tire pressure RAM PROMASTER CITY 2021 Owners Manual

3
INSTRUMENT CLUSTER DISPLAY ......................44 Location And Controls ................................. 45
Change Engine Oil — If Equipped................ 46
Instrument Cluster Display Menu Items..... 46
TRIP COMPUTER ...................................................47
Trip Button.................................................... 48
Trip Functions ............................................. 48
Values Displayed ......................................... 49
WARNING LIGHTS AND MESSAGES ..................49
Red Warning Lights...................................... 49
Yellow Warning Lights ................................. 52
Green Indicator Lights ................................. 55
Blue Indicator Lights .................................... 56
ONBOARD DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM — OBD II .......56
Onboard Diagnostic System (OBD II)
Cybersecurity................................................ 56
EMISSIONS INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
PROGRAMS ...........................................................57
STARTING AND OPERATING
STARTING THE ENGINE .......................................58
Automatic Transmission .............................. 58
Normal Starting ............................................ 58
Cold Weather Operation ............................. 58
Extended Park Starting................................ 58
If Engine Fails To Start ................................ 59
After Starting ................................................ 59
ENGINE BLOCK HEATER — IF EQUIPPED ...........59
ENGINE BREAK-IN RECOMMENDATIONS .........60
PARKING BRAKE .................................................60 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION ............................. 62
Key Ignition Park Interlock .......................... 62
Brake/Transmission Shift Interlock (BTSI)
System ......................................................... 63 Nine-Speed Automatic Transmission ........ 63
POWER STEERING .............................................. 67
Power Steering Fluid Check ....................... 68
CRUISE CONTROL — IF EQUIPPED ..................... 68
To Activate.................................................... 69
To Set A Desired Speed............................... 69
To Vary The Speed Setting .......................... 69
To Accelerate For Passing ........................... 69
To Resume Speed ....................................... 70
To Deactivate .............................................. 70
PARKSENSE REAR PARK ASSIST —
IF EQUIPPED ......................................................... 70
ParkSense Rear Park Assist Sensors ......... 70
ParkSense Rear Park Assist Alerts ............. 71
ParkSense Rear Park Assist Failure
Indications.................................................... 72 Cleaning The ParkSense Rear Park Assist
System .......................................................... 72 ParkSense Rear Park Assist System Usage
Precautions .................................................. 72
PARKVIEW REAR BACK UP CAMERA ............... 73
REFUELING THE VEHICLE ................................... 74 VEHICLE LOADING ................................................75
Vehicle Certification Label .......................... 75
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) ......... 76
Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) ............. 76
Tire Size ........................................................ 76
Rim Size ....................................................... 76
Inflation Pressure ........................................ 76
Curb Weight ................................................. 76
Overloading .................................................. 76
Loading......................................................... 76
TRAILER TOWING .................................................77
Common Towing Definitions ....................... 77
Trailer Hitch Classification .......................... 78
Trailer Towing Weights (Maximum Trailer
Weight Ratings) ........................................... 79 Trailer And Tongue Weight ......................... 79
Towing Requirements ................................ 79
Towing Tips ................................................. 82
RECREATIONAL TOWING (BEHIND
MOTORHOME) ......................................................83
Towing This Vehicle Behind Another
Vehicle .......................................................... 83 Recreational Towing — Automatic
Transmission................................................ 83
DRIVING TIPS ........................................................84
Driving On Slippery Surfaces ..................... 84
Driving Through Water ............................... 84

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4
MULTIMEDIA
UCONNECT SYSTEMS ..........................................86
CYBERSECURITY ..................................................86
UCONNECT SETTINGS .........................................87 Uconnect 3/3 NAV Settings ........................ 87
UCONNECT INTRODUCTION.................................97
Identifying Your Radio ................................. 97
Safety And General Information ................. 99
UCONNECT MODES ........................................... 100
Radio Mode ................................................100
Media Mode ...............................................107Phone Mode ..............................................109
NAVIGATION MODE — IF EQUIPPED ................ 121
Operating Navigation Mode —
If Equipped .................................................121
STEERING WHEEL AUDIO CONTROLS — IF
EQUIPPED ........................................................... 142
Radio Operation .........................................142
Media Mode ...............................................142
RAM TELEMATICS - IF EQUIPPED .................... 142
Ram Telematics General Information ......143
RADIO OPERATION AND MOBILE PHONES.... 143
Regulatory And Safety Information........... 144
SAFETY
SAFETY FEATURES ............................................ 145 Four-Wheel Anti-Lock Brake
System (ABS) ..............................................145 Electronic Brake Control (EBC) System ...146 AUXILIARY DRIVING SYSTEMS.........................149
Tire Pressure Monitoring
System (TPMS) ........................................... 149
OCCUPANT RESTRAINT SYSTEMS .................. 153
Occupant Restraint Systems .................... 153
Important Safety Precautions ................... 153
Seat Belt Systems ..................................... 154
Supplemental Restraint Systems (SRS)... 161
Child Restraints ......................................... 170
Transporting Pets ...................................... 184
SAFETY TIPS ....................................................... 185
Transporting Passengers .......................... 185Exhaust Gas .............................................. 185
Safety Checks You Should Make Inside
The Vehicle ................................................ 185 Periodic Safety Checks You Should Make
Outside The Vehicle ................................... 187
IN CASE OF EMERGENCY
HAZARD WARNING FLASHERS........................188
FUSES ..................................................................188
General Information .................................. 188Underhood Fuses ...................................... 189
Interior Fuses ............................................. 192
Central Unit Fuse Panel............................. 193 JACKING AND TIRE CHANGING ...................... 194
Jack Location — If Equipped ..................... 194
Removing The Spare Tire — If Equipped .. 194Preparations For Jacking ......................... 196
Jacking Instructions................................... 197
Vehicles With Alloy Wheels ....................... 200Vehicles Equipped With Wheel Covers .... 201
TIRE SERVICE KIT — IF EQUIPPED .................. 202
Tire Service Kit Storage............................. 202
Tire Service Kit Usage ............................... 202
JUMP STARTING ................................................ 204
Preparations For Jump Starting ................ 205
Jump Starting Procedure .......................... 206
IF YOUR ENGINE OVERHEATS ......................... 207
IGNITION KEY REMOVAL OVERRIDE ............... 208
GEAR SELECTOR OVERRIDE ............................ 209
FREEING A STUCK VEHICLE ............................ 209
TOWING A DISABLED VEHICLE ........................ 211
ENHANCED ACCIDENT RESPONSE SYSTEM
(EARS) ................................................................ 212
EVENT DATA RECORDER (EDR) ....................... 212
BULB REPLACEMENT ........................................ 213 Replacement Bulbs ................................... 213
Replacing Exterior Bulbs ........................... 214
Replacing Interior Bulbs ............................ 215

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5
SERVICING AND MAINTENANCE
SCHEDULED SERVICING .................................. 217Maintenance Plan......................................217
ENGINE COMPARTMENT .................................. 221
Engine Compartment — 2.4L ...................221Checking Oil Level......................................222
Adding Washer Fluid .................................222
Maintenance-Free Battery .......................222
Pressure Washing ......................................223
DEALER SERVICE .............................................. 223
Engine Oil ...................................................223
Engine Oil Filter ..........................................224Engine Air Cleaner Filter ............................224
Air Conditioner Maintenance ....................225
Body Lubrication ........................................225
Windshield Wiper Blades ..........................225
Exhaust System ........................................226
Cooling System ..........................................227Brake System ............................................230
Automatic Transmission ...........................231
Upfitter Connectors — If Equipped ............232
TIRES ................................................................... 234
Tire Safety Information .............................. 234
Tires — General Information .....................242Tire Types ...................................................246
Spare Tires — If Equipped .........................247
Wheel And Wheel Trim Care .....................248Tire Chains and Traction Devices ............249
Tire Rotation Recommendations ..............250 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION UNIFORM
TIRE QUALITY GRADES .....................................250
Treadwear .................................................. 250
Traction Grades ......................................... 251
Temperature Grades ................................. 251
STORING THE VEHICLE ......................................251
BODYWORK ........................................................ 252
Protection From Atmospheric Agents....... 252
Body And Underbody Maintenance .......... 252Preserving The Bodywork .......................... 252
INTERIORS ......................................................... 253
Seats And Fabric Parts .............................. 253
Plastic And Coated Parts ........................... 253
Leather Surfaces ....................................... 254Glass Surfaces .......................................... 254
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER.................255
BRAKE SYSTEM .................................................. 255
WHEEL AND TIRE TORQUE
SPECIFICATIONS ................................................ 255
Torque Specifications ................................ 255
FUEL REQUIREMENTS .......................................256
Gasoline Engine ......................................... 256
Reformulated Gasoline ............................. 256Gasoline/Oxygenate Blends .................... 257
E-85 Usage In Non-Flex Fuel Vehicles ...... 257
CNG And LP Fuel System Modifications... 257
MMT In Gasoline ........................................ 257
Materials Added To Fuel ........................... 257 Fuel System Cautions................................ 258
Carbon Monoxide Warnings ..................... 258
FLUID CAPACITIES ............................................. 259
ENGINE FLUIDS AND LUBRICANTS ................. 259
CHASSIS FLUIDS AND LUBRICANTS .............. 261
CUSTOMER ASSISTANCE
SUGGESTIONS FOR OBTAINING SERVICE FOR
YOUR VEHICLE .................................................. 262 Prepare For The Appointment .................. 262Prepare A List............................................. 262
Be Reasonable With Requests ................. 262
IF YOU NEED ASSISTANCE .............................. 262
FCA US LLC Customer Center ................... 262
FCA Canada Inc. Customer Center ........... 262
Mexico ........................................................ 263
Puerto Rico And US Virgin Islands ............ 263
Customer Assistance For The Hearing Or
Speech Impaired (TDD/TTY) ..................... 263 Service Contract ....................................... 263
WARRANTY INFORMATION .............................. 264
MOPAR PARTS................................................... 264
REPORTING SAFETY DEFECTS ........................ 264
In The 50 United States And
Washington, D.C. ....................................... 264 In Canada ................................................... 264
PUBLICATION ORDER FORMS ........................ 264
General Information.......................................... 265

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9
Yellow Warning Lights
Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) Warning Light Úpage 52
Low Fuel Warning Light Úpage 52
Generic Warning Light Úpage 52
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) Warning Light Ú page 53
Vehicle Security Warning Light Úpage 54
Engine Check/Malfunction Indicator Warning Light (MIL)
Ú page 54
Electronic Stability Control (ESC) Warning Light — If Equipped Ú page 55
Electronic Stability Control (ESC) OFF Warning Light — If Equipped Úpage 55
Green Indicator Lights
Turn Signal Indicator Lights
Úpage 55
Park/Headlight On Indicator Light Úpage 55
Front Fog Indicator Light — If Equipped Úpage 55
Cruise Control Indicator Light — If Equipped Úpage 55
Blue Indicator Lights
High Beam Indicator Light
Úpage 56
1

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GETTING TO KNOW YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL49
Values Displayed
Range
This indicates the distance which may be
traveled with the fuel remaining in the tank,
assuming that driving conditions will not
change. The message “----” will appear on the
display in the following cases:
Distance less than 30 miles (or 50 km).
The vehicle is parked for a long time with the
engine running.
NOTE:
The range depends on several factors: driving
style, type of route (freeway, residential, moun -
tain roads, etc.), conditions of use of the vehicle
(load, tire pressure, etc.). Trip planning must
take into account the above notes.
Travel Distance
This value shows the distance covered since the
last reset.
Average Fuel Consumption
This value shows the approximate average
consumption since the last reset.
Current Fuel Consumption
This indicates the fuel consumption. The value
is constantly updated. The message “----” will
appear on the display if the vehicle is parked
with the engine running.
Average Speed
This value shows the vehicle's average speed as
a function of the overall time elapsed since the
last reset.
Travel Time
This value shows the time elapsed since the last
reset.
WARNING LIGHTS AND MESSAGES
The warning/indicator lights will illuminate in
the instrument panel together with a dedicated
message and/or acoustic signal when
applicable. These indications are indicative and
precautionary and as such must not be
considered as exhaustive and/or alternative to
the information contained in the Owner’s
Manual, which you are advised to read carefully
in all cases. Always refer to the information in
this chapter in the event of a failure indication.
All active telltales will display first if applicable.
The system check menu may appear different based upon equipment options and current
vehicle status. Some telltales are optional and
may not appear.
Red Warning Lights
Air Bag Warning Light
This light will turn on for four to eight
seconds as a bulb check when the
ignition is placed in the ON/RUN or
MAR/ON/RUN position. If the light is
either not on during startup, stays on, or turns
on while driving, have the system inspected by
an authorized dealer as soon as possible. This
light will illuminate with a single chime when a
fault with the Air Bag Warning Light has been
detected, it will stay on until the fault is cleared.
If the light comes on intermittently or remains
on while driving, have an authorized dealer
service the vehicle immediately.
Brake Warning Light
This warning light monitors various
brake functions, including brake fluid
level and parking brake application. If
the brake light turns on it may
indicate that the parking brake is applied, that
the brake fluid level is low, or that there is a
problem with the Anti-Lock Brake System
reservoir.
3

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GETTING TO KNOW YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL53
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
Warning Light
The warning light switches on and a
message is displayed to indicate that
the tire pressure is lower than the
recommended value and/or that slow
pressure loss is occurring. In these cases,
optimal tire duration and fuel consumption may
not be guaranteed.
Should one or more tires be in the condition
mentioned above, the display will show the
indications corresponding to each tire.
Each tire, including the spare (if provided),
should be checked monthly when cold and
inflated to the inflation pressure recommended
by the vehicle manufacturer on the vehicle
placard or tire inflation pressure label. If your
vehicle has tires of a different size than the size indicated on the vehicle placard or tire inflation
pressure label, you should determine the
proper tire inflation pressure for those tires.
As an added safety feature, your vehicle has
been equipped with a TPMS that illuminates a
low tire pressure telltale when one or more of
your tires is significantly underinflated.
Accordingly, when the low tire pressure telltale
illuminates, you should stop and check your
tires as soon as possible, and inflate them to
the proper pressure. Driving on a significantly
underinflated tire causes the tire to overheat
and can lead to tire failure. Under-inflation also
reduces fuel efficiency and tire tread life, and
may affect the vehicle’s handling and stopping
ability.
Please note that the TPMS is not a substitute for
proper tire maintenance, and it is the driver’s
responsibility to maintain correct tire pressure,
even if under-inflation has not reached the level
to trigger illumination of the TPMS low tire
pressure telltale.
Your vehicle has also been equipped with a
TPMS malfunction indicator to indicate when
the system is not operating properly. The TPMS
malfunction indicator is combined with the low
tire pressure telltale. When the system detects
a malfunction, the telltale will flash for approximately one minute and then remain
continuously illuminated. This sequence will
continue upon subsequent vehicle start-ups as
long as the malfunction exists. When the
malfunction indicator is illuminated, the system
may not be able to detect or signal low tire
pressure as intended. TPMS malfunctions may
occur for a variety of reasons, including the
installation of replacement or alternate tires or
wheels on the vehicle that prevent the TPMS
from functioning properly. Always check the
TPMS malfunction telltale after replacing one or
more tires or wheels on your vehicle to ensure
that the replacement or alternate tires and
wheels allow the TPMS to continue to function
properly.
CAUTION!
Do not continue driving with one or more flat
tires as handling may be compromised. Stop
the vehicle, avoiding sharp braking and
steering. If a tire puncture occurs, repair
immediately using the dedicated tire repair
kit and contact an authorized dealer as soon
as possible.
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54GETTING TO KNOW YOUR INSTRUMENT PANEL
Vehicle Security Warning Light
This warning light will illuminate when
the vehicle security system has
detected an attempt to break into the
vehicle.
Engine Check/Malfunction Indicator Warning
Light (MIL)
The Engine Check/Malfunction
Indicator Light (MIL) is a part of an
Onboard Diagnostic System called
OBD II that monitors engine and
automatic transmission control systems. This
warning light will illuminate when the ignition is in
the ON/RUN position before engine start. After
placing the ignition to the ON/RUN position, if
there is a problem with the Sentry Key System,
the Vehicle Security Light will turn on. This
condition will result in the engine being shut off
after two seconds. If the bulb does not come on
when turning the ignition switch from OFF to ON/
RUN, have the condition checked promptly.
NOTE:
This warning light will illuminate when the
vehicle security system has detected an
attempt to break into the vehicle.
Certain conditions, such as a loose or missing
gas cap, poor quality fuel, etc., may illuminate the
light after engine start. The vehicle should be
serviced if the light stays on through several
typical driving styles. In most situations, the
vehicle will drive normally and will not require
towing. When the engine is running, the MIL may flash
to alert serious conditions that could lead to
immediate loss of power or severe catalytic
converter damage. The vehicle should be
serviced by an authorized dealer as soon as
possible if this occurs.
CAUTION!
The TPMS has been optimized for the original
equipment tires and wheels. TPMS pressures
and warning have been established for the
tire size equipped on your vehicle.
Undesirable system operation or sensor
damage may result when using replacement
equipment that is not of the same size, type,
and/or style. Aftermarket wheels can cause
sensor damage. Using aftermarket tire
sealants may cause the Tire Pressure
Monitoring System (TPMS) sensor to become
inoperable. After using an aftermarket tire
sealant it is recommended that you take your
vehicle to an authorized dealer to have your
sensor function checked.
WARNING!
A malfunctioning catalytic converter, as refer
-
enced above, can reach higher temperatures
than in normal operating conditions. This can
cause a fire if you drive slowly or park over
flammable substances such as dry plants,
wood, cardboard, etc. This could result in
death or serious injury to the driver, occu -
pants or others.
CAUTION!
Prolonged driving with the Malfunction
Indicator Light (MIL) on could cause damage
to the vehicle control system. It also could
affect fuel economy and driveability. If the
MIL is flashing, severe catalytic converter
damage and power loss will soon occur.
Immediate service is required.

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72STARTING AND OPERATING
(Continued)
ParkSense Rear Park Assist Failure
Indications
A malfunction of the ParkSense sensors or
system is indicated, during REVERSE gear
engagement, by the instrument panel warning
icon.The warning icon is illuminated and a
message is displayed on the
instrument cluster display (if
equipped) Ú page 49.
The sensors and wiring are tested continuously
when the ignition is in the MAR (ACC/ON/RUN)
position. Failures are indicated immediately if
they occur when the system is on.
Even if the system is able to identify that a
specific sensor is in failure condition, the
instrument cluster display shall indicate that
the ParkSense system is unavailable, without
reference to the sensor in failure condition. If
even a single sensor fails, the entire system will
be disabled. The system is turned off
automatically.
Cleaning The ParkSense Rear Park Assist
System
Clean the ParkSense sensors with water, car
wash soap and a soft cloth. Do not use rough or
hard cloths. In washing stations, clean sensors
quickly while keeping the vapor jet/high
pressure washing nozzles at least 4 inches
(10 cm) from the sensors. Do not scratch or
poke the sensors. Otherwise, you could damage
the sensors.
ParkSense Rear Park Assist System Usage
Precautions
NOTE:
Ensure that the outer surface and the under -
side of the rear fascia/bumper is clean and
clear of snow, ice, mud, dirt or other obstruc -
tion to keep the ParkSense Rear Park Assist
system operating properly.
Jackhammers, large trucks, and other vibra -
tions could affect the performance of the
ParkSense system.
Clean the ParkSense sensors regularly,
taking care not to scratch or damage them.
The sensors must not be covered with ice,
snow, slush, mud, dirt or debris. Failure to do so can result in the system not working prop
-
erly. The ParkSense system might not detect
an obstacle behind the fascia/bumper, or it
could provide a false indication that an
obstacle is behind the fascia/bumper.
Objects such as bicycle carriers, etc., must
not be placed within 12 inches (30 cm) from
the rear fascia/bumper while driving the
vehicle. Failure to do so can result in the
system misinterpreting a close object as a
sensor problem, causing a failure indication
to be displayed in the instrument cluster
display.
WARNING!
Drivers must be careful when backing up
even when using ParkSense. Always check
carefully behind your vehicle, look behind
you, and be sure to check for pedestrians,
animals, other vehicles, obstructions, and
blind spots before backing up. You are
responsible for safety and must continue to
pay attention to your surroundings. Failure
to do so can result in serious injury or
death.

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76STARTING AND OPERATING
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)
The GVWR is the total allowable weight of your
vehicle. This includes driver, passengers, and
cargo. The total load must be limited so that you
do not exceed the GVWR.
Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR)
The GAWR is the maximum capacity of the front
and rear axles. Distribute the load over the front
and rear axles evenly. Make sure that you do
not exceed either front or rear GAWR.
Tire Size
The tire size on the Vehicle Certification Label
represents the actual tire size on your vehicle.
Replacement tires must be equal to the load
capacity of this tire size.
Rim Size
This is the rim size that is appropriate for the tire
size listed.
Inflation Pressure
This is the cold tire inflation pressure for your
vehicle for all loading conditions up to full GAWR.
Curb Weight
The curb weight of a vehicle is defined as the
total weight of the vehicle with all fluids,
including vehicle fuel, at full capacity
conditions, and with no occupants or cargo
loaded into the vehicle. The front and rear curb
weight values are determined by weighing your
vehicle on a commercial scale before any
occupants or cargo are added.
Overloading
The load carrying components (axle, springs,
tires, wheels, etc.) of your vehicle will provide
satisfactory service as long as you do not
exceed the GVWR and the front and rear GAWR.
The best way to figure out the total weight of
your vehicle is to weigh it when it is fully loaded
and ready for operation. Weigh it on a
commercial scale to ensure that it is not over
the GVWR. Figure out the weight on the front and rear of
the vehicle separately. It is important that you
distribute the load evenly over the front and rear
axles.
Overloading can cause potential safety hazards
and shorten useful service life. Heavier axles or
suspension components do not necessarily
increase the vehicle's GVWR.
Loading
To load your vehicle properly, first figure out its
empty weight, axle-by-axle and side-by-side.
Store heavier items down low and be sure you
distribute their weight as evenly as possible.
Stow all loose items securely before driving. If
weighing the loaded vehicle shows that you
have exceeded either GAWR, but the total load
is within the specified GVWR, you must
redistribute the weight. Improper weight
distribution can have an adverse effect on the
way your vehicle steers and handles and the
way the brakes operate.
NOTE:
Refer to the “Vehicle Certification Label” affixed
to the B-Pillar or the rear of the driver's door for
your vehicle's GVWR and GAWRs.
WARNING!
Because the front wheels steer the vehicle, it
is important that you do not exceed the
maximum front or rear GAWR. A dangerous
driving condition can result if either rating is
exceeded. You could lose control of the
vehicle and have a collision.

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80STARTING AND OPERATING
(Continued)
Towing Requirements — Tires
Do not attempt to tow a trailer while using a
compact spare tire.
Do not drive more than 50 mph (80 km/h) when towing while using a full size spare tire.
Proper tire inflation pressures are essential
to the safe and satisfactory operation of your
vehicle.
Check the trailer tires for proper tire inflation
pressures before trailer usage.
Check for signs of tire wear or visible tire
damage before towing a trailer.
When replacing tires with a higher load
carrying capacity they will not increase the
vehicle's GVWR and GAWR limits.
For further information Ú page 234.
WARNING!
Make certain that the load is secured in the
trailer and will not shift during travel. When
trailering cargo that is not fully secured,
dynamic load shifts can occur that may be
difficult for the driver to control. You could
lose control of your vehicle and have a colli -
sion.
When hauling cargo or towing a trailer, do
not overload your vehicle or trailer. Over -
loading can cause a loss of control, poor
performance or damage to brakes, axle,
engine, transmission, steering, suspension,
chassis structure or tires.
Safety chains must always be used
between your vehicle and trailer. Always
connect the chains to the hook retainers of
the vehicle hitch. Cross the chains under
the trailer tongue and allow enough slack
for turning corners.
Vehicles with trailers should not be parked
on a grade. When parking, apply the
parking brake on the tow vehicle. Put the
tow vehicle transmission in PARK. For
four-wheel drive vehicles, make sure the
transfer case is not in NEUTRAL. Always,
block or "chock" the trailer wheels.
GCWR must not be exceeded.
Total weight must be distributed between
the tow vehicle and the trailer such that the
following four ratings are not exceeded :
GVWR
GTW
GAWR
Tongue weight rating for the trailer
hitch utilized.
WARNING! (Continued)

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