX
FRONT SUSPENSION
On-vehicle Service (Cont’d)
SU-7

AFA050
To e - i nNJSU0045S02Measure toe-in using the following procedure.
WARNING:
Always perform the following procedure on a flat surface.
Make sure that no person is in front of the vehicle before
pushing it.
1. Bounce front of vehicle up and down to stabilize the posture.
2. Push the vehicle straight ahead about 5 m (16 ft).
3. Put a mark on base line of tread (rear side) of both tires at the
same height as hub center. These are measuring points.
SFA234AC
4. Measure distance “A” (rear side).
5. Push the vehicle slowly ahead to rotate the wheels 180
degrees (1/2 turn).
If the wheels have rotated more than 180 degrees (1/2 turn), try
the above procedure again from the beginning. Never push
vehicle backward.
6. Measure distance “B” (front side).
Total toe-in:
Refer to SDS, SU-14.
SFA486A
7. Adjust toe-in by varying the length of steering tie-rods.
a. Loosen lock nuts.
b. Adjust toe-in by screwing tie-rods in and out.
Standard length “L”:
Refer to ST-30, “SDS”.
c. Tighten lock nuts to specified torque.
Lock nut tightening torque:
Refer to ST-15, “POWER STEERING GEAR AND LINK-
AGE”.
SFA439BA
Front Wheel Turning AngleNJSU0045S031. Set wheels in straight-ahead position. Then move vehicle for-
ward until front wheels rest on turning radius gauge properly.
2. Rotate steering wheel all the way right and left; measure turn-
ing angle.
Do not hold the steering wheel on full lock for more than
15 seconds.
Wheel turning angle (Full turn):
Refer to SDS, SU-14.
FRONT SUSPENSION
On-vehicle Service (Cont’d)
SU-8

SFA449BB
Install stabilizer bar with ball joint socket properly placed.
ARA027
Check stabilizer for deformation or cracks. Replace if neces-
sary.
Check rubber bushings for deterioration or cracks. Replace if
necessary.
Check ball joint can rotate in all directions. If movement is not
smooth and free, replace stabilizer bar connecting rod.
SFA181A
Transverse Link and Lower Ball Joint
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATIONNJSU00181. Remove wheel bearing lock nut.
2. Remove tie-rod ball joint.
3. Remove strut lower bracket fixing bolts and nuts.
4. Separate drive shaft from knuckle by slightly tapping drive
shaft end.
Cover boots with shop towel so as not to damage them when
removing drive shaft.
SFA113AD
5. Separate lower ball joint stud from knuckle with suitable tool.
Refer to AX-5, “FRONT AXLE — Wheel Hub and Knuckle”.
SSU033
6. Remove fixing bolts.
7. Remove transverse link and lower ball joint.
8. During installation, final tightening must be carried out at curb
weight with tires on the ground.
Tightening torque:
Refer to “FRONT SUSPENSION”, SU-9.
9. After installation, check wheel alignment. Refer to “ON-VE-
HICLE SERVICE — Front Wheel Alignment”, SU-7.
FRONT SUSPENSION
Stabilizer Bar (Cont’d)
SU-12

SBR686C
Precautions
PRECAUTIONSNJSU0024When installing each rubber part, final tightening must be
carried out under unladen condition* with tires on ground.
Oil will shorten the life of rubber bushes. Be sure to wipe
off any spilled oil.
*: Fuel, radiator coolant and engine oil full. Spare tire, jack,
hand tools and mats in designated positions.
Use flare nut wrench when removing or installing brake
tubes.
After installing removed suspension parts, check wheel
alignment.
Do not jack up at the trailing arm and lateral link.
Always torque brake lines when installing.
Lock nuts are unreusable parts; always use new ones.
When replacing, do not wipe the oil off of the new lock nut
before tightening.
Preparation
COMMERCIAL SERVICE TOOLSNJSU0026
Tool name Description
Equivalent to
1 Flare nut crowfoot
2 Torque wrench
NT360
Removing and installing brake piping
a: 10 mm (0.39 in)
Spring compressor
NT717
Removing and installing coil spring
Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)
Troubleshooting
NJSU0027Refer to “Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) Troubleshooting”,
“FRONT SUSPENSION”, SU-4.
REAR SUSPENSION
Precautions
SU-16

SMA525A
On-vehicle Service
REAR SUSPENSION PARTSNJSU0029Check axle and suspension parts for excessive play, wear or dam-
age.
Shake each rear wheel to check for excessive play.
SSU036
Retighten all nuts and bolts to the specified torque.
Tightening torque:
Refer to “REAR SUSPENSION”, SU-17.
SMA113
Check shock absorber for oil leakage or other damage.
Check wheelarch height. Refer to “On-vehicle Service”,
“FRONT SUSPENSION PARTS”, SU-6.
REAR WHEEL ALIGNMENTNJSU0030Before checking rear wheel alignment, be sure to make a prelimi-
nary inspection (Unladen*).
*: Fuel, radiator coolant and engine oil full. Spare tire, jack, hand
tools and mats in designated positions.
SFA975B
Preliminary InspectionNJSU0030S011. Check tires for wear and improper inflation.
2. Check wheels for deformation, cracks and other damage.
If deformed, remove wheel and check wheel runout.
a. Remove tire from wheel and mount wheel on a tire balance
machine.
b. Set dial indicator as shown in the illustration.
Wheel runout (Dial indicator value):
Refer to SDS, SU-15.
3. Check front wheel bearings for looseness.
REAR SUSPENSION
On-vehicle Service
SU-18

4. Check front suspension for looseness.
5. Check steering linkage for looseness.
6. Check that front shock absorbers work properly.
7. Check vehicle posture (Unladen).
SFA948A
CamberNJSU0030S02Camber is preset at factory and cannot be adjusted.
Camber:
Refer to SDS, SU-25.
If the camber is not within specification, inspect and replace
any damaged or worn rear suspension parts.
SFA614B
SFA234AC
To e - i nNJSU0030S03Toe-in is preset at factory and cannot be adjusted.
Measure toe-in using following procedure. If out of
specification, inspect and replace any damaged or worn rear
suspension parts.
WARNING:
Perform following procedure always on a flat surface.
Make sure that no person is in front of the vehicle before
pushing it.
1. Bounce rear of vehicle up and down to stabilize the posture.
2. Push the vehicle straight ahead about 5 m (16 ft).
3. Put a mark on base line of the tread (rear side) of both tires at
the same height of hub center. This mark is a measuring point.
4. Measure distance “A” (rear side).
5. Push the vehicle slowly ahead to rotate the wheels 180
degrees (1/2 turn).
If the wheels have rotated more than 180 degrees (1/2 turn), try
the above procedure again from the beginning. Never push
vehicle backward.
6. Measure distance “B” (front side).
Total toe-in: A − B
Refer to SDS, SU-25.
GI
MA
EM
LC
EC
FE
CL
MT
AT
AX
BR
ST
RS
BT
HA
SC
EL
IDX
REAR SUSPENSION
On-vehicle Service (Cont’d)
SU-19

NJBR0005
NVH Troubleshooting ChartNJBR0005S01Use the table below to help you find the cause of the symptom. If necessary, repair or replace these parts.
Reference page
BR-27, 31
BR-27, 31
BR-27, 31
—
—
BR-29, 35
—
—
—
BR-29, 35
AX-3
SU-4, AX-3
SU-4
SU-4
ST-5
SUSPECTED PARTS
(Possible cause)
Pads - damaged
Pads - uneven wear
Shims damaged
Rotor imbalance
Rotor damage
Rotor runout
Rotor deformation
Rotor deflection
Rotor rust
Rotor thickness variation
DRIVE SHAFT
AXLE AND SUSPENSION
TIRES
ROAD WHEEL
STEERING
Symptom BRAKENoise X X X———————XXXXX
Shake ——— X ——————XXXXX
Shimmy, Jud-
der———XXXXXXX—XXXX
X: Applicable
—: Not Applicable
NOISE, VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS (NVH) TROUBLESHOOTING
NVH Troubleshooting Chart
BR-6

YEL809D
Bulb ReplacementNJEL0015The headlamp is a semi-sealed beam type which uses a replace-
able halogen bulb. The bulb can be replaced from the engine com-
partment side without removing the headlamp body.
Grasp only the plastic base when handling the bulb. Never
touch the glass envelope.
1. Disconnect the battery cable.
2. Pull off the rubber cap.
3. Disconnect the harness connector from the back side of the
bulb.
4. Remove the bulb retaining ring.
5. Remove the headlamp bulb carefully. Do not shake or rotate
the bulb when removing it.
6. Install in the reverse order of removal.
CAUTION:
Do not leave headlamp reflector without bulb for a long period
of time. Dust, moisture, smoke, etc. entering headlamp body
may affect the performance of the headlamp. Remove head-
lamp bulb from the headlamp reflector just before a replace-
ment bulb is installed.
Aiming AdjustmentNJEL0016For details, refer to the regulations in your own country.
Before performing aiming adjustment, check the following.
1) Keep all tires inflated to correct pressures.
2) Place vehicle on flat surface.
3) See that there is no-load in vehicle (coolant, engine oil filled up
to correct level and full fuel tank) other than the driver (or
equivalent weight placed in driver’s position).
SEL984W
CAUTION:
Be sure aiming switch is set to “0” when performing aiming
adjustment on vehicles equipped with headlamp aiming con-
trol.
HEADLAMP
Bulb Replacement
EL-44