engine NISSAN TITAN 2018 Owner´s Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: NISSAN, Model Year: 2018, Model line: TITAN, Model: NISSAN TITAN 2018Pages: 650, PDF Size: 7.54 MB
Page 607 of 650

Remember to keep trailer tongue weight
between 10 - 15% of the trailer weight or
within the trailer tongue weight specifica-
tion recommended by the trailer manufac-
turer. If the tongue weight becomes exces-
sive, rearrange the cargo to obtain the
proper tongue weight. Do not exceed the
maximum tongue weight specification
shown in the “Towing load/specification”
chart even if the calculated available
tongue weight is greater than 15%. If the
calculated tongue weight is less than 10%,
shif t the trailer load forward until the trailer
tongue weight reaches 10% of the trailer
weight.
Always verif y that available capacities are
within the required ratings.TOWING LOAD/SPECIFICATION
WARNING
The towing capacities provided in this
manual are for general reference only.
The safe towing capacity of your vehicle
is affected by dealer and factory in-
stalled options and passenger and
cargo loads. You must weigh the vehicle
and trailer as described in this manual
to determine the actual vehicle towing
capacity. Do not exceed the published
maximum towing capacity or the GCWR
or the GVWR shown on the
FMVSS/CMVSS label. Doing so can re-
sult in an accident causing serious per-
sonal injury or property damage.NOTE:
The SAE J2807 Weight Distributing Class
4 Hitch specifications are based on S and
SV grade models . The Gooseneck Hitch
specifications are based on SV grade
models.
Non-XD models — Single cab — Gasoline engine towing load specification chart — SAE J2807 Weight Distributing Class 4 Hitch
Axle type 2WD4WD
Maximum Payload 1,940 lbs. (880.0 kg) 1,940 lbs. (880.0 kg)
Maximum Towing Capacity *1, *2, *3 9,740 lbs. (4,418.0 kg)9,550 lbs. (4,331.8 kg)
Maximum Tongue load *2, *3 974 lbs. (441.8 kg)955 lbs. (433.2 kg)
Maximum Gross Combined Weight Rating 15,300 lbs. (6,940 kg)15,300 lbs. (6,940 kg)
10-40Technical and consumer information
Page 608 of 650

Non-XD models — Crew cab — Gasoline engine towing load specification chart — SAE J2807 Weight Distributing Class 4 Hitch
Axle type2WD4WD
Maximum Payload 1,590 lbs. (721.2 kg)1,610 lbs. (730.3 kg)
Maximum Towing Capacity *1, *2, *3 9,400 lbs. (4,263.8 kg)9,230 lbs. (4,186.7 kg)
Maximum Tongue load *2, *3 940 lbs. (426.4 kg)923 lbs. (418.7 kg)
Maximum Gross Combined Weight Rating 15,300 lbs. (6,940 kg)15,300 lbs. (6,940 kg)
Non-XD models — King Cab® — Gasoline engine towing load specification chart — SAE J2807 Weight Distributing Class 4 Hitch
Axle type 2WD4WD
Maximum Payload 1,600 lbs. (725.7 kg)1,630 lbs. (739.4 kg)
Maximum Towing Capacity *1, *2, *3 9,400 lbs. (4,263.8 kg)9,240 lbs. (4,191.2 kg)
Maximum Tongue load *2, *3 940 lbs. (426.4 kg)924 lbs. (419.1 kg)
Maximum Gross Combined Weight Rating 15,300 lbs. (6,940 kg)15,300 lbs. (6,940 kg)
XD models — Single cab — Diesel engine towing load specification chart — SAE J2807 Weight Distributing Class 4 Hitch
Axle type 2WD4WD
Maximum Payload 2,420 lbs. (1,097.7 kg) 2,330 lbs. (1,056.9 kg)
Maximum Towing Capacity *1, *2, *3 12,310 lbs. (5,583.7 kg)12,030 lbs. (5,456.7kg)
Maximum Tongue load *2, *3 1,231 lbs. (558.4 kg)1,203 lbs. (545.7 kg)
Maximum Gross Combined Weight Rating 19,450 lbs. (8,822 kg)19,450 lbs. (8,822 kg)
XD models — Crew cab — Diesel engine towing load specification chart — SAE J2807 Weight Distributing Class 4 Hitch
Axle type 2WD4WD
Maximum Payload 2,080 lbs. (943.5 kg) 2000 lbs. (907.2 kg)
Maximum Towing Capacity *1, *2, *3 12,310 lbs. (5,583.7 kg)12,030 lbs. (5,456.7 kg)
Maximum Tongue load *2, *3 1,231 lbs. (558.4 kg)1,203 lbs. (545.7 kg)
Maximum Gross Combined Weight Rating 19,450 lbs. (8,822 kg)19,450 lbs. (8,822 kg)
Technical and consumer information10-41
Page 609 of 650

XD models — King Cab® — Diesel engine towing load specification chart — SAE J2807 Weight Distributing Class 4 Hitch
Axle type2WD4WD
Maximum Payload 2,290 lbs. (1,038.7 kg) 2,120 lbs. (961.6 kg)
Maximum Towing Capacity *1, *2, *3 12,510 lbs. (5,674.4 kg)12,150 lbs. (5,511.1 kg)
Maximum Tongue load *2, *3 1,251 lbs. (567.4 kg)1,215 lbs. (551.1 kg)
Maximum Gross Combined Weight Rating 19,450 lbs. (8,822 kg)19,450 lbs. (8,822 kg)
XD models — Single Cab — Diesel engine towing load specification chart — Gooseneck Hitch
Axle type 2WD4WD
Maximum Payload 2,260 lbs. (1,028.5 kg) 2,170 lbs. (988.7 kg)
Maximum Towing Capacity *1, *2, *3 12,760 lbs. (5,790.9 kg)12,480 lbs. (5,664.9 kg)
Maximum King pin load *2, *3 1,915 lbs. (868.6 kg)1,873 lbs. (849.7 kg)
Maximum Gross Combined Weight Rating 19,450 lbs. (8,822 kg)19,450 lbs. (8,822 kg)
XD models — Crew Cab — Diesel engine towing load specification chart — Gooseneck Hitch
Axle type 2WD4WD
Maximum Payload 1,930 lbs. (878.2 kg)1,840 lbs. (839.0 kg)
Maximum Towing Capacity *1, *2, *3 11,900 lbs. (5,401.3 kg)11,330 lbs. (5,140.1 kg)
Maximum King pin load *2, *3 1,786 lbs. (810.2 kg)1,700 lbs. (771.0 kg)
Maximum Gross Combined Weight Rating 19,450 lbs. (8,822 kg)19,450 lbs. (8,822 kg)
XD models — King Cab® — Diesel engine towing load specification chart — Gooseneck Hitch
Axle type 2WD4WD
Maximum Payload 2,130 lbs. (968.5 kg)1,970 lbs. (895.9 kg)
Maximum Towing Capacity *1, *2, *3 12,630 lbs. (5,730.9 kg)12,160 lbs. (5,519.3 kg)
Maximum King pin load *2, *3 1,895 lbs. (859.6 kg)1,825 lbs. (827.9 kg)
Maximum Gross Combined Weight Rating 19,450 lbs. (8,822 kg)19,450 lbs. (8,822 kg)
10-42Technical and consumer information
Page 610 of 650

XD models — Single cab — Gasoline engine towing load specification chart — SAE J2807 Weight Distributing Class 4 Hitch
Axle type2WD4WD
Maximum Payload 2,910 lbs. (1,319.9 kg)2,850 lbs. (1,292.7 kg)
Maximum Towing Capacity *1, *2, *3 11,590 lbs. (5,257.1 kg)11,330 lbs. (5,139.2 kg)
Maximum Tongue load *2, *3 1,159 lbs. (525.7 kg)1,133 lbs. (513.9 kg)
Maximum Gross Combined Weight Rating*4 17,700 lbs. (8,029 kg)17,700 lbs. (8,029 kg)
XD models — Crew cab — Gasoline engine towing load specification chart — SAE J2807 Weight Distributing Class 4 Hitch
Axle type 2WD4WD
Maximum Payload 2,590 lbs. (1,174.8 kg) 2,520 lbs. (1,143.0 kg)
Maximum Towing Capacity *1, *2, *3 11,270 lbs. (5,111.9 kg)10,990 lbs. (4,985.0 kg)
Maximum Tongue load *2, *3 1,127 lbs. (511.2 kg)1,099 lbs. (498.5 kg)
Maximum Gross Combined Weight Rating*4 17,700 lbs. (8,029 kg)17,700 lbs. (8,029 kg)
XD models — King Cab® — Gasoline engine towing load specification chart — SAE J2807 Weight Distributing Class 4 Hitch
Axle type 2WD4WD
Maximum Payload 2,710 lbs. (1,229.2 kg) 2,560 lbs. (1,161.2 kg)
Maximum Towing Capacity *1, *2, *3 11,380 lbs. (5,161.9 kg)11,040 lbs. (5,007.7 kg)
Maximum Tongue load *2, *3 1,138 lbs. (516.2 kg)1,104 lbs. (500.8 kg)
Maximum Gross Combined Weight Rating*4 17,700 lbs. (8,029 kg)17,700 lbs. (8,029 kg)
XD models — Single cab — Gasoline engine towing load specification chart — Gooseneck Hitch
Axle type 2WD4WD
Maximum Payload 2,690 lbs. (1,221.6 kg) 2,700 lbs. (1,225.0 kg)
Maximum Towing Capacity *1, *2, *3 11,710 lbs. (5,313.5 kg)11,450 lbs. (5,194.4 kg)
Maximum King pin load *2, *3 1,757 lbs. (797.0 kg)1,718 lbs. (779.2 kg)
Maximum Gross Combined Weight Rating*4 17,700 lbs. (8,029 kg)17,700 lbs. (8,029 kg)
Technical and consumer information10-43
Page 611 of 650

XD models — Crew cab — Gasoline engine towing load specification chart — Gooseneck Hitch
Axle type2WD4WD
Maximum Payload 2,440 lbs. (1,107.2 kg)2,310 lbs. (1,052.3 kg)
Maximum Towing Capacity *1, *2, *3 11,390 lbs. (5,167.3 kg)11,120 lbs. (5,044.4 kg)
Maximum King pin load *2, *3 1,709 lbs. (775.1 kg)1,668 lbs. (756.7 kg)
Maximum Gross Combined Weight Rating*4 17,700 lbs. (8,029 kg)17,700 lbs. (8,029 kg)
XD models — King Cab® — Gasoline engine towing load specification chart — Gooseneck Hitch
Axle type 2WD4WD
Maximum Payload 2,550 lbs. (1,161.0 kg) 2,430 lbs. (1,106.1 kg)
Maximum Towing Capacity *1, *2, *3 11,510 lbs. (5,221.1 kg)11,180 lbs. (5,075.5 kg)
Maximum King pin load *2, *3 1,727 lbs. (783.2 kg)1,678 lbs. (761.3 kg)
Maximum Gross Combined Weight Rating*4 17,700 lbs. (8,029 kg)17,700 lbs. (8,029 kg)
*1: The towing capacity values are calculated assuming a base vehicle with driver and any options required to achieve the rating.
Additional passengers, cargo and/or optional equipment will add weight to the vehicle and reduce your vehicle’s maximum towing
capacity.
*2: Use of a weight-distributing hitch system is recommended when towing over 5,000 lbs. (2,268 kg).
*3: The maximum towing capacity when using the Genuine NISSAN step bumper as a ball mount is 5,000 lbs. (2,268 kg) and 500 lbs. (227 kg)
tongue load.
*4: The maximum gross combined weight rating for XD gasoline engine vehicles equipped with 20 inch wheels is 16,900 lbs. (7,666 kg).
10-44Technical and consumer information
Page 625 of 650

∙ Check your hitch, trailer tire pressure,vehicle tire pressure, trailer light opera-
tion, and trailer wheel lug nuts every
time you attach a trailer to the vehicle.
∙ Be certain your rearview mirrors con- form to all federal, state or local regula-
tions. If not, install any mirrors required
for towing before driving the vehicle.
∙ Determine the overall height of the ve- hicle and trailer so the required clear-
ance is known.
Trailer towing tips
In order to gain skill and an understanding
of the vehicle’s behavior, you should prac-
tice turning, stopping and backing up in an
area which is free from traffic. Steering sta-
bility and braking performance will be
somewhat different than under normal
driving conditions.
∙ Always secure items in the trailer to pre- vent load shif t while driving.
∙ Lock the trailer hitch coupler with a pin or lock to prevent the coupler from in-
advertently becoming unlatched.
∙ Avoid abrupt starts, acceleration or stops.
∙ Avoid sharp turns or lane changes. ∙ Always drive your vehicle at a moderate
speed.
∙ When backing up, hold the bottom of the steering wheel with one hand. Move
your hand in the direction in which you
want the trailer to go. Make small cor-
rections and back up slowly. If possible,
have someone guide you when you are
backing up.
Always block the wheels on both vehicle
and trailer when parking. Parking on a
slope is not recommended; however, if you
must do so:
CAUTION
If you move the shif t selector to the P
(Park) position before blocking the
wheels and applying the parking brake,
transmission damage could occur.
1. Apply and hold the brake pedal.
2. Have someone place blocks on the downhill side of the vehicle and trailer
wheels.
3. Af ter the wheel blocks are in place, slowly release the brake pedal until the
blocks absorb the vehicle load.
4. Apply the parking brake. 5. Shif t the transmission into P (Park).
6. Make sure the
indicator light (if so
equipped) indicates the transfer case is
in 4H, 4LO, or 2H and that the ATP light is
off. If the
indicator light is flashing,
or the ATP light is ON, make sure the
transmission is in P (Park) (A/T) and
turn the 4WD switch to 2WD or 4H. For
additional information, refer to “Auto-
matic transmission park warning light”
in the “Instruments and controls” sec-
tion and “Using 4-wheel drive (4WD)” in
the “Starting and driving” section of this
manual.
7. Turn off the engine.
To drive away:
1. Start the vehicle.
2. Apply and hold the brake pedal.
3. Shif t the transmission into gear.
4. Release the parking brake.
5. Drive slowly until the vehicle and trailer are clear from the blocks.
6. Apply and hold the brake pedal.
7. Have someone retrieve and store the blocks.
10-58Technical and consumer information
Page 626 of 650

∙ While going downhill, the weight of thetrailer pushing on the tow vehicle may
decrease overall stability. Therefore, to
maintain adequate control, reduce your
speed and shif t to a lower gear. Avoid
long or repeated use of the brakes
when descending a hill, as this reduces
their effectiveness and could cause
overheating. Shif ting to a lower gear in-
stead provides “engine braking” and re-
duces the need to brake as frequently.
∙ If the engine coolant temperature rises to a high temperature, refer to “If your
vehicle overheats” in the “In case of
emergency” section of this owner’s
manual.
∙ Trailer towing requires more fuel than normal circumstances.
∙ Avoid towing a trailer for your vehicle’s first 500 miles (805 km).
∙ For the first 500 miles (805 km) that you do tow, do not drive over 50 mph
(80 km/h).
∙ Have your vehicle serviced more of ten than at intervals specified. For addi-
tional information, refer to “Mainte-
nance schedules” in the “Maintenance
and schedule” section of this manual. ∙ When making a turn, your trailer wheels
will be closer to the inside of the turn
than your vehicle wheels. To compen-
sate for this, make a larger than normal
turning radius during the turn.
∙ Crosswinds and rough roads will ad- versely affect vehicle/trailer handling,
possibly causing vehicle sway. When
being passed by larger vehicles, be pre-
pared for possible changes in cross-
winds that could affect vehicle han-
dling.
Trailer Sway Assist :
To minimize trailer sway, your vehicle may
apply braking to individual wheels based
on input from your vehicle sensors and ve-
hicle speed. Trailer sway control is a func-
tion of the Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC)
system and is active when the VDC func-
tion is enabled.
CAUTION
If the VDC-OFF switch is on (meaning
VDC system OFF), the Trailer Sway As-
sist is also disabled When Trailer Sway Assist is in operation, the
VDC warning light blinks. When vehicle con-
trol is regained, VDC warning light will turn
OFF.
For additional information about the VDC
system, refer to “Vehicle Dynamic Control
(VDC) OFF switch” in the “Instruments and
controls” section and “Vehicle Dynamic
Control (VDC) system” in the “Starting and
driving” section of this manual.
If Trailer Sway Assist activates, do the fol-
lowing:
1. Take your foot off the accelerator pedal to allow the vehicle to coast and steer
as straight ahead as the road condi-
tions allow. This combination will help
stabilize the vehicle
CAUTION
Do not try to correct trailer sway by
steering or applying the brakes.
2. When the trailer sway stops, gently ap- ply the brakes and pull to the side of the
road in a safe area.
3. Try to rearrange the trailer load so it is balanced. For additional information,
refer to “Pre-towing tips” in this section.
Technical and consumer information10-59
Page 627 of 650

NOTE:
Trailer Sway Assist cannot reduce trailer
sway in all situations.∙ Be careful when passing other vehicles. Passing while towing a trailer requires
considerably more distance than nor-
mal passing. Remember, the length of
the trailer must also pass the other ve-
hicle before you can safely change
lanes.
∙ Use the Tow Mode or downshif t the transmission to a lower gear for engine
braking when driving down steep or
long hills. This will help slow the vehicle
without applying the brakes.
∙ Avoid holding the brake pedal down too long or too frequently. This could cause
the brakes to overheat, resulting in re-
duced braking efficiency.
∙ Increase your following distance to al- low for greater stopping distances
while towing a trailer. Anticipate stops
and brake gradually.
∙ NISSAN recommends that the cruise control (if so equipped) not be used
while towing a trailer. ∙ Some states or provinces have specific
regulations and speed limits for ve-
hicles that are towing trailers. Obey the
local speed limits.
∙ Check your hitch, trailer wiring harness connections, and trailer wheel lug nuts
af ter 50 miles (80 km) of travel and at
every break.
∙ When launching a boat, don’t allow the water level to go over the exhaust tail
pipe or rear bumper.
∙ Make sure you disconnect the trailer lights before backing the trailer into the
water or the trailer lights may burn out.
When towing a trailer, final drive gear oil
should be replaced and transmission
oil/fluid should be changed more fre-
quently. For additional information, refer
to the “Do-it-yourself ” section in this
manual.
Tow mode
Using tow mode is recommended when
pulling a heavy trailer or hauling a heavy
load. Press the TOW MODE switch to acti-
vate tow mode. The indicator light on the
TOW MODE switch illuminates when tow
mode is selected. Press the TOW MODE
switch again to turn tow mode off. Tow mode is automatically canceled when the
ignition switch is turned off.
Tow mode includes the following features:
∙ Grade logic — Adjusts transmission shif ts when pulling a trailer or hauling a
load up a grade.
∙ Downhill Speed Control (DSC) — auto- matically downshif ts when driving
down a grade with a trailer or heavy
load to help control vehicle speed.
Driving the vehicle in the tow mode with no
trailer/load or light trailer/light load will not
cause any damage. However, fuel
economy may be reduced and the
transmission/engine driving characteris-
tics may feel unusual.
When towing a trailer, final drive gear oil
should be replaced and transmission
oil/fluid should be changed more fre-
quently. For additional information, refer
to the “Do-it-yourself ” section of this
manual.
10-60Technical and consumer information
Page 632 of 650

WARNING
A vehicle equipped with 4-Wheel Drive
(4WD) should never be tested using a
two wheel dynamometer (such as the
dynamometers used by some states for
emissions testing), or similar equip-
ment. Make sure you inform the test fa-
cility personnel that your vehicle is
equipped with 4WD before it is placed
on a dynamometer. Using the wrong
test equipment may result in transmis-
sion damage or unexpected vehicle
movement which could result in serious
vehicle damage or personal injury.
Due to legal requirements in some states
and Canadian Provinces, your vehicle may
be required to be in what is called the
“ready condition” for an
Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) test of the
emission control system.
The vehicle is set to the “ready condition”
when it is driven through certain driving
patterns. Usually, the ready condition can
be obtained by ordinary usage of the ve-
hicle. If a powertrain system component is re-
paired or the battery is disconnected, the
vehicle may be reset to a “not ready” condi-
tion. Before taking the I/M test, check the
vehicle’s inspection/maintenance test
readiness condition. Place the ignition
switch in the ON position without starting
the engine. If the Malfunction Indicator
Light (MIL) comes on steady for 20 seconds
and then blinks for 10 seconds, the I/M test
condition is “not ready”. If the MIL does not
blink af ter 20 seconds, the I/M test condi-
tion is “ready”. It is recommended that you
visit a NISSAN dealer to set the “ready con-
dition” or to prepare the vehicle for testing.
diesel engine only
For additional information, refer to the “Ti-
tan Diesel Owner’s Manual”.
This vehicle is equipped with an Event Data
Recorder (EDR). The main purpose of an
EDR is to record, in certain crash or near
crash-like situations, such as an air bag
deployment or hitting a road obstacle, data
that will assist in understanding how a ve-
hicle’s systems performed. The EDR is de-
signed to record data related to vehicle dy-
namics and safety systems for a short
period of time, typically 30 seconds or less.
The EDR in this vehicle is designed to re-
cord such data as:
∙ How various systems in your vehicle were operating;
∙ Whether or not the driver and passen- ger safety belts were buckled/fastened;
∙ How far (if at all) the driver was depress- ing the accelerator and/or brake pedal;
and,
∙ How fast the vehicle was traveling.
∙ Sounds are not recorded.
These data can help provide a better un-
derstanding of the circumstances in which
crashes and injuries occur. NOTE: EDR data
are recorded by your vehicle only if a non-
trivial crash situation occurs; no data are
recorded by the EDR under normal driving
conditions and no personal data (e.g.
READINESS FOR INSPECTION/
MAINTENANCE (I/M) TEST (gas
engine only) EVENT DATA RECORDERS (EDR)
Technical and consumer information10-65
Page 634 of 650

11 Index
4WD.......................5-45
4WDwarninglight..............2-22
4-Wheel Drive.................5-45
A
Active Brake Limited Slip (ABLS)
system .....................5-59
Aimingcontrol,headlights.........2-57
Air bag (See supplemental restraint
system) .................... .1-53
Air bag system Front (See supplemental front impact air
bagsystem).............1-60, 1-75
Air bag warning labels ............1-80
Airbagwarninglight..........1-81, 2-29
Air bag warning light,
supplemental ..............1-81, 2-29
Air cleaner ...................8-19
Air cleaner housing filter ..........8-19
Air conditioner Air conditioner operation ....4-38,4-44
Air conditioner specification label . .10-20
Air conditioner system refrigerant and oil
recommendations ............10-8
Air conditioner system refrigerant
recommendations ............10-8
Heater and air conditioner (automatic)
(if so equipped) ..............4-43
Heater and air conditioner
controls ..................4-44
Servicing air conditioner ........4-48Air flow charts
.................4-39
Alarm system
(See vehicle security system) .......2-48
Anchor point locations ............1-31
Antenna ....................4-88
Antifreeze ...................5-69
Anti-lock brake warning light .......2-22
Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) ......5-57
Apps ......................4-88
Audible reminders ..............2-32
Audiosystem.................4-48 AMradioreception............4-49
Bluetooth® audio .........4-84,4-85
Bluetooth® streaming audio . .4-84, 4-85
Compact disc (CD)
player.............4-59,4-65,4-72
FM-AM radio with compact disc (CD)
player....................4-57
FM/AM/SAT radio with compact disc (CD)
player.................4-61,4-67
FMradioreception............4-49
iPod®Player.............4-78,4-81
iPod® player operation ......4-78,4-81
Radio ....................4-48
Steering wheel audio control
switch....................4-87
USBinterface............4-74,4-76
USB (Universal Serial Bus) Connection
Port.....................4-76
Autolightswitch ...............2-55
Automatic Automatic drive positioner . . .3-42, 3-44
Automatic power window switch. . .2-89 Driving with automatic
transmission................5-17
Automatic anti-glare inside mirror ....3-32
Automatic door locks .............3-8
Automatic drive positioner .....3-42,3-44
Automatic transmission fluid temperature
gauge ......................2-11
AUXjack....................4-69
B
Back button ...................4-7
Battery..................5-69,8-15 Charge warning light ..........2-25
Battery replacement ............8-26
Keyfob...................8-26
NISSAN Intelligent Key® .........8-26
Before starting the engine .........5-14
Belt(Seedrivebelt)..............8-17
Blind Spot Warning (BSW) ..........5-23
Block heater Engine ....................5-71
Bluetooth® audio ...........4-84,4-85
Bluetooth® hands-free phone
system .................4-120,4-133
Booster seats .................1-49
Br ak
e
Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) ....5-57
Brakefluid.................8-13
Brakelight(Seestoplight) .......8-31
Brakesystem...............5-56
Brakewarninglight ...........2-24