manual radio set NISSAN SENTRA 2015 B17 / 7.G Owners Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: NISSAN, Model Year: 2015, Model line: SENTRA, Model: NISSAN SENTRA 2015 B17 / 7.GPages: 402, PDF Size: 4.35 MB
Page 92 of 402
The low tire pressure warning light remains illu-
minated until the tires are inflated to the recom-
mended COLD tire pressure. The CHECK TIRE
PRES warning message is displayed each time
the ignition switch is placed in the ON position as
long as the low tire pressure warning light re-
mains illuminated.
For additional information, refer to “Check tire
pressure warning message” in the “Instruments
and controls” section and “Tire Pressure Monitor-
ing System (TPMS)” in the “Starting and driving”
section and in the “In case of emergency” section
of this manual.
TPMS malfunction:
If the TPMS is not functioning properly, the low
tire pressure warning light will flash for approxi-
mately 1 minute when the ignition switch is
placed in the ON position. The light will remain on
after the 1 minute. Have the system checked by a
NISSAN dealer. The CHECK TIRE PRES warn-
ing message is not displayed if the low tire pres-
sure warning light illuminates to indicate a TPMS
malfunction.
For additional information, refer to “Tire Pressure
Monitoring System (TPMS)” in the “Starting and
driving” section and “Tire pressure” in the “Main-
tenance and do-it-yourself” section of this
manual.WARNING
●Radio waves could adversely affect elec-
tric medical equipment. Those who use a
pacemaker should contact the electric
medical equipment manufacturer for the
possible influences before use.
● If the light does not illuminate with the
ignition switch placed in the ON posi-
tion, have the vehicle checked by a
NISSAN dealer as soon as possible.
●
If the light illuminates while driving,
avoid sudden steering maneuvers or
abrupt braking, reduce vehicle speed,
pull off the road to a safe location and
stop the vehicle as soon as possible.
Driving with under-inflated tires may per-
manently damage the tires and increase
the likelihood of tire failure. Serious ve-
hicle damage could occur and may lead
to an accident and could result in serious
personal injury. Check the tire pressure
for all four tires. Adjust the tire pressure
to the recommended COLD tire pressure
shown on the Tire and Loading Informa-
tion label located in the driver’s door
opening to turn the low tire pressure
warning light OFF. If the light still
comes on while driving after adjusting
the tire pressure, a tire may be flat. If
you have a flat tire, replace it with a
spare tire as soon as possible.
● When a spare tire is mounted or a wheel
is replaced the TPMS will not function
and the low tire pressure warning light
will flash for approximately 1 minute.
The light will remain on after 1 minute.
Contact a NISSAN dealer as soon as
possible for tire replacement and/or
system resetting.
● Replacing tires with those not originally
specified by NISSAN could affect the
proper operation of the TPMS.
CAUTION
● The TPMS is not a substitute for the
regular tire pressure check. Be sure to
check the tire pressure regularly.
● If the vehicle is being driven at speeds
of less than 16 mph (25 km/h), the
TPMS may not operate correctly.
● Be sure to install the specified size of
tires to the four wheels correctly.
Instruments and controls2-17
Page 161 of 402
USB (Universal Serial Bus) Connection Port
(models with Navigation System)................4-54
iPod®* player operation without Navigation
System (if so equipped) ........................ 4-56
iPod®* player operation with Navigation
System (if so equipped) ........................ 4-59
Bluetooth® streaming audio without
Navigation System (if so equipped) ..............4-62
Bluetooth® streaming audio with Navigation
System ....................................... 4-62
CD care and cleaning .......................... 4-63
Steering wheel switch for audio control ..........4-64
Antenna ...................................... 4-65
NissanConnect
SMMobile Apps (if so equipped) .....4-65
Registering with NissanConnectSMMobile
Apps ......................................... 4-65
Connect Phone ............................... 4-66
Application Download .......................... 4-66
Car phone or CB radio ............................ 4-66
Bluetooth® Hands-Free Phone System without
Navigation System (Type A) (if so equipped) .........4-67
Regulatory Information ......................... 4-69
Using the system .............................. 4-69
Control buttons ............................... 4-71Getting started
................................ 4-72
List of voice commands ........................ 4-74
Voice Adaptation (VA) mode ....................4-78
Manual control . . .............................. 4-80
Troubleshooting guide ......................... 4-81
Bluetooth® Hands-Free Phone System without
Navigation System (Type B) (if so equipped) .........4-82
Regulatory Information ......................... 4-83
Using the system .............................. 4-84
Control buttons ............................... 4-85
Connecting procedure ......................... 4-86
Voice commands .............................. 4-87
Making a call . ................................. 4-88
Receiving a call ............................... 4-89
During a call .................................. 4-89
Ending a call .................................. 4-89
Text messaging. . .............................. 4-90
Bluetooth® settings ........................... 4-91
Manual control . . .............................. 4-92
Bluetooth® Hands-Free Phone System with
Navigation System (if so equipped) .................4-93
Regulatory Information ......................... 4-95
Voice commands .............................. 4-95
Page 198 of 402
TUNE/MENU control knob/Enter button:
Turn the TUNE/MENU control knob to the left or
right to scroll and then press ENTER to select
desired item.
A–Z button
When listening to music via USB or iPod®,
pressing the A-Z button will launch a quick
search function in music browser that will allow
user to search for music alphabetically using the
TUNE/MENU control knob.
RDM and RPT button:
When listening to music via USB or iPod®,
pressing the RDM button will shuffle the songs
being played. Pressing the RPT button will repeat
the song being played.
(back) button
Pressing the
(back) button will return the
user to the previous menu.
FM/AM radio operation
FM-AM button
Press the FM·AM button to change the band as
follows:
AM →FM1 →FM2 →AM
If another audio source is playing when the
FM·AM button is pressed, the audio source play- ing will automatically be turned off and the last
radio station played will begin playing.
If the FM-AM button is pressed for more than
1.5 seconds, the AUTOSTORE function will be
initiated. The “AST” icon will appear and “AU-
TOSTORE” may appear on the display screen, a
beep is heard and the radio mutes. The system
will then automatically detect the 6 stations with
the strongest frequency and save them as pre-
sets. Once AUTOSTORE is complete, the “AST”
icon will disappear and “AUTOSTORE COM-
PLETE” may appear on the display screen.
TUNE/MENU control knob (Tuning)
Turn the TUNE/MENU control knob to the left or
right for manual tuning.
SEEK tuning
Press the SEEK/TRACK button
orto tune from low to high or high to low frequen-
cies and to stop at the next broadcasting station.
Hold either button to tune continuously. Then
release button once desired frequency is
reached.
Station select (1 to 6) memory operations
Twelve stations can be set for the FM band (6 for
FM1, 6 for FM2) and six stations can be set for
the AM band. 1. Choose the radio band AM, FM1 or FM2
using the AM or FM button.
2. Tune to the desired station using manual or SEEK tuning. Press and hold any of the
desired station memory buttons (1 – 6) until
a beep sound is heard.
3. The station memory position (P1–P6) will now be displayed next to the band. Pro-
gramming is now complete.
4. Other buttons can be set in the same man- ner.
If the battery cable is disconnected or if the fuse
opens, the radio memory will be canceled. In that
case, reset the desired stations.
SCAN (tuning) button
Press the SCAN button. SCAN illuminates in the
display window. Scan tuning begins from low to
high frequencies. Scan tuning stops for 5 sec-
onds at each broadcasting station that has suffi-
cient signal strength. When scanning, SCAN
blinks in the display. Pressing the SCAN button
again during this 5 second period stops scan
tuning and the radio remains tuned to that station.
Compact disc (CD) player operation
If the radio is already operating, it automatically
turns off and the compact disc begins to play.
Monitor, climate, audio, phone and voice recognition systems4-39
Page 202 of 402
APPS button
Press the APPS button to launch the Smart-
phone Integration Mode. For additional informa-
tion, refer to “NissanConnect
SMMobile Apps” in
this section regarding this feature.
For additional information, refer to “Bluetooth®
Hands-Free Phone system without Navigation” in
this section regarding connecting your phone.
(back) button
Pressing the
(back) button will return the
user to the previous menu.
FM/AM/SAT radio operation
FM·AM button
Press the FM·AM button to change the band as
follows:
AM →FM1 →FM2 →AM
If another audio source is playing when the
FM·AM button is pressed, the audio source play-
ing will automatically be turned off and the last
radio station played will begin playing.
The FM stereo indicator (STEREO) is shown on
the screen during FM stereo reception. When the
stereo broadcast signal is weak, the radio auto-
matically changes from stereo to monaural re-
ception. XM band select
Press the XM button to change the band as
follows:
XM1*
→XM2* →XM3* →XM1 (satellite, if so
equipped)
When the XM button is pressed while the ignition
switch is in the ACC or ON position, the radio will
come on at the station last played.
The last station played will also come on when
the
(power) is pressed ON.
*When the XM button is pressed, the satellite
radio reception will not be available unless an
optional satellite receiver and antenna are in-
stalled and a SiriusXM® Satellite Radio service
subscription is active. Satellite radio is not avail-
able in Alaska, Hawaii and Guam.
If a compact disc is playing when the XM button
is pressed, the compact disc will automatically be
turned off and the last radio station played will
come on.
TUNE/SCROLL knob (Tuning)
Turn the TUNE/SCROLL knob to the left or right
for manual tuning.
SEEK tuning
Press the
orSEEK buttons to tune
from low to high or high to low frequencies and to
stop at the next broadcasting station.
SCAN tuning
Press the SCAN button to stop at each broad-
casting station for 5 seconds. SCAN will appear
on the screen while the radio is scan tuning.
Pressing the button again during this 5 second
period will stop SCAN tuning and the radio will
remain tuned to that station. If the SCAN button is
not pressed within 5 seconds, SCAN tuning
moves to the next station.
1 to 6 Station memory operations
Six stations can be set for the AM band. Twelve
stations can be set for the FM band (six for FM1,
six for FM2) .
1. Choose the radio band AM, FM1 or FM2 using the FM·AM select button.
2. Tune to the desired station using the
SEEK button or theTRACK button.
Press and hold any of the desired station
memory buttons (1 – 6) until the preset
number is updated on the display and a
beep is heard.
Monitor, climate, audio, phone and voice recognition systems4-43
Page 207 of 402
BACK button
Pressing the BACK button will return the user to
the previous menu.
SXM settings
To view the SXM settings:1. Press the [
] button.
2. Touch the “Settings” key.
3. Touch the “SXM” key.
The signal strength, activation status and other
information are displayed on the screen.
FM/AM/SAT radio operation
FM·AM button
Press the FM·AM button to change the band as
follows:
AM →FM1 →FM2 →AM
If another audio source is playing when the
FM·AM button is pressed, the audio source play-
ing will automatically be turned off and the last
radio station played will begin playing.
The FM stereo indicator (ST) is shown on the
screen during FM stereo reception. When the
stereo broadcast signal is weak, the radio auto-
matically changes from stereo to monaural re-
ception. SXM band select
Pressing the SXM button will change the band as
follows:
SXM1*
→SXM2* →SXM3* →SXM1* (satellite,
if so equipped)
When the SXM button is pressed while the igni-
tion switch is in the ACC or ON position, the
radio will come on at the last station played.
The last station played will also come on when the
ON-OFF button is pressed to turn the radio on.
*When the SXM button is pressed, the satellite
radio mode will be skipped unless an optional
satellite receiver and antenna are installed and a
SiriusXM® Satellite Radio service subscription is
active. Satellite radio is not available in Alaska,
Hawaii and Guam.
If a compact disc is playing when the SXM button
is pressed, the compact disc will automatically be
turned off and the last radio station played will
come on.
While the radio is in SXM mode, the operation
can be controlled through the touch-screen.
Touch the “Channels” key to display a list of
channels. Touch a channel displayed on the list to
change to that channel. Touch the “Categories” key to display a list of categories. Touch a cat-
egory displayed on the list to display options
within that category.
Tuning with the touch-screen
When in AM or FM mode, the radio can be tuned
using the touch-screen. To bring up the visual tuner,
touch the “Tune” key on the lower right corner of the
screen. A screen appears with a bar running from
low frequencies on the left to high frequencies on
the right. Touch the screen at the location of the
frequency you wish to tune and the station will
change to that frequency. To return to the regular
radio display screen, touch the “OK” key.
Tuning with the TUNE knob
The radio can also be manually tuned using the
TUNE knob. When in FM or AM mode, turn the
TUNE knob to the left for lower frequencies or to
the right for higher frequencies. When in SXM
mode, turn the TUNE knob to change the channel.
SEEK tuning
When in FM or AM mode, press the seek
buttons
orto tune from low to high
or high to low frequencies and to stop at the next
broadcasting station.
When in SXM mode, press the seek
buttons
orto change the category.
4-48Monitor, climate, audio, phone and voice recognition systems
Page 208 of 402
1 to 6 Station memory operations
Twelve stations can be set for the FM band (6 for
FM1, 6 for FM2) and 6 stations can be set for the
AM band. Eighteen stations can be set for the
SXM band (6 for SXM1, 6 for SXM2, 6 for
SXM3) .1. Choose the radio band AM, FM1 or FM2 using the FM·AM select button or choose
the radio band SXM1, SXM2, SXM3 using
the SXM button.
2. Tune to the desired station using manual or seek tuning. Press and hold any of the de-
sired station memory (1 – 6) until a beep
sound is heard. 3. The channel indicator will then come on and
the sound will resume. Programming is now
complete.
4. Other buttons can be set in the same man- ner.
If the battery cable is disconnected or if the fuse
opens, the radio memory will be canceled. In that
case, reset the desired stations.
Presets can also be selected by touching the
desired preset number on the screen.Smart Favorites Preset Setup (if so
equipped)
The Smart Favorites feature allows the user to
designate presets, within the SXM1, SXM2 and
SXM3 bands, as their Smart Favorites. When any
of the Smart Favorite presets are selected, the
current track on that station will play from the
beginning of the song.
LHA2899LHA3085
Monitor, climate, audio, phone and voice recognition systems4-49
Page 242 of 402
phone module when the ignition switch is placed
in the ON position with the previously connected
cellular phone turned on and carried in the ve-
hicle.
NOTE:
Some devices require the user to accept
connections to other Bluetooth® devices. If
your phone does not connect automatic
ally to the system, consult the phone’s
Owner’s Manual for details on device op-
eration.
You can connect up to 5 different Bluetooth®
cellular phones to the in-vehicle phone module.
However, you can talk on only one cellular phone
at a time.
Before using the Bluetooth® Hands-Free Phone
System, refer to the following notes.● Set up the wireless connection between a
compatible cellular phone and the in-vehicle
phone module before using the hands-free
phone system.
● Some Bluetooth® enabled cellular phones
may not be recognized or work properly.
Please visit www.nissanusa.com/bluetooth
or www.nissan.ca/bluetooth for a recom-
mended phone list and connecting instruc-
tions. ●
You will not be able to use a hands-free
phone under the following conditions:
– Your vehicle is outside of the cellular ser- vice area.
– Your vehicle is in an area where it is difficult to receive a cellular signal; such
as in a tunnel, in an underground parking
garage, near a tall building or in a moun-
tainous area.
– Your cellular phone is locked to prevent it from being dialed.
● When the radio wave condition is not ideal
or ambient sound is too loud, it may be
difficult to hear the other person’s voice dur-
ing a call.
● Do not place the cellular phone in an area
surrounded by metal or far away from the
in-vehicle phone module to prevent tone
quality degradation and wireless connection
disruption.
● While a cellular phone is connected through
the Bluetooth® wireless connection, the
battery power of the cellular phone may dis-
charge quicker than usual. The Bluetooth®
Hands-Free Phone System cannot charge
cellular phones. ●
For additional information, refer to “Trouble-
shooting guide” in this section. You can also
visit www.nissanusa.com/bluetooth or
www.nissan.ca/bluetooth for troubleshoot-
ing help.
● Some cellular phones or other devices may
cause interference or a buzzing noise to
come from the audio system speakers. Stor-
ing the device in a different location may
reduce or eliminate the noise.
● Refer to the cellular phone Owner’s Manual
regarding the telephone charges, cellular
phone antenna and body, etc.
REGULATORY INFORMATION
FCC Regulatory information
– CAUTION: To maintain compliance with FCC’s RF exposure guidelines, use only the
supplied antenna. Unauthorized antenna,
modification, or attachments could damage
the transmitter and may violate FCC regula-
tions.
– Operation is subject to the following two con- ditions:
1. This device may not cause interference and
2. this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause unde-
sired operation of the device.
Monitor, climate, audio, phone and voice recognition systems4-83
Page 253 of 402
phone module when the ignition switch is placed
in the ON position with the connected cellular
phone turned on and carried in the vehicle.
You can register up to 5 different Bluetooth®
cellular phones to the in-vehicle phone module.
However, you can talk on only one cellular phone
at a time.
NISSAN Voice Recognition system supports the
phone commands, so dialing a phone number
using your voice is possible. For additional infor-
mation, refer to “NISSAN Voice Recognition Sys-
tem” in this section.
Before using the Bluetooth® Hands-Free Phone
System, refer to the following notes.● Set up the wireless connection between a
cellular phone and the in-vehicle phone
module before using the hands-free phone
system.
● Some Bluetooth® enabled cellular phones
may not be recognized by the in-vehicle
phone module. Please visit
www.nissanusa.com/bluetooth or
www.nissan.ca/bluetooth for a recom-
mended phone list and connecting. ●
You will not be able to use a hands-free
phone under the following conditions:
– Your vehicle is outside of the cellular ser- vice area.
– Your vehicle is in an area where it is difficult to receive cellular signal; such as
in a tunnel, in an underground parking
garage, near a tall building or in a moun-
tainous area.
– Your cellular phone is locked to prevent it from being dialed.
● When the radio wave condition is not ideal
or ambient sound is too loud, it may be
difficult to hear the other person’s voice dur-
ing a call.
● Immediately after the ignition switch is
placed in the ON position, it may be impos-
sible to receive a call for a short period of
time.
● Do not place the cellular phone in an area
surrounded by metal or far away from the
in-vehicle phone module to prevent tone
quality degradation and wireless connection
disruption. ●
While a cellular phone is connected through
the Bluetooth® wireless connection, the
battery power of the cellular phone may dis-
charge quicker than usual. The Bluetooth®
Hands-Free Phone System cannot charge
cellular phones.
● For additional information, refer to “Trouble-
shooting guide” in this section If the hands-
free phone system seems to be malfunction-
ing. You can also visit
www.nissanusa.com/bluetooth or
www.nissan.ca/bluetooth for troubleshoot-
ing help.
● Some cellular phones or other devices may
cause interference or a buzzing noise to
come from the audio system speakers. Stor-
ing the device in a different location may
reduce or eliminate the noise.
● Refer to the cellular phone owner’s manual
regarding the telephone charges, cellular
phone antenna and body, etc.
● The signal strength display on the monitor
will not coincide with the signal strength
display of some cellular phones.
4-94Monitor, climate, audio, phone and voice recognition systems
Page 304 of 402
TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING
SYSTEM (TPMS)
This vehicle is equipped with the Tire Pressure
Monitoring System (TPMS) . It monitors tire pres-
sure of all tires except the spare. When the low
tire pressure warning light is lit, and the CHECK
TIRE PRES warning message is displayed in the
odometer, one or more of your tires is significantly
under-inflated. If the vehicle is being driven with
low tire pressure, the TPMS will activate and
warn you of it by the low tire pressure warning
light. This system will activate only when the
vehicle is driven at speeds above 16 mph
(25 km/h). For additional information, refer to
“Warning/indicator lights and audible reminders”
in the “Instruments and controls” section, and
“Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)” in the
“Starting and driving” section of this manual.
WARNING
●Radio waves could adversely affect
electric medical equipment. Those who
use a pacemaker should contact the
electric medical equipment manufac-
turer for the possible influences before
use. ●
If the low tire pressure warning light
illuminates while driving, avoid sudden
steering maneuvers or abrupt braking,
reduce vehicle speed, pull off the road
to a safe location and stop the vehicle
as soon as possible. Driving with under-
inflated tires may permanently damage
the tires and increase the likelihood of
tire failure. Serious vehicle damage
could occur and may lead to an accident
and could result in serious personal in-
jury. Check the tire pressure for all four
tires. Adjust the tire pressure to the
recommended COLD tire pressure
shown on the Tire and Loading Informa-
tion label to turn the low tire pressure
warning light OFF. If you have a flat tire,
replace it with a spare tire as soon as
possible.
● When a spare tire is mounted or a wheel
is replaced, the TPMS will not function
and the low tire pressure warning light
will flash for approximately 1 minute.
The light will remain on after 1 minute.
Contact your NISSAN dealer as soon as
possible for tire replacement and/or
system resetting. ●
Replacing tires with those not originally
specified by NISSAN could affect the
proper operation of the TPMS.
● Do not inject any tire liquid or aerosol
tire sealant into the tires, as this may
cause a malfunction of the tire pressure
sensors.
CHANGING A FLAT TIRE
If you have a flat tire, follow the instructions be-
low:
Stopping the vehicle
1. Safely move the vehicle off the road and
away from traffic.
2. Turn on the hazard warning flashers.
3. Park on a level surface and apply the parking brake. Shift the manual transmission into R
(Reverse) , or the CVT into P (Park) .
4. Turn off the engine.
5. Raise the hood to warn other traffic and to signal professional road assistance person-
nel that you need assistance.
6. Have all passengers get out of the vehicle and stand in a safe place, away from traffic
and clear of the vehicle.
FLAT TIRE
In case of emergency6-3
Page 395 of 402
Brakes......................8-21
Brake system ...................5-30
Break-in schedule ................5-26
Brightness/contrastbutton............4-9
Brightness control Instrument panel ...............2-29
Bulb check/instrument panel ..........2-15
Bulb replacement ................8-33
C
Capacities and recommended fuel/lubricants . .9-2
Cargonet.....................2-40
Cargo(Seevehicleloadinginformation)....9-14
Car phone or CB radio .............4-66
CD care and cleaning ..............4-63
CD player (See audio system) . .4-39, 4-44, 4-51
Child restraints .......1-16,1-17,1-18,1-20
LATCH (Lower Anchors and Tethers for
CHildren) System ..............1-20
Precautions on child
restraints.........1-18,1-24,1-30,1-34
Top tether strap anchor point locations . .1-22
Child safety rear door lock ............3-6
Chimes, audible reminders ...........2-22
Cleaningexteriorandinterior...........7-2
Clock set/adjustment ...........4-7,4-37
Clock setting
(models with Navigation System) ........4-7
Clock setting
(models without Navigation System) ......4-42
Clutch Clutch fluid ..................8-13
C.M.V.S.S. certification label ..........9-12
Cold weather driving ...............5-34 Compact disc (CD) player
....4-39,4-44,4-51
Connect phone .................4-66
Console box ...................2-38
Console light ...................2-46
Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) . . .5-16 Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)
fluid......................8-12
Driving with Continuously Variable
Transmission (CVT) .............5-16
Control panel buttons ...............4-4
Back button ..................4-7
Brightness/contrast button ..........4-9
Enterbutton..................4-4
Setting button .............4-7,4-37
Controls Audio controls (steering wheel) .......4-64
Heater and air conditioner controls .....4-25
Heater and air conditioner controls
(manual) ...................4-16
Coolant Capacities and recommended
fuel/lubricants .................9-2
Changingenginecoolant...........8-9
Checking engine coolant level ........8-9
Engine coolant temperature gauge .....2-6
Corrosion protection ...............7-6
Cruisecontrol..................5-24
Cupholders...................2-37
Curtain side-impact air bag system
(See supplemental side air bag and curtain
side-impact air bag system) ...........1-52
D
Daytime light system ...............2-29 Defroster switch
Rearwindowdefrosterswitch .......2-27
Dimensionsandweights ............9-10
Dimmer switch for instrument panel ......2-29
Display controls (see control panel buttons) . .4-4
Door open warning light .............2-16
Doors ........................3-4
Drive belt .....................8-17
Driving Cold weather driving .............5-34
Driving with Continuously Variable
Transmission (CVT) .............5-16
Driving with manual transmission ......5-20
Precautions when starting and driving ....5-2
Driving the vehicle ................5-16
E
E
conomy-fuel..................5-28
Emergency engine shutoff ............5-12
Emission control information label .......9-12
Emission control system warranty .......9-19
Engine Before starting the engine ..........5-14
Blockheater.................5-35
Capacities and recommended
fuel/lubricants.................9-2
Changing engine coolant ...........8-9
Changingengineoil.............8-11
Changing engine oil filter ..........8-12
Checking engine coolant level ........8-9
Checking engine oil level ..........8-10
Engine compartment check locations ....8-7
Engine coolant temperature gauge .....2-6
Engine cooling system ............8-8
10-2