steering wheel SSANGYONG KORANDO 1997 Service User Guide

SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS 2A-5
SSANGYONG MY2002
Action Checks
Replace the dampeners.
Maintain the proper load weight.
Replace the spring. Inspect for worn dampeners.
Check for an overloaded vehicle.
Inspect for a broken or a sagging spring.Tighten the stabilizer link.
Maintain the proper load weight.
Replace the spring. Inspect for a loose stabilizer link.
Check for an overloaded vehicle.
Inspect for a broken or a sagging spring.Action ChecksAction Checks
Replace the dampeners.
Replace the spring. Inspect for incorrect dampeners.
Inspect for an incorrect spring. Inspect for worn dampeners.
Inspect for a broken or a sagging spring.Replace the dampeners.
Replace the spring.Action ChecksReplace the spring.
Maintain the proper load weight.
Replace the spring. Inspect for a broken or a sagging spring.
Check for an overloaded vehicle.
Inspect for an incorrect or weak spring.Action Checks Inspect for worn or loose front wheel bearings.
Inspect for a broken or a sagging spring.
Inspect for a leaking wheel cylinder or caliper.
Inspect for warped rotors.
Inspect for an incorrect or an uneven caster.Replace the front wheel bearings.
Replace the spring.
Replace the wheel cylinder or the caliper.
Replace the rotors.
If the caster is beyond specifications, check the frame
and repair it, as needed.Action Checks
Low or Uneven Trim Height
Ride Too Soft
Ride Too Harsh
Body Leans or Sways in Corners
Suspension Bottoms
Erratic Steering when Braking

SSANGYONG MY2002
2A-6 SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS
Check the front-wheel and the rear-wheel alignment.
Inspect for worn dampeners.
Inspect for worn or loose wheel bearings.
Inspect for excessive tire or wheel runout.
Inspect for a worn ball joint.
Check the steering gear preload adjustment.Align the front and the rear wheels.
Replace the dampeners.
Replace the wheel bearings.
Match-mount the tires. Replace the tires, as needed.
Replace the wheels, as needed.
Replace the ball joint.
Perform a rack bearing preload adjustment.Action ChecksReplace the seals and the hoses, as needed.
Clean the pinion valve assembly. Replace the pinion
valve assembly, as needed.
Adjust the power steering pump serpentine belt. Check the hydraulic system. Test the power steering
system pressure with a gauge.
Inspect for a sluggish steering gear valve.
Inspect for a loose power steering pump serpentine
belt.Action ChecksAction Checks
Purge the power steering system of air.
Tighten the steering gear mounting bracket nuts and
the bolts.
Tighten the intermediate shaft pinch bolts. Replace the
intermediate shaft, as needed.
Tighten the tie rod ends. Replace the outer tie rods, as
needed.
Replace the front wheel bearings. Inspect for air in the power steering system.
Inspect for a loose steering gear mounting.
Inspect the joint from the column to the steering gear
for loose connections or wear.
Inspect for loose tie rod ends.
Inspect for loose or worn front wheel bearings.
Steering Wheel Surges or Jerks
Cupped Tires
Steering Wheel Kickback

SSANGYONG MY2002
2B-2 WHEEL ALIGNMENT
FOUR WHEEL ALIGNMENT
The first responsibility of engineering is to design safe
steering and suspension systems. Each component
must be strong enough to withstand and absorb extreme
punishment. Both the steering system and the front
and the rear suspension must function geometrically
with the body mass.
The steering and the suspension systems require that
the front wheels self-return and that the tire rolling effor t
and the road friction be held to a negligible force in
order to allow the customer to direct the vehicle with
the least effort and the most comfort.
A complete wheel alignment check should include mea-
surements of the rear toe and camber.
Four-wheel alignment assures that all four wheels will
be running in precisely the same direction.
When the vehicle is geometrically aligned, fuel economy
and tire life are at their peak, and steering and perfor
mance are maximized.
TOE-IN
Toe-in is the turning in of the tires, while toe-out is the
turning out of the tires from the geometric centerline or
thrust line. The toe ensures parallel rolling of the wheels.
The toe serves to offset the small deflections of the
wheel support system which occur when the vehicle is
rolling forward. The specified toe angle is the setting
which achieves 0 degrees of toe when the vehicle is
moving.
Incorrect toe-in or toe-out will cause tire wear and re
duced fuel economy. As the individual steering and
sus-pension components wear from vehicle mileage,
additional toe will be needed to compensate for the
wear.
Always correct the toe dimension last.
CASTER
Caster is the tilting of the uppermost point of the steering
axis either forward or backward from the vertical when
viewed from the side of the vehicle. A backward tilt is
positive, and a forward tilt is negative. Caster influences
directional control of the steering but does not affect
tire wear. Weak springs or overloading a vehicle will
affect caster. One wheel with more positive caster will
pull toward the center of the car. This condition will
cause the car to move or lean toward the side with the
least amount of positive caster. Caster is measured in
degrees.
CAMBER
Camber is the tilting of the top of the tire from the
vertical when viewed from the front of the vehicle. When
the tires tilt outward, the camber is positive. When the
tires tilt inward, the camber is negative. The camber
angle is measured in degrees from the vertical. Camber
in-fluences both directional control and tire wear.
If the vehicle has too much positive camber, the outside
shoulder of the tire will wear. If the vehicle has too
much negative camber, the inside shoulder of the tire
will wear.
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

SSANGYONG MY2002
2B-4 WHEEL ALIGNMENT
KAA2B030
RADIAL TIRE LEAD/PULL
Lead/pull is the deviation of the vehicle from a straight
path on a level road with no pressure on the steering
wheel. Lead is usually caused by:
Incorrect alignment.
Uneven brake adjustment.
Tire construction.
The way in which a tire is built can produce lead/pull in
the vehicle. Off-center belts on radial tires can cause
the tire to develop a side force while the vehicle rolls
straight down the road. If one side of the tire has even
a little larger diameter than the diameter of the other
side, the tire will tend to roll to one side. Unequal
diameters will cause the tire to develop a side force
which can produce vehicle lead/pull.
The radial lead/pull diagnosis chart should be used to
determine whether the problem originates from an align-
ment problem or from the tires. Part of the lead diagno-
sis procedure calls for tire rotation that is different from
the proper tire rotation pattern. If a medium-to high-
mileage tire is moved to the other side of the vehicle,
be sure to check for ride roughness. Rear tires will not
cause lead/pull.

WHEEL ALIGNMENT 2B-7
SSANGYONG MY2002
VEHICLE HEIGHT
Adjustment Procedure
1. Check the tire for proper inflation.
2. Measure ‘A’ from the center of the lower arm
rear mounting bolt end to the ground.
KAA2B050
3. Measure ‘B’ from the center of the steering
knuckle shaft to the ground.
KAA2B060
4. If the difference between ‘A’ and ‘B’ is not
within specification, adjust vehicle height using
torsion bar height control bolt.
Adjustment Notice
Specification31 - 36 mm
(1.22 - 1.42 inch)B - A
Notice: Before wheel alignment, adjust vehicle
height adjustment first.
KAA2B070
FRONT TOE-IN ADJUSTMENT
Adjustment Procedure
1. Disconnect the outer tie rods from the knuckle as-
semblies. Refer to Section 6C, Power Steering
Gear.
2. Loosen the front toe adjusting nut.
Notice: In this adjustment, the right and the left tie
rods must be equal in length, or the tires will wear
unevenly.
3. Turn the right and the left outer tie rods to align the
toe to the proper specifications. Refer to “Wheel
Alignment Specifications” in this section.
KAA2B080
4. Hold the outer tie rod and tighten the front toe adjust-
ing nut.
Adjustment Notice
Tightening Torque 73 Nm (54 lb-ft)
5. Reconnect the outer tie rods to the knuckle assem-
blies. Refer to Section 6C, Power Steering Gear.

SSANGYONG MY2002
2E-4 TIRE AND WHEELS
TIRE LABEL
The tire label is permanently located on the rear face
of the driver’s door and should be referred to for tire
information. It lists the maximum vehicle load, the tire
size (including the spare tire), and the cold inflation
pressure (including the spare tire).
S PARE TIRE
This vehicle comes equipped with a full-sized spare
tire and wheel.
The temporary spare tire is designed for emergency
use only. The original tire should be repaired or replaced
at the first opportunity and reinstall.
WHEELS
Wheels must be replaced if they are bent, dented, have
excessive lateral or radial runout, leak air through
welds, have elongated bolt holes, or if the wheel bolts
won’t stay tight or are heavily rusted. Wheels with
excessive runout may cause vehicle vibration.
Replacement wheels must be equivalent to the original
equipment wheels in load capacity, diameter, rim width,
offset, and mounting configuration. A wheel of improper
size or type may affect wheel and bearing life, brake
cooling, speedometer/odometer calibration, vehicle
ground clearance, and tire clearance to the body and
the chassis. The wheel offset is 49 ± 1 (1.93 ± 0.04
inches). Steel wheels may be identified by a two- or
three-letter code stamped into the rim near the valve
stem. Alloy wheels should have the code, the part
number, and the manufacturer ID cast into the back
side.
INFLATION OF TIRES
The pressure recommended for any vehicle line is care-
fully calculated to give a satisfactory ride, handling,
tread life, and load-carrying capacity.
Tire pressure should be checked monthly or before any
extended trip. Check the tires when they are cold, after
the vehicle has sat for 3 hours or more or has been
driven less than 1 mile. Set the tire pressure to the
specifications on the tire label located on the rear face
of the drive r ’s door. Tire inflation pressure is also given
under “Tire Size and Pressure Specifications” in
this section.
Valve caps or extensions should be on the valves to
keep dust and water out.
For sustained driving at speeds up to 140 km/h (85 mph),
inflate the tires to the pressure recommended on the
tire. Sustained driving at speeds faster than 140 km/h
(85 mph), even if permitted by law, is not advised unless
the vehicle has special high-speed tires available from
many tire dealers. Tire pressures may increase as much
as 41 kPa (6 psi) when the tires are hot.
Higher than recommended tire pressure can cause
Hard ride.
Tire bruising or damage.
Rapid tread wear at the center of the tire.
Lower than recommended pressure can cause
Tire squeal on turns.
Hard steering.
Rapid and uneven wear on the edges of the tread.
Tire rim bruises and rupture.
Tire cord breakage.
High tire temperatures.
Unequal tire pressures on same axle can cause
Uneven braking.
Steering lead.
Reduced handling.
Swerve on acceleration.
Torque steer.

SSAMGYONG MY2002
3A-2 FRONT AXLE
M/T
A/T
M/T
A/T
M/T
A/T
M/T
A/T
SPECIFICATIONS
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Application
Drive Shaft Type
Axle Housing Type
Differential Type
Differential GearCV Joint
Build - up
Conventional
Hypoid Gear
4.56
5.38
4.27
4.89
4.55
5.86
3.73
4.89
1.3 L
SEA 80W/90, API GL - 5Description
661LA
662LA
E23
E32 Reduction Ratio
Oil Capacity
Oil Specification
FASTENER TIGHTENING SPECIFICATIONS
Steering Knuckle and Drive Shaft
36.8 - 44.2
18.4 - 25.8
51.6 - 66.3
11.0
-
62.7 - 77.4 Drive Shaft Cover Bolt
Drive Shaft to Front Axle Inner Shaft
Hub Flange Bolt
Hub Nut
Locking Hub Washer Screw
Wheel Speed SensorN
z zz z
zm ApplicationLb-InLb-Ft
50 - 60
25 - 35
70 - 90
15
2 - 4
85 - 105-
-
-
-
17.7 - 35.4
-

SSAMGYONG MY2002
3A-8 FRONT AXLE
Removal & Installation Procedure
1. Remove the tire.
Installation Notice
2. Remove the autolocking hub vacuum hose.
3. With ABS
Remove the wheel speed sensor from the steering
knuckle.
Installation Notice
4. Remove the mounting bolts and pull off the caliper
assembly.
Installation Notice
Notice: Be careful not to damage the brake hose.
KAA3A070
KAA3A080
KAA3A090
KAA3A100
Tightening
Torque80 - 120 Nm
(59 - 89 lb-ft)
110 - 130 Nm
(81 - 96 lb-ft)Steel Wheel
Aluminum
Wheel
Tightening Torque6 - 8 Nm
(53 - 71 lb-in)
Tightening
Torque25 - 35 Nm
(18 - 26 lb-ft)
85 - 105 Nm
(63 - 77 lb-ft)Hose Bolt
Mounting
Bolt

ABS AND TCS 4F-101
SSANGYONG MY2002
FRONT WHEEL SPEED SENSOR
Removal and Installation Procedure
1. Disconnect the negative battery cable.
2. Disconnect the front wheel speed sensor electrical
connector.
3. Raise and suitably support the vehicle.
4. Turn the steering wheel to expose the front wheel
speed sensor. It is located at the rear of the steering
knuckle near tie rod end.
5. Remove the bolt and the front wheel speed sensor
from the steering knuckle.
Installation Notice
KAA4F370
KAA4F380
Tightening Torque 7 Nm (62 lb-in)
6. Installation should follow the removal procedure in
the reverse order.
REAR WHEEL SPEED SENSOR
Removal and Installation Procedure
1. Disconnect the negative battery cable.
2. Disconnect the rear wheel speed sensor electrical
connector. It is located under the rear seat.
3. Raise and suitably support the vehicle.
4. Remove the rear wheel speed sensor.
Installation Notice
KAA4F390
KAA4F400
Tightening Torque 7 Nm (62 lb-in)
5. Installation should follow the removal procedure
in the reverse order.

SSANGYONG MY2002
6A-2 POWER STEERING SYSTEM
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The power steering system consists of three compo
nents: the power steering pump, the power steering
fluid reservoir and the power steering rack and pinion
gear.
The power steering pump is a vane-type pump providing
hydraulic pressure for the system and is powered by
the engine. It draws on the power steering fluid
reservoir, which in turn is connected to the power
steering gear.A pressure-relief valve inside the flow control valve
limits the pump pressure. The power steering rack and
pinion gear has a rotary control valve, which directs
hydraulic fluid coming from the power steering pump
to one side or the other side of the rack piston. The
integral rack piston is attached to the rack. The rack
piston converts hydraulic pressure to a linear force,
which moves the rack to the left or the right. The force
is then transmitted through the inner and the outer tie
rods to the steering knuckles, which turn the wheels.