torque NISSAN LATIO 2008 Service Owner's Manual

AT-70
< SERVICE INFORMATION >
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS
OthersMaximum speed not
attained. Poor accel-
eration.ON vehicle1. A/T fluid levelMA-22
2. PNP switch adjustmentAT- 2 1 9
3. Overdrive control switchAT- 1 6 7
4. Accelerator pedal position sensorEC-493
5. Vehicle speed sensor·A/T (Revolution sensor)
and vehicle speed sensor·MTRAT- 9 6, AT- 1 4 9
6. Shift solenoid valve AAT- 1 3 4
7. Shift solenoid valve BAT- 1 3 9
8. Control valve assemblyAT- 2 1 6
OFF vehicle9. Reverse clutchAT- 2 7 9
10. High clutchAT- 2 8 4
11. Brake bandAT- 3 0 7
12. Low & reverse brakeAT- 2 9 5
13. Oil pumpAT- 2 6 0
14. Torque converterAT- 2 4 0
Transaxle noise in
“D”, “2”, “1” and “R”
positions.ON vehicle 1. A/T fluid levelMA-22
OFF vehicle 2. Torque converterAT- 2 4 0
Engine brake does
not operate in “1” po-
sition.ON vehicle1. PNP switch adjustmentAT- 2 1 9
2. Control cable adjustmentAT- 2 0 7
3. Vehicle speed sensor·A/T (Revolution sensor)
and vehicle speed sensor·MTRAT- 9 6, AT- 1 4 9
4. Control valve assemblyAT- 2 1 6
5. Overrun clutch solenoid valveAT- 1 4 4
OFF vehicle6. Overrun clutchAT- 2 8 87. Low & reverse brakeAT- 2 9 5
Transaxle overheats.ON vehicle1. A/T fluid levelMA-22
2. Engine idling speedEC-73
3. Accelerator pedal position sensorEC-493
4. Line pressure testAT- 4 8
5. Line pressure solenoid valveAT- 1 2 9
6. Control valve assemblyAT- 2 1 6
OFF vehicle7. Oil pumpAT- 2 6 0
8. Reverse clutchAT- 2 7 9
9. High clutchAT- 2 8 4
10. Brake bandAT- 3 0 7
11. Forward clutchAT- 2 8 8
12. Overrun clutchAT- 2 8 8
13. Low & reverse brakeAT- 2 9 5
14. Torque converterAT- 2 4 0
Items Symptom Condition Diagnostic item Reference page

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS
AT-71
< SERVICE INFORMATION >
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
MA
B
AT
N
O
P
TCM Terminal and Reference ValueINFOID:0000000001703192
TCM HARNESS CONNECTOR TERMINAL LAYOUT
Terminals and Reference Values for TCM
TCM terminal data are reference values, measured between each terminal and ground.
OthersATF shoots out during
operation.
White smoke emitted
from exhaust pipe
during operation.ON vehicle 1. A/T fluid levelMA-22
OFF vehicle2. Reverse clutchAT- 2 7 9
3. High clutchAT- 2 8 4
4. Brake bandAT- 3 0 7
5. Forward clutchAT- 2 8 8
6. Overrun clutchAT- 2 8 8
7. Low & reverse brakeAT- 2 9 5
Unusual smell at A/T
fluid charging pipe.ON vehicle 1. A/T fluid levelMA-22
OFF vehicle2. Torque converterAT- 2 4 0
3. Oil pumpAT- 2 6 0
4. Reverse clutchAT- 2 7 9
5. High clutchAT- 2 8 4
6. Brake bandAT- 3 0 7
7. Forward clutchAT- 2 8 8
8. Overrun clutchAT- 2 8 8
9. Low & reverse brakeAT- 2 9 5
Items Symptom Condition Diagnostic item Reference page
WCIA0717E
Te r m i n a lWire
colorItem ConditionJudgement stan-
dard (Approx.)
1WLine pressure solenoid
valveWhen releasing accelerator pedal after
warming up engine.1.5 - 3.0 V
When depressing accelerator pedal ful-
ly after warming up engine.0 V
2PLine pressure solenoid
valve (with dropping re-
sistor)When releasing accelerator pedal after
warming up engine.4 - 14 V
When depressing accelerator pedal ful-
ly after warming up engine.0 V
3GRTorque converter clutch
solenoid valveWhen A/T performs lock-up. 8 - 15 V
When A/T does not perform lock-up. 0 V
5 L CAN H — —
6 P CAN L — —
10 R Power supplyWhen turning ignition switch to “ON”. Battery voltage
When turning ignition switch to “OFF”. 0 V

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS
AT-77
< SERVICE INFORMATION >
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
MA
B
AT
N
O
P
CAN DIAGNOSTIC SUPPORT MONITOR MODE
Refer to LAN-12, "CAN Diagnostic Support Monitor".
DTC WORK SUPPORT MODE
Display Items List
*SHIFT S/V A (ON/OFF) — —
Displays status of check signal (reinput
signal) for TCM control signal output. Re-
mains unchanged when solenoid valves
are open or shorted. *SHIFT S/V B (ON/OFF) — —
*OVRRUN/C S/V (ON/OFF) — —
HOLD SW (ON/OFF) X — Not mounted but displayed.
BRAKE SW (ON/OFF) X —Stop lamp switch (Signal input with CAN
communication)
GEAR — XGear position recognized by the TCM up-
dated after gear-shifting
SLCT LVR POSI — XSelector lever position is recognized by
the TCM.
For fail-safe operation, the specific value
used for control is displayed.
VEHICLE SPEED (km/h) — X Vehicle speed recognized by the TCM.
THROTTLE POSI (0.0/8) — XDegree of opening for accelerator recog-
nized by the TCM
For fail-safe operation, the specific value
used for control is displayed.
LINE PRES DTY (%) — X
TCC S/V DUTY (%) — X
SHIFT S/V A (ON/OFF) — X
SHIFT S/V B (ON/OFF) — X
OVERRUN/C S/V (ON/OFF) — X
SELF-D DP LMP (ON/OFF) — X
TC SLIP RATIO (0.000) — —
TC SLIP SPEED (rpm) — —Difference between engine speed and
torque converter input shaft speed
Voltage (V) — —Displays the value measured by the volt-
age probe.
Frequency (Hz) — —
The value measured by the pulse probe
is displayed. DUTY-HI (high) (%) — —
DUTY-LOW (low) (%) — —
PLS WIDTH-HI (ms) — —
PLS WIDTH-LOW (ms) — —Monitored item (Unit)Monitor Item Selection
Remarks
TCM INPUT
SIGNALSMAIN SIG-
NALSSELEC-
TION FROM
MENU

AT-78
< SERVICE INFORMATION >
TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis Procedure without CONSULT-III
INFOID:0000000001703194
TCM SELF-DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE
Description
If a malfunction occurs in electrical system, turning ignition switch ON will illuminate OD OFF indicator lamp for
2 seconds. To detect a malfunction, entering a self-diagnosis start signal retrieves information on malfunctions
from memory and indicates malfunction by blinking OD OFF indicator lamp.
Diagnostic Procedure
1.CHECK OD OFF INDICATOR LAMP
1. Park vehicle on flat surface.
2. Move selector lever to “P” position.
3. Turn ignition switch OFF. Wait at least 5 seconds.
DTC work support itemDescription Check item
1ST GR FNCTN P0731Following items for “A/T 1st gear function (P0731)” can be con-
firmed.
• Self-diagnosis status (whether the diagnosis is being performed
or not)
• Self-diagnostic results (OK or NG)• Shift solenoid valve A
• Shift solenoid valve B
• Each clutch
•Hydraulic control circuit
2ND GR FNCTN P0732Following items for “A/T 2nd gear function (P0732)” can be con-
firmed.
• Self-diagnosis status (whether the diagnosis is being performed
or not)
• Self-diagnostic results (OK or NG)• Shift solenoid valve B
• Each clutch
•Hydraulic control circuit
3RD GR FNCTN P0733Following items for “A/T 3rd gear function (P0733)” can be con-
firmed.
• Self-diagnosis status (whether the diagnosis is being performed
or not)
• Self-diagnostic results (OK or NG)• Shift solenoid valve A
• Each clutch
•Hydraulic control circuit
4TH GR FNCTN P0734Following items for “A/T 4th gear function (P0734)” can be con-
firmed.
• Self-diagnosis status (whether the diagnosis is being performed
or not)
• Self-diagnostic results (OK or NG)• Shift solenoid valve A
• Shift solenoid valve B
• Overrun clutch solenoid valve
• Line pressure solenoid valve
• Each clutch
•Hydraulic control circuit
TCC S/V FNCTN P0744Following items for “A/T TCC S/V function (lock-up) (P0744)” can
be confirmed.
• Self-diagnosis status (whether the diagnosis is being performed
or not)
• Self-diagnostic results (OK or NG)• Torque converter clutch sole-
noid valve
• Each clutch
•Hydraulic control circuit
SCIA5472E

TROUBLE DIAGNOSIS
AT-81
< SERVICE INFORMATION >
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
MA
B
AT
N
O
P
7th judgement flicker is longer than others.
Torque converter clutch solenoid valve circuit is short-circuited or
disconnected.
⇒ Go to AT- 11 9
.8th judgement flicker is longer than others.
A/T fluid temperature sensor is disconnected or TCM power supply
circuit is damaged.
⇒ Go to AT- 1 5 2 .
9th judgement flicker is longer than others.
Engine speed signal circuit is short-circuited or disconnected.
⇒ Go to AT- 1 0 1
.10th judgement flicker is longer than others.
Turbine revolution sensor (power train revolution sensor) circuit is
short-circuited or disconnected.
⇒ Go to AT- 1 5 8
. OD OFF indicator lamp
SCIA5597ESCIA5598E
SCIA5599ESCIA7082E

DTC P0731 A/T 1ST GEAR FUNCTION
AT-105
< SERVICE INFORMATION >
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
MA
B
AT
N
O
P
DTC P0731 A/T 1ST GEAR FUNCTION
DescriptionINFOID:0000000001703231
• This malfunction will not be detected while the OD OFF indicator lamp is indicating another self-diagnosis
malfunction.
• This malfunction is detected when the A/T does not shift into first gear position as instructed by the TCM.
This is not caused by electrical malfunction (circuits open or shorted) but by mechanical malfunction such as
control valve sticking, improper solenoid valve operation, etc.
On Board Diagnosis LogicINFOID:0000000001703232
• This is an OBD-II self-diagnostic item.
• Diagnostic trouble code “P0731 A/T 1ST GR FNCTN” with CONSULT-III is detected when A/T cannot be
shifted to the 1st gear position even if electrical circuit is good.
• This diagnosis monitors actual gear position by checking the torque converter slip ratio calculated by TCM
as follows:
Torque converter slip ratio = A x C/B
A: Output shaft revolution signal from revolution sensor
B: Engine speed signal from ECM
C: Gear ratio determined as gear position which TCM supposes
If the actual gear position is higher than the position (1st) supposed by TCM, the slip ratio will be more than
normal. In case the ratio exceeds the specified value, TCM judges this diagnosis malfunction.
This malfunction will be caused when either shift solenoid valve A is stuck open or shift solenoid valve B is
stuck open.
• Gear positions supposed by TCM are as follows:
In case of gear position with no malfunctions: 1, 2, 3 and 4 positions
In case of gear position with shift solenoid valve A stuck open: 2*, 2, 3 and 3 positions
In case of gear position with shift solenoid valve B stuck open: 4*, 3, 3 and 4 positions to each gear position
above
*: “P0731 A/T 1ST GR FNCTN” is detected.
Possible CauseINFOID:0000000001703233
• Shift solenoid valve A
• Shift solenoid valve B
• Each clutch
• Hydraulic control circuit
DTC Confirmation ProcedureINFOID:0000000001703234
CAUTION:
• Always drive vehicle at a safe speed.
• If performing this “DTC Confirmation Procedure” again, always turn ignition switch OFF and wait at
least 10 seconds before continuing.
After the repair, perform the following procedure to confirm the malfunction is eliminated.
WITH CONSULT-III
1. Start engine and select “DATA MONITOR” mode for “A/T” with CONSULT-III.
2. Touch “START”.
3. Make sure that output voltage of A/T fluid temperature sensor is within the range below.
FLUID TEMP SE: 0.4 - 1.5 V
If out of range, drive the vehicle to decrease the voltage (warm up the fluid) or stop engine to increase the
voltage (cool down the fluid).
4. Select “1ST GR FNCTN P0731” of “DTC WORK SUPPORT” mode for “A/T” with CONSULT-III and touch
“START”.
Gear position 1 2 3 4
Shift solenoid valve A ON (Closed) OFF (Open) OFF (Open) ON (Closed)
Shift solenoid valve B ON (Closed) ON (Closed) OFF (Open) OFF (Open)

AT-108
< SERVICE INFORMATION >
DTC P0732 A/T 2ND GEAR FUNCTION
DTC P0732 A/T 2ND GEAR FUNCTION
DescriptionINFOID:0000000001703236
• This malfunction will not be detected while the OD OFF indicator lamp is indicating another self-diagnosis
malfunction.
• This malfunction is detected when the A/T does not shift into second gear position as instructed by the TCM.
This is not caused by electrical malfunction (circuits open or shorted) but by mechanical malfunction such as
control valve sticking, improper solenoid valve operation, etc.
On Board Diagnosis LogicINFOID:0000000001703237
• This is an OBD-II self-diagnostic item.
• Diagnostic trouble code “P0732 A/T 2ND GR FNCTN” with CONSULT-III is detected when A/T cannot be
shifted to the 2nd gear position even if electrical circuit is good.
• This diagnosis monitors actual gear position by checking the torque converter slip ratio calculated by TCM
as follows:
Torque converter slip ratio = A x C/B
A: Output shaft revolution signal from revolution sensor
B: Engine speed signal from ECM
C: Gear ratio determined as gear position which TCM supposes
If the actual gear position is higher than the position (2nd) supposed by TCM, the slip ratio will be more than
normal. In case the ratio exceeds the specified value, TCM judges this diagnosis malfunction.
This malfunction will be caused when shift solenoid valve B is stuck open.
• Gear positions supposed by TCM are as follows:
In case of gear position with no malfunctions: 1, 2, 3 and 4 positions
In case of gear position with shift solenoid valve B stuck open: 4, 3*, 3 and 4 positions to each gear position
above
*: “P0732 A/T 2ND GR FNCTN” is detected.
Possible CauseINFOID:0000000001703238
• Shift solenoid valve B
• Each clutch
• Hydraulic control circuit
DTC Confirmation ProcedureINFOID:0000000001703239
CAUTION:
• Always drive vehicle at a safe speed.
• If performing this “DTC Confirmation Procedure” again, always turn ignition switch OFF and wait at
least 10 seconds before continuing.
After the repair, perform the following procedure to confirm the malfunction is eliminated.
WITH CONSULT-III
1. Start engine and select “DATA MONITOR” mode for “A/T” with CONSULT-III.
2. Touch “START”.
3. Make sure that output voltage of A/T fluid temperature sensor is within the range below.
FLUID TEMP SE: 0.4 - 1.5 V
If out of range, drive the vehicle to decrease the voltage (warm up the fluid) or stop engine to increase the
voltage (cool down the fluid).
4. Select “2ND GR FNCTN P0732” of “DTC WORK SUPPORT” mode for “A/T” with CONSULT-III and touch
“START”.
5. Accelerate vehicle to 45 to 50 km/h (28 to 31 MPH) under the following conditions and release the accel-
erator pedal completely.
THROTTLE POSI: Less than 1.0/8
SLCT LVR POSI: “D” position
Gear position 1 2 3 4
Shift solenoid valve A ON (Closed) OFF (Open) OFF (Open) ON (Closed)
Shift solenoid valve B ON (Closed)ON (Closed) OFF (Open) OFF (Open)

DTC P0733 A/T 3RD GEAR FUNCTION
AT-111
< SERVICE INFORMATION >
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
MA
B
AT
N
O
P
DTC P0733 A/T 3RD GEAR FUNCTION
DescriptionINFOID:0000000001703241
• This malfunction will not be detected while the OD OFF indicator lamp is indicating another self-diagnosis
malfunction.
• This malfunction is detected when the A/T does not shift into third gear position as instructed by the TCM.
This is not caused by electrical malfunction (circuits open or shorted) but by mechanical malfunction such as
control valve sticking, improper solenoid valve operation, malfunctioning servo piston or brake band, etc.
On Board Diagnosis LogicINFOID:0000000001703242
• This is an OBD-II self-diagnostic item.
• Diagnostic trouble code “P0733 A/T 3RD GR FNCTN” with CONSULT-III is detected when A/T cannot be
shifted to the 3rd gear position even if electrical circuit is good.
• This diagnosis monitors actual gear position by checking the torque converter slip ratio calculated by TCM
as follows:
Torque converter slip ratio = A x C/B
A: Output shaft revolution signal from revolution sensor
B: Engine speed signal from ECM
C: Gear ratio determined as gear position which TCM supposes
If the actual gear position is higher than the position (3rd) supposed by TCM, the slip ratio will be more than
normal. In case the ratio exceeds the specified value, TCM judges this diagnosis malfunction.
This malfunction will be caused when shift solenoid valve A is stuck closed.
• Gear positions supposed by TCM are as follows.
In case of gear position with no malfunctions: 1, 2, 3 and 4 positions
In case of gear position with shift solenoid valve A stuck closed: 1, 1, 4* and 4 positions to each gear position
above
*: “P0733 A/T 3RD GR FNCTN” is detected.
Possible CauseINFOID:0000000001703243
• Shift solenoid valve A
• Each clutch
• Hydraulic control circuit
DTC Confirmation ProcedureINFOID:0000000001703244
CAUTION:
• Always drive vehicle at a safe speed.
• If performing this “DTC Confirmation Procedure” again, always turn ignition switch OFF and wait at
least 10 seconds before continuing.
After the repair, perform the following procedure to confirm the malfunction is eliminated.
WITH CONSULT-III
1. Start engine and select “DATA MONITOR” mode for “A/T” with CONSULT-III.
2. Touch “START”.
3. Make sure that output voltage of A/T fluid temperature sensor is within the range below.
FLUID TEMP SE: 0.4 - 1.5 V
If out of range, drive the vehicle to decrease the voltage (warm up the fluid) or stop engine to increase the
voltage (cool down the fluid).
4. Select “3RD GR FNCTN P0733” of “DTC WORK SUPPORT” mode for “A/T” with CONSULT-III and touch
“START”.
5. Accelerate vehicle to 60 to 75 km/h (37 to 47 MPH) under the following conditions and release the accel-
erator pedal completely.
THROTTLE POSI: Less than 1.0/8 (at all times during step 4)
SLCT LVR POSI: “D” position
Gear position 1 2 3 4
Shift solenoid valve A ON (Closed) OFF (Open) OFF (Open) ON (Closed)
Shift solenoid valve B ON (Closed) ON (Closed) OFF (Open) OFF (Open)

AT-114
< SERVICE INFORMATION >
DTC P0734 A/T 4TH GEAR FUNCTION
DTC P0734 A/T 4TH GEAR FUNCTION
DescriptionINFOID:0000000001703246
• This malfunction will not be detected while the OD OFF indicator lamp is indicating another self-diagnosis
malfunction.
• This malfunction is detected when the A/T does not shift into fourth gear position or the torque converter
clutch does not lock up as instructed by the TCM. This is not caused by electrical malfunction (circuits open
or shorted) but by mechanical malfunction such as control valve sticking, improper solenoid valve operation,
malfunctioning oil pump or torque converter clutch, etc.
CONSULT-III Reference Value in Data Monitor ModeINFOID:0000000001703247
Remarks: Specification data are reference values.
On Board Diagnosis LogicINFOID:0000000001703248
• This is an OBD-II self-diagnostic item.
• Diagnostic trouble code “P0734 A/T 4TH GR FNCTN” with CONSULT-III is detected when A/T cannot be
shifted to the 4th gear position even if electrical circuit is good.
• This diagnosis monitors actual gear position by checking the torque converter slip ratio calculated by TCM
as follows:
Torque converter slip ratio = A x C/B
A: Output shaft revolution signal from revolution sensor
B: Engine speed signal from ECM
C: Gear ratio determined as gear position which TCM supposes
If the actual gear position is much lower than the position (4th) supposed by TCM, the slip ratio will be much
less than normal. In case the ratio does not reach the specified value, TCM judges this diagnosis malfunc-
tion.
This malfunction will be caused when shift solenoid valve A is stuck open or shift solenoid valve B is stuck
closed.
• Gear positions supposed by TCM are as follows.
In case of gear position with no malfunctions: 1, 2, 3 and 4 positions
In case of gear position with shift solenoid valve A stuck open: 2, 2, 3 and 3* positions
In case of gear position with shift solenoid valve B stuck closed: 1, 2, 2 and 1* positions to each gear position
above
*: “P0734 A/T 4TH GR FNCTN” is detected.
Possible CauseINFOID:0000000001703249
• Shift solenoid valve A
• Shift solenoid valve B
• Line pressure solenoid valve
• Each clutch
• Hydraulic control circuit
DTC Confirmation ProcedureINFOID:0000000001703250
CAUTION:
• Always drive vehicle at a safe speed.
• If performing this “DTC Confirmation Procedure” again, always turn ignition switch OFF and wait at
least 10 seconds before continuing.
After the repair, perform the following procedure to confirm the malfunction is eliminated.
Gear position 1 2 3 4
Shift solenoid valve A ON (Closed) OFF (Open) OFF (Open) ON (Closed)
Shift solenoid valve B ON (Closed) ON (Closed) OFF (Open) OFF (Open)
Item name Condition Display value (Approx.)
LINE PRES DTYSmall throttle opening (Low line pressure) ⇔ Large
throttle opening (High line pressure)0% ⇔ 94%

DTC P0740 TORQUE CONVERTER CLUTCH SOLENOID VALVE
AT-119
< SERVICE INFORMATION >
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
MA
B
AT
N
O
P
DTC P0740 TORQUE CONVERTER CLUTCH SOLENOID VALVE
DescriptionINFOID:0000000001703252
• The torque converter clutch solenoid valve is activated, with the gear in D4 and D3, by the TCM in response
to signals sent from the vehicle speed sensor and the ECM (throttle opening). Lock-up piston operation will
then be controlled.
• Lock-up operation, however, is prohibited when A/T fluid temperature is too low.
• When the accelerator pedal is depressed (less than 2/8) on lock-up condition, the engine speed should not
change abruptly. If there is an abrupt change in engine speed, there is no lock-up.
CONSULT-III Reference Value in Data Monitor ModeINFOID:0000000001703253
Remarks: Specification data are reference values.
On Board Diagnosis LogicINFOID:0000000001703254
• This is an OBD-II self-diagnostic item.
• Diagnostic trouble code “P0740 T/C CLUTCH SOL/V” with CONSULT-III or 7th judgement flicker without
CONSULT-III is detected when TCM detects an improper voltage drop while it tries to operate solenoid
valve.
Possible CauseINFOID:0000000001703255
• Torque converter clutch solenoid valve
• Harness or connector
(The solenoid circuit is open or shorted.)
DTC Confirmation ProcedureINFOID:0000000001703256
CAUTION:
• Always drive vehicle at a safe speed.
• If performing this “DTC Confirmation Procedure” again, always turn ignition switch OFF and wait at
least 10 seconds before continuing.
After the repair, perform the following procedure to confirm the malfunction is eliminated.
WITH CONSULT-III
1. Turn ignition switch ON. (Do not start engine.)
2. Select “DATA MONITOR” mode for “A/T” with CONSULT-III and wait at least 1 second.
3. Touch “START”.
4. Start engine and maintain the following conditions for at least 5 consecutive seconds.
VEHICLE SPEED: 80 km/h (50 MPH) or more
THROTTLE POSI: 0.5/8 - 1.0/8
SLCT LVR POSI: “D” position
Driving location: Driving the vehicle uphill (increased engine load) will help maintain the driving
conditions required for this test.
5. If the check result is NG, go to AT-121, "
Diagnosis Procedure".
WITH GST
Follow the procedure “WITH CONSULT-III”.
WITHOUT CONSULT-III
1. Start engine.
2. Drive vehicle in D
1→ D2→ D3→ D4→ D4 lock-up position.
3. Perform self-diagnosis. Refer to AT-78, "
Diagnosis Procedure without CONSULT-III" .
4. If the check result is NG, go to AT-121, "
Diagnosis Procedure" .
Item name Condition Display value (Approx)
TCC S/V DUTY Lock-up OFF ⇔ Lock-up ON 4% ⇔ 94%