clutch PORSCHE 944 1987 1.G Owners Manual

INDEX
A
ABS Acceleration diagram Accelerator pedal Air Bag System Air - cleaner
- conditioner
- filter
Alternator warning light Antifreeze Antilock, Brake system Anti-theft alarm Ashtray Automatic- garage door
- speed control
- transmission
- transmission fluid B
Battery
Boost pressure gauge
Brake - booster
- fluid
- fluid warning light
- pads
- parking
- pedal
- system
- warning light
Break-in hints
Bulb replacing
Buzzer 28,39
118-129
55
20, 21, 38, 3980, 8144-4680,81 39
74,75,11028, 39
11
42, 98
25
29
53-55
78,110,128
90-9234
27
39,79,11039
27,37,47,79,80 26
26, 27
26,27,11537
47
93-98
10,18,24,30
C/D
CASIS
Capacities
Car care instructions
Casis
Catalytic Converter
Cautions
Central locking
Central warning light
Cigarette lighter
Cleaning
Clock
Clutch pedal
Collapsible spare tire
Control warning light system
Coolant Temperature Gauge
Cooling system
Corrosion prevention
Dashboard
Defogging/defrosting
Dimensions
Doors
Driving hints
E/F
Electrical system
Emergency- flasher
- starting
Emission Control System
Engine - cooling
- exhaust
- hood
- number
- oil checking & changing
- oil
-speed, max 35
110
61-66
35
50,10267
13
37
41
61-66 40
27
85
36-39 36
74-77
65-66
24
44-46 114
12,138-9, 48, 49
89-92
41
92
100-103 74-77
48
586
69-72
69,110,111,128
34,47,52,106-
108
Fan control switch knob
Fan, radiator
Filling capacities
Fog lights
Fuel - economy
- evaporation control
- gauge
- recommendation
- tank
Fuses and relays
G/H
Gas Station Information
Gasohol
Gasoline
Gear ratio diagram
Gearshift lever
Glove compartment
Hatchback
Headlights
Headlight- dimmer
- flasher
- switch
- washing system
Heater/ventilation controls
Hood - front
- rear
Horn
I/J
Ignition/steering lock
Instrument illumination
Instruments
Interior ligh 44
36, 74 110
30, 96, 97
49
103 37
50, 51
50,110
89,126
126-129 51
50,51
122-125 52-55
42
56
30,95,99 30
30
30
31,32,81,11044-4658
56,57
21,24
24
30
33-40
43, 98
4

Jack
- supports
K/L
Keys
Kickdown
Lane changer
Leather
License plate light
Light switch
Lights - ashtray
- fog
- interior
- license plate
- parking
- turn signal
Locks - doors, wheels
Loudspeakers
Lubricants
Luggage compartment
M/O
Manual transmission
- oil
Mirrors
Oil- change
- consumption
- filter changing
- pressure gauge
- pressure warning light
Octane rating
Oxygen Sensor
P/R
Paint code number 68
87, 88, 129
10-11,86 55
30
65
98
30
98
30, 96, 97
43, 9898
30, 37, 93, 94
30,93,94
10-13, 86 89
110,111 57
52,122-125 77,11022,43
71,72
47, 69
71, 72 38
38
50, 51,106-108 101,102
7
Parking- brake
- lights
Performance
Power assisted steering
Power train
Power windows
Prop-up roof
Radiator fan
Rear - hood
- view mirrors
- window defogger
- wiper
Recirculation Switch
Refrigerant
Relays
Rims
Roof racks
Roof, removable S
Safe driving hints
Safetybelts
Safety belt warning light
Safety compliance sticker
Seat heating System
Seats
Sekuriflex windshield
Shift indicator
Shift points
Side marker lights
Ski racks
Snow- chains
- tires
Spare tire, collapsible
Spark plugs
Specifications, engine
26, 3730,37,93,94116731091259, 6036, 7456,572241424446,11089,12664,112,11357,11459, 60
8-9
17-21,6518,3771514-1631, 63, 643552-559457,11483, 84,112,113
83,84, 111,113
85106-108106-109
Speedometer
Starting procedures
Sun visors
T/U
Tachometer
Technical data
Tirepressure
Tires
Tool kit
Trip odometer
Transmission oil
Trunk
Turn signal lights
Undercoating
Unleaded fuel
V/W
Vehicle identification
Ventilation
Voltmeter
Warning/indicator lights
Washer reservoir
Washing
Water temperature gauge
Weatherstrips
Weights
Wheel alignment
Wheel nuts, lockable
Wheels
Wheel changing
Windows
Windshield- washer reservoir
- wiper/washer lever 3324, 2543
34, 35105-12582,112,113,12947,82-87,112,113683377, 78,11056,5730, 37, 93, 9465, 66,10050, 51,106-108,110
6-744-463835-4081,11061-6636641141158647,64,82-87,11285-8812,63,6481,11031
5

Location of Vehicle Identification Number,
Paint and Engine Number
When ordering spare parts or submitting
inquiries, always quote vehicle
identification and
engine number to assure correct and prompt service.



Vehicle Identification number
In accordance with Federal Safety
Regulations, the vehicle identification number
of your car is located on the left* windshield
pillar and can be seen from the outside.
Throughout this booklet and other Porsche
publications applicable to USA vehicles, left is
designated as the driver's side of the vehicle,
and right as the passenger's side of the
vehicle. Engine number

The engine number is stamped on the left
side of the crankcase next to the clutch
housing.

6





Paint number
The paint number sticker is on the left side of
the engine compartment, to the right of the
central electric box.
The Safety Compliance Sticker is your
assurance that your new Porsche complies
with all applicable Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards which were in effect at the
time the vehicle was manufactured. This
sticker is located on the left side of the engine
compartment to the left of the central electric
box.
The sticker also shows the month and year of
production and the vehicle identification
number of your car as well as the Gross
Vehicle Weight Rating and the Gross Axle
Weight Rating.
The Vehicle Identification Label is located
under the luggage compartment carpeting and attached to the rear panel next to the left tail
light housing. This label contains the following
information:
1. Vehicle Identification Number
2. Vehicle Code
3. Engine and Transmission Code
4. Paint and Interior Code
5. Option Codes
A duplicate of this label is in your Warranty and Maintenance booklet.
7

Front seats
The correct seating position is all-
important for safe and fatigue-free driving.
In order to satisfy individual requirements, the
seat has infinitely variable adjustment.
The rocker switches for the height adjustment
are located at the outboard side of the seat.
We recommend the following procedure for
finding the correct position for the driver's
seat:
1. Operate longitudinal adjustment until your leg is fully stretched with the clutch pedal
depressed while your foot is bent.
2.
Adjust desired fore/aft height.
3. Clasp upper portion of steering wheel. Then adjust backrest inclination so that both
shoulders remain in contact with the
backrest even with your arms fully
stretched.
4.
If necessary, correct the longitudinal
adjustment.



Seat Adjustment

The seats permit individual longitudinal
adjustment. After pulling up the locking lever
on the outboard side of the seat, the seat can
be repositioned forward or rearward.
WARNING
Do not adjust seats while the vehicle is in
motion. The seat may move unexpectedly
which could cause sudden loss of vehicle
control or personal injury. Backrest Adjustment


The backrests can be adjusted forward or
rea
rward by pulling up the locking lever on the inboard side of the seat.
WARNING
Front seat passengers should not ride in a
moving vehicle with the backrest reclined.
Safety belts only offer protection when the
backrest is upright and the belts are
properly positioned on the body.
Improperly positioned safety belts can
cause serious personal injury in an
accident.
14





Electric Seat Adjustment

The lifting controls are designed for front and
rear vertical adjustment by pressing a rocker
switch.
A Front end up
B Front end down
C Rear end up
D Rear end down
Vehicles with electric backrests and fore-and-
aft adjustment are equipped with rocker
switches with two additional functions.
A Move seat forward
B Move seat rearward
C Move backrest forward
D Move backrest rearward
Seat Heating System
The seat heating system is turned on by
means of the switch (a); it heats the seat pan
and backrest. After appr. 15 minutes, a time
relay shuts off the heating automatically. You
can also turn it off earlier by pushing the
switch downward.

Lumbar Support


The lumbar support is controlled by the rear
rocker switch (b) and can be
extended/retracted or raised/lowered to any
position to support the spine.

Horizontal adjustment

Height adjustment
15

Ignition/Starter Switch with Steering Lock
The steering is equipped with an anti-theft
ignition lock.
Switch positions
0
The steering is blocked by the steering lock: all circuits wired through the ignition
are switched off.
The ignition key can only be withdrawn in the
"0" position. The parking lights can be
operated in this position by pushing the turn
signal indicator lever up and down (also see
"Parking lights").
1 Position for radio. Steering unlocked. If it is difficult to turn the key, gently move the
steering wheel until the key turns freely.
Note: all circuits which are disconnected in
position "3" can be switched on.
To conserve battery power, switch off other
electrical consumers while playing radio in
position "1".
2
Ignition on. All electric circuits are
operational. With the engine stationary, the
central warning light and all individual
warning lights located in both combination
instruments will light up for a bulb check.
3
The starter is operated by turning the
ignition key to the right. As soon as the
engine starts, release the key. It will spring
back to position "2". With the engine
running, the central and individual warning
lights should go out (see "Central warning
light").
To conserve battery power, the electric
circuits for headlights, rear window de-
fogger/defroster, temperature control and
wiper/washer system are temporarily interrupted during the starting process.
The starter should not be operated for more
than 10 to 15 seconds at a time. If the engine
does not start the first time or stalls at any
time, the ignition key must be returned to the
"0" position. The non-repeat lock in the switch
prevents the
starter from being operated when the engine is running and guards against
starter damage.
To remove the key and to lock the steering
wheel
, turn the key back to position "0" and
pull out. Turn the steering wheel until it locks.

WARNING
Never remove key from ignition lock or
turn key off while vehicle is moving. The
steering wheel will lock, causing loss of
control.
Instrument panel lights
Warning lights for alternator, oil pressure, and
brake system will light up for a bulb check
when the ignition is turned on. They should go out after the engine is started. The brake
warning light will go out after the parking
brake has been fully released. See
"Warning lights" for more details.
Buzzer
If you leave the key in the ignition/steering
lock, the buzzer will sound when the driver's
door is opened. This is a reminder to remove
the key.
For further details see "Starting Procedures"
on the following page.

24

Starting Procedures

WARNING
Fasten safety belts before driving.
Never start or let the engine run in an enclosed, unventilated area. Exhaust
fumes from the engine contain carbon
monoxide, which is a colorless and
odorless gas. Carbon monoxide can be
fatal if inhaled.

Never leave engine idling unattended. An unattended vehicle with a running engine
is potentially hazardous.
Do not park or operate the vehicle in areas where the hot exhaust system may
come in contact with dry grass, brush,
fuel spill or other flammable material.
Never leave engine idling. When starting engine, be ready to drive immediately.
Maintain moderate speed until engine is
warm.

Automatic Transmission - Start with selec-
tor lever in Park.
Manual Transmission - Start with gearshift
lever in Neutral.
Temperature sensors on the engine auto- matically provide the correct fuel/air mixture
required for starting.
Therefore, do not depress the accelerator
pedal while starting a cold or a warm engine.
When starting at very low outside
temperatures , fully depress the clutch pedal,
so that the starter only has to crank the
engine.
As soon as the engine starts, release the ignition key.
If the engine fails to start after 10 to 15
seconds of cranking, wait about 10
seconds before engaging starter again.
Do not let engine idle to warm it up. After
starting, drive vehicle at moderate speeds and with gradual accelerations. Avoid high rpm
and full throttle operation until the engine has
reached normal operating temperature.
Stopping engine
Turn key back to position 0.
Do not stop engine immediately after hard
or extended driving. Keep engine running
at increased idle for about two minutes to
prevent excessive heat buildup before
turning off engine.
WARNING
Before you check anything in the engine compartment, let the engine cool down.
Hot components can burn skin on
contact.

The radiator fan switches on automatically when the coolant reaches a
certain temperature and continues to run
(even with ignition off) until the coolant
temperature drops. Therefore, never
touch the fan blades as they will rotate
spontaneously when the thermoswitch
turns the fan on.

If you have an automatic garage door...
The transistorized ignition system in your
Porsche may interfere with your electronically
operated garage door. To check this: drive
your Porsche close to the garage door and
run the engine at different speeds.
If the garage door opens or closes without
your operating the garage door unit in your
car, contact the dealer who installed the
automatic garage door to have the frequency
and/or coding of the garage door signal
modified.
25

The brake warning light on the dashboard will go out after the engine is started and the
parking brake is fully released.
WARNING
Release the parking brake fully. A partially engaged brake will overheat the rear
brakes, reduce their effectiveness and
cause excessive wear.
Always set the parking brake when parking your car. Move the selector lever
to "P" (Automatic transmission) or move
the gearshift lever to reverse or first gear
(Manual transmission). On hills also turn
the wheels toward the curb.

WARNING Failure of one brake circuit will impair the
braking capability resulting in an
increased stopping distance.
If one brake circuit has failed, the other will
still operate. However, you will notice an
increased pedal travel when you step on the
brake. Should you encounter such
experience, bring your vehicle safely to a full
stop.
Avoid driving the vehicle and instead have it towed to the nearest authorized Porsche
dealer.

Brake Pedal

Parking Brake Lever
Parking brake force is mechanically trans-
ferred to the rear wheels by means of cables.
Use the parking brake only after the vehicle
has come to a full stop.
To set parking brake,
pull the lever all the way up (arrow). With the ignition on, the brake warning light will come
on.
To release the parking brake,
pull the lever slightly up as you depress the
release button, and then push the lever all
the way down.

Brakes

Functioning of brake system
Your Porsche is equipped with a power
assisted hydraulic dual circuit brake system
with disc brakes at the front and at the rear. Both circuits function independently. One
brake circuit operates the front and the other
the rear axle.
In the unlikely event of hydraulic failure of
one circuit, push the brake pedal down
firmly and hold it in that position. A
mechanical linkage activates the second
circuit, and you will be able to bring the
vehicle to a stop.
WARNING
The movement of the brake pedal must never be obstructed by a floor mat or any
other object. In case one of the two brake
circuits fails, increased pedal travel is
required to bring your vehicle to a full
stop.

Make sure that the size of your floor mat does not hamper the movements of either brake, clutch or accelerator pedals in any
way.
Secure the floor mat against sliding into positions that could interfere with the
safe operation of your vehicle.
Do not "ride the brakes" by resting your foot on the pedal when not intending to
brake. Overheating and premature wear
of the brakes will result.
26

Before descending a steep grade, reduce
speed and shift transmission into a lower
gear or driving position to control speed. Do
not ride the brakes or hold pedal down too
long or too often. This could cause the
brakes to get hot and not function properly.

Brake operation and brake warning light
Make it a habit to check the operation of your
brakes before driving. The failure of a brake
circuit is indicated by the lighting up of the
dual-circuit brake indicator lamp. See also
brake fluid warning lamp.
With correctly adjusted brakes the pedal travel to the point of brake actuation should be
13/16" to 19/16" (30 to 40 mm). Whenever the brake pedal travel is greater, have the brake
system checked.
Keep in mind that the braking distance
increases very rapidly as the speed increases. At 60 mph/100 km/h, for example, it is not twice but four times longer than at 30 mph/ 50
km/h. Tire traction is also less effective when
the roads are wet and slippery. Therefore,
keep a safe distance from the car in front of
you.

Brake Booster The brake booster assists braking only
when the engine is running. When the car is moving while the engine is not running, or if
the brake booster is defective, more pressure
on the brake pedal is required to bring the car
to a halt.
Moisture or road salt on brakes affects
braking
WARNING
Driving through water may reduce tire
traction. Moisture on brakes from road
water, car wash, or coating of road salt
may affect braking efficiency. Cautiously
apply brakes to test them after being
exposed to such conditions. When the
vehicle is driven on salted roads for
extended periods, the brakes should be
hosed down thoroughly about every 2
weeks. An automatic car-wash facility
cannot do this job properly. Brakes will dry after a few cautious brake applications.
Brake wear
Our automobiles have excellent brakes, but
they are still subject to wear, depending on
how the brakes are used. Have the brake
system inspected at the intervals
recommended in your Warranty &
Maintenance booklet.

New brake pads or linings Brake pads or
linings may not have the highest possible
braking efficiency when new. Therefore allow
for longer braking distance during the initial
100 to 150 miles or 150 to 250 kilometers of
normal city driving; longer if fewer stops are
realized.
Clutch Pedal
Due to the hydraulic operation of the clutch,
pedal play should be 0.1" or 2.5 mm.
To check the play, depress the clutch pedal.
Excessive play or tightness indicate a
malfunction of the clutch. Both conditions can
lead to severe damage. Contact your Po
rsche dealer promptly to have the cause located and corrected. Always depress the clutch pedal fully when changing gears. Do not hold the car on a
steep hill with the clutch pedal partially
depressed. This will cause premature wear or
damage.

27

ABS Brake System (Antilock brake system)
The ABS system represents a major
contribution to the enhancement of active
safety in your vehicle. This system prevents
the wheels from locking in a panic stop on
almost all road surfaces.
With ABS system in your vehicle, the
following areas are enhanced:
Full steerability , vehicle remains steerable
under all braking forces.
Good directional control , no swerving
caused by locking of wheels under braking
conditions.
Excellent stopping distance , stopping
distances are usually reduced because
controlled braking is maximized.
Prevention of wheel lock up , no brake-
induced sliding and thus no localized tire wear from emergency braking.
The crucial advantage of ABS system over a
conventional brake system is in the area of
maintaining directional control and
maneuverability of the car in emergency
situations, including panic braking in turns.
WARNING:
In spite of the improved handling afforded
by the ABS system, it still remains the
responsibility of the driver to adapt the
driving style to the prevailing road and
weather conditions, as well as, obeying
traffic laws. In no case, should the higher
degree of safety offered by ABS be
regarded as a

justification for taking greater risks. Other vehicles not equipped with the ABS
system may not be able to maintain
control, especially on wet or poor road
surfaces and thus may be more likely to
impact you in the rear. To minimize that r
isk, use your ABS system to increase your ability to maneuver to avoid dangerous
situations and not merely to try to stop in
the shortest distance possible.
Driving with the ABS System
A wheel speed sensor is fitted to each of the four wheels. If wheel slippage of either of the
front wheels or the rear wheels is sensed
during braking, the brake pressure is adjusted
automatically until the wheel no longer slips.
The brake pressure is regulated for each front
wheel individually and for both rear wheels together.
On a road surface which is slippery on only
one side, the rear wheel which is braking on
the slippery surface determines the brake
pressure which will be applied equally to both
rear wheels. This ensures that directional
stability is maintained. However, if braking
force approaches the wheel locking-up point
for all wheels (panic braking) the ABS system
will intervene in a way comparable with rapid rhythmic braking. The proper operation of ABS is perceived by the driver as a pulsating brake pedal in conjunction with audible noise
and perhaps some vibration. The driver is
thereby warned to reduce vehicle speed
appropriate for the prevailing road conditions.

If your ABS system should ever malfunction,
the ABS system is automatically switched off,
but the normal brake system, without ABS,
would remain fully operational. Such a malfunction would be indicated by the illumination of the central warning light, as well as the "ANTILOCK" light on the right hand
side of the instrument cluster.
If the ABS system becomes inoperative,
take your vehicle to your authorized dealer immediately.
Note
The control unit of the ABS brake system is
set for standard tire sizes. If non-standard
tires are fitted, the control unit may
misinterpret the speed of the vehicle, because of the variant data it receives from the sensors on the axles.
If the difference in rolling radius exceeds
approx. 17%, the control unit deactivates the
ABS system and the ABS warning lamp lights up.
28


1 Set accelerate
2 Reset
3 Cancel

Automatic Speed Control
The automatic speed control allows you to
maintain a constant cruising speed of 25 mph
(40 km/h) or higher, without actuating the
accelerator pedal. Any manual operation,
such as accelerating, gearshifting or braking
can be done independent of the automatic
speed control. The spring loaded control lever
operating the automatic speed control is
located just below the wiper/ washer lever.
While driving with the automatic speed
control set at speeds above 25 mph (40
km/ h), do not bring shift lever into the
Neutral position as excessive engine rpm
will result.
To operate the automatic speed control Accelerate to the desired cruising speed, push lever toward instrument cluster (arrow 1) and
release. This sets the cruising speed and
stores it in a memory.
After a second or two, automatic speed control will take over and you can remove
your foot from the accelerator pedal. The set
cruising speed will be maintained
automatically.
WARNING
Do not use the cruise control when it may
be unsafe to keep the car at a constant
speed. For example, a constant speed may not be safe in heavy traffic, or on winding
or slippery roads. With the cruise control
system engaged, the engine speed will not
return to idle when removing the foot from
the accelerator pedal.
Please observe all local and national speed limits.

Passing: If you want to drive faster for a brief
moment, for example when passing another
vehicle, actuate the accelerator. When you
take your foot off the accelerator pedal, the
preset speed will automatically be resumed.
Gearshifting: When shifting gears, the
automatic speed control is only disengag
ed as long as the clutch pedal is depressed. The
preset speed will be resumed as soon as you
take your foot off the clutch pedal.
Braking and stopping: Whenever you apply
the brake or come to a stop, the automatic
speed control is disengaged. Move the lever
down (arrow 2), and the preset speed will be
resumed.

Switching system off: To switch off the
automatic speed control, move the lever
toward you (arrow 3). To resume the preset
speed, move the lever down (arrow 2).
To change the preset cruising speed
Increase preset speed:
Accelerate by depressing the accelerator pedal. When the desired speed is reached push lever toward instrument cluster (arrow 1) and take your foot off the accelerator pedal.
Now the new cruising speed is set and stored
in the memory. As an alternative, you can hold the lever in the front position (arrow 1), without depressing the accelerator pedal. The car will
accelerate on its own. When the desired
speed is reached, release the lever.
Decrease preset speed:
Apply the brake, which will disengage the automatic speed control. When the vehicle
has slowed down to the desired speed, push
lever toward instrument cluster (arrow 1) to
set the new cruising speed.
As an alternative, disengage the automatic
speed control by moving the lever toward you
(arrow 3). When the vehicle has slowed down
to the desired speed, push lever toward
instrument cluster (arrow 1) to register the
new cruising speed in the memory.
Note: When driving up a hill, if the engine
power is insufficient in a particular gear, the
speed control will be disengaged
automatically. Shift to a lower gear to avoid
stalling the engine.

29

Automatically Controlled
Air Conditioner
The air conditioning system works only when
the engine is running. Its refrigerating capacity depends on engine speed. If a high
refrigerating capacity is desired, it is
necessary to rev up the engine -
particularly in city or bumper-to-bumper traffic.
The air conditioning system can be turned on
at any air distribution position by pressing the
air conditioner switch. When the system is
turned on, the air conditioning compressor is
activated via a magnetic clutch.
Optimal cooling is achieved when the fan
control switch is at position 4, the windows are closed and the lateral as well as the
center dashboard vents are fully opened and
the temperature switch is set at maximum
cooling power.
When the air conditioning system is on,
additional cooled air enters the glove
compartment through a vent.
After prolonged exposure to sun, it is recommended that you ventilate the
passenger compartment with the windows
down and air conditioning on.
Should the air conditioning system fail, i. e.
uncooled air flows through the vents while the
system is switched on, have it checked in an
authorized workshop.


45

Functioning
The automatic system controls the passenger
compartment temperature in accordance with
the temperature preset by the temperature
knob.
The passenger compartment temperature is
kept constant under varying climatic
conditions.
Cold and warm air is automatically mixed by
means of air flaps operated by a servo motor.
The servo motor is controlled by a passenger
compartment temperature sensor, an ambient
temperature sensor and a temperature sensor located in the air conditioner.
There are several options to satisfy the
requirements of individual comfort with an
automatically controlled air-conditioning
system:
The upper level (2) is operated to direct the air flow towards the windshield (right position:
open; left position: closed).
The lower level (3) can be used to direct the
air flow to the footwell outlets (right position:
open; left position: closed). The positions of
these two levers are infinitely variable and can be set independently of one another. A higher or lower temperature range can be preselected by means of the temperature
control knob.

Air Conditioning System Maintenance The air conditioning system must be turned on for a short period of time at least once a
month. This instruction should be observed
particularly during the cold season to ensure
proper lubrication of the sealing rings and
compressor bearings.
For this purpose, set the temperature control
knob at maximum cooling temperature
(extreme counterclockwise position).
Check the compressor polyrib belt for proper
tension during regular maintenance.
Due to the loss of refrigerant, which is
technically inevitable, the refrigerant level in
the fluid reservoir should be checked at least
once a year.
If gas bubbles are visible over an extended
period of time in the inspection window of the
fluid reservoir while the air conditioner is
running, there is a deficit of refrigerant in the
air conditioning system. The brief appearance
of gas bubbles is due to technical reasons.
Should the air conditioning system fail, i. e.
uncooled air flows through the vents while the
system is switched on, have it checked by
your Porsche dealer.


46

WARNING
Never carry additional fuel in portable containers in your car. Such containers,
full or partially empty, may leak, cause an
explosion, or result in fire in case of a
collision.
Porsche does not recommend the use of
fuel additives.
Do not use any fuel with octane ratings
lower than 91 RON or 87 CLC or AKI,
944S/944 Turbo 95 RON or 90 CLC or AKI.
Gasolines containing alcohol
Gasoline containing alcohol is available at gas
stations in some areas. The gas pump may not
be labeled to identify that alcohol is present in
the gasoline. If it is labeled, it may not identify
what amount and type(s) of alcohol
are used. We recommend you DO NOT use
fuels where the alcohol content cannot be
identified.
Gasolines containing methanol
DO NOT
use fuels containing methanol (methyl alcohol, wood alcohol). The use of fuel
containing this type of alcohol can result in
vehicle drivability and performance problems
and may damage critical parts of your vehicle's
fuel and emission control systems.
Gasolines containing ethanol
A mixture of unleaded gasoline and ethanol (ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol) is sold in some
areas. This mixture is sometimes called
"Gasohol".
You may use gasohol in your

Porsche, provided it contains no more than
10% ethanol, and the octane requirements for
your vehicle are met. However, we strongly
recommend to switch back to gasoline without
ethanol, if you experience any of the following
problems with your vehicle:
Deterioration of drivability and performance.
Substantially reduced fuel economy. Vapor lock and non-start problems, especially
at high altitude or at high temperatures.
Engine malfunction or stalling.
Continued use of gasohol under these
conditions may cause costly damage to the fuel system and the emission control system of your vehicle.

51

Gearshifting Manual Transmission


Maximum downshift points
5th to 4th gear
944 115 mph/1 80 km/h or 4300 rpm
944 S 123 mph/1 98 km/h or 5400 rpm
Turbo 130 mph/210 km/h or 5000 rpm
4th to 3rd gear
944 85 mph/1 36 km/h or 4750 rpm
944 S 91 mph/1 46 km/h or 5000 rpm
Turbo 96 mph/1 55 km/h or 4500 rpm
3rd to 2nd gear
944 58 mph/ 94 km/h or 4500 rpm
944 S 61 mph/ 98 km/h or 4600 rpm
Turbo 65 mph/1 05 km/h or 4250 rpm
2nd to 1st gear
944 34 mph/ 55 km/h or 3850 rpm
944 S 36 mph/ 58 km/h or 4000 rpm
Turbo 38 mph/ 62 km/h or 3700 rpm
Minimum upshifting points
1st to 2nd gear at 15 mph/24 km/h or
944 2850 rpm
944 S 2800 rpm
Turbo 2850 rpm
2nd to 3rd gear at 25 mph/40 km/h or
944 2800 rpm
944 S 2750 rpm
Turbo 2400 rpm
3rd to 4th gear at 40 mph/64 km/h or
944 3050 rpm
944 S 3000 rpm
Turbo 2750 rpm
4th to 5th gear at 48 mph/77 km/h or
944 2700 rpm
944 S 2650 rpm
Turbo 2300 rpm
The Porsche transmission with servo-lock
synchronization permits rapid and precise
shifting of gears. But be sure when changing
gears that the clutch pedal is fully depressed
to the floor, and that the gearshift lever is
completely engaged. The engine speeds for
the individual gears are listed on this page.
Reverse
Only shift into reverse when the car has
come to a complete stop.

The clutch pedal must be depressed and the
vehicle must be stationary before shifting into
reverse; only then move the gearshift lever to
the right (overcoming the spring resistance)
and then to the rear. Both back-up lights come on when the
transmission is put into reverse (with ignition
on).
For smooth shifting, observe the following shift points:
The specified maximum rpm figures should
not be exceeded when shifting down, as
otherwise the engine speed would be too
high. This applies to standard gear ratios only.

Please observe all local and national speed limits!
52

Controls for Automatic Transmission
The selector lever has 6 positions:

Park
Rev erse

Neutral
Driv e
Low
Low




... If the selector lever is unintentionally mo ved
into Neutral (N) while driving, take your foot off
the accelerator pedal and wait until the engine
speed has dropped to idle before selecting a driving position.
Never shift into Reverse (R) or Park (P) when
the car is in motion.
... Never get out of the driver's seat when the
engine is running and the selector lever is not in the "P" position. Move the selector lever to
"P" and apply parking brake.
... Always make sure the selector lever is in the
"P" position when checking under the hood.
Otherwise, any increase in engine speed may
set the vehicle in motion, even with the
parking brake applied.
... A driving position must never be used for
holding the vehicle at rest uphill. Always use
your foot brakes when stopped on inclines.
Driving the Automatic Transmission
The Automatic Transmission has 3 forward
gears and one reverse. In driving positions D
and 2 the Automatic Transmission changes
gears automatically while driving.
Position D
is the driving position normally used for city and highway driving. It ranges from zero to top
speed, and all three gears shift automatically
depending on driving speed.

Start in Park
The selector lever has a push button in the
handle. The push button must be
depressed when selecting the following
positions:
From P to R
R to P depress push button
N to R in handle
2 to 1
The selector lever can be moved freely
between the other positions.
The respective position is illuminated in the tachometer as long as the ignition key is in
the ignition lock.
Remember the following basic rules:

... Apply the parking brake or foot brake before
selecting a driving position. When the selector
lever is in a driving position, the car may creep
even at idle speed. Therefore, do not release
the parking brake or foot brake until you are
ready to move.
... Do not accelerate while selecting a driving
position. Wait for positive engagement. At this
time the engine must run at idle speed so that
no undue stress will be placed on the automatic
clutches in the transmission.
53

Position 2
is to be used for mountain driving or slow
driving, when towing a trailer and also when
you want to make use of the engine's braking
effect. In "2", only the first and second gears
will engage automatically. Therefore, only shift down into position "2" when the speed is below 63 mph or 100 km/h. It is not necessary to let up on the accelerator.
Position 1
is needed on rare occasions. It should only be
used up to 25 mph or 40 km/h. In "1" the
transmission will stay in first gear and not shift
into the second or third gear.
Only shift down into "1" when driving speed is below 25
mph or 40 km/h.
The reverse position R
Reverse should be selected only when the car has come to a full stop and the engine is
running at idle speed.
The back-up lights come on automatically
when you engage Reverse (with ignition on). Starting the engine
is only possible when the selector lever is in
Neutral or Park (N or P) . As long as one of
the driving positions is engaged a safety
switch prevents the engine from being started.

Emergency starting
Your Porsche with Automatic Transmission
cannot be started by pushing or towing.
Should the engine fail to start see "Emergency starting with jumper cables" or consult your
nearest authorized Porsche dealer.
DO NOT START OR TOW the car without
ATF in the transmission, as this will result
in serious damage to transmission and
torque converter.
Putting the car in gear
With the parking brake or foot brake set, shift
into the position you wish to use, usually
position D. To accelerate, release the brake
and depress the gas pedal.
WARNING
Do not release the brake before you are
prepared to move, because power is
transmitted to the wheels as soon as a
driving position is engaged.
Selecting a driving position while driving
is easy. Simply release the accelerator pedal
and move the selector lever from the position
you are in into the position you want. Then
step on the accelerator again.
WARNING
Do not shift to a lower driving position
until vehicle speed has dropped below the
specified limits. Engine speed will sudden-

ly increase and may cause engine damage and loss of vehicle control.
Stopping
When stopping temporarily, at traffic lights for
example, it is not necessary to move the
selector lever to Neutral. Simply apply the
brakes. To start again release the brake and
accelerate.
Parking
When parking your car, apply the parking
brake first, and then move the selector lever to position P. To do this, depress the button and
push the lever through R to P. The
transmission is then mechanically locked.
Park may only be engaged when the car is
stationary.
Do not remove the key from the ignition
steering lock until you have parked the car, because removal of the key locks the
steering wheel.
Shift out of the Park position, before releasing
the parking brake.
When the car is parked on a steep hill, shifting
out of Park may be a little harder. This is due
to the weight the car exerts on the
transmission.

54

Brake Fluid Reservoir


The brake fluid reservoir is in the engine
compartment. The reservoir has two
chambers, the front chamber for one brake
circuit and the rear chamber for the second
brake circuit and the hydraulic clutch.
The fluid level should be checked regularly. If
the level drops below the "min" mark on the
transparent reservoir, the cause should be
located and corrected by your dealer.
To add brake fluid , unscrew the cap. The
vent bore in the cap should be kept clean and
open.


944 / 944 S WARNING

Every 2 years the brake fluid has to be replaced. See your Warranty &
Maintenance booklet.
If brake fluid must be added to the reservoir, use only new and unused DOT
3 or DOT 4 brake fluid, that meets SAE
specification J1703 and conforms to
Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 116.
Do not use any other brake fluid or brake fluids that have absorbed moisture from
the open air, or brake fluid that is dirty. It
may cause premature wear or unreliable
braking action.


Do not add or mix DOT 5 silicone type brake fluid with the brake fluid in your
vehicle as severe component corrosion
may result. Such corrosion could lead to
brake system failure.
The brake warning light does not indicate brake fluid level. Check fluid level
between regular maintenance services.
Brake fluid is poisonous. Brake fluid is also harmful to the paint of your vehicle.
Checking Brake Pads
Brake pad wear will mainly depend upon the
degree of usage, and the type of driving you
do.
Thickness of the pads should be checked
during regular maintenance or whenever the
wheels are taken off (visual check). The brake pads must be thick enough between the brake pad plate and the cross spring to allow a
reserve for further wear (see illustration).
79

944 Turbo

944

944 Turbo
The permissible wear limit has been reached
once the brake pad plate comes to rest
against the cross spring (brake pad thickness
approx. 0.08 in or 2 mm).
We also suggest that the condition of the
brake pads be checked prior to going on long
trips. Air Filter
A dirty air cleaner not only reduces engine performance, but can lead to premature
engine wear. If driving is mostly done in areas
where the air is very dusty, the air cleaner must be checked and cleaned frequently,
perhaps daily.
The paper filter element must never be
cleaned or soaked with gasoline, cleaning
solvents or oil.
To clean or replace
the filter element
944 / 944 Turbo

1. Loosen hose clamp at filter housing cover (arrow) and pull off hose.
2.
Loosen mounting screws with screw driver
and lift up filter housing cover. On the 944
Turbo, also remove the air intake funnel.
3.
Remove filter element and clean inside of
housing with a slightly oiled, lint-free cloth.
4.
Replace filter element or shake out dirt to
clean.
80