steering SSANGYONG NEW ACTYON SPORTS 2012 Owner's Manual

11-8
ESP OFF switch
Located on the left side of
instrument panel.
Rear wheel speed sensor
Located on the both ends of
rear axle.Front wheel speed sensor
Located on the hub
assembly.Sensor cluster
Located at the bottom of
center fascia panel.
Steering wheel angle sensor
Located on column shaft with
contact coil.HECU assembly
Located near the brake
booster in engine
compartment and contains
the pressure sensor.
2. COMPONENTS

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2) Operation of ESP System
The ESP (Electronic Stability Program) has been developed to help a driver avoid danger of losing
control of the vehicle stability due to understeer or oversteer during cornering. The yaw rate
sensor, lateral sensor and longitudinal sensor in the sensor cluster and the steering wheel angle
sensor under the steering column detect the vehicle conditions when the inner or outer wheels are
spinning during oversteer, understeer or cornering. The ESP ECU controls against oversteer or
understeer during cornering by controlling the vehicle stability using input values from these
sensors and applying the braking force to the corresponding wheels independently. The system
also controls the engine power right before the wheel spin synchronized with the ASR function to
decelerate the vehicle automatically in order to maintain the vehicle stable during cornering.
(1) Under steering
What is understeering? ▶
Understeer is a term for a condition in which the steering wheel is steered to a certain angle during
driving and the front tires slip toward the reverse direction of the desired direction. Generally,
vehicles are designed to have understeer. It is because that the vehicle can return back to inside of
cornering line when the steering wheel is steered toward the inside even when the front wheels are
slipped outward.
As the centrifugal force increases, the tires can easily lose the traction and the vehicle tends to slip
outward when the curve angle gets bigger and the speed increases.

11-14
ESP controls during understeer ▶
The ESP system recognizes the directional angle with the steering wheel angle sensor and senses
the slipping route that occurs reversely against the vehicle cornering direction during understeer
with the yaw rate sensor and lateral sensor. Then, the ESP system applies the braking force to the
rear inner wheel to compensate the yaw moment value. In this way, the vehicle does not lose its
driving direction and the driver can steer the vehicle as intended.
(2) Over steering
What is oversteering? ▶
Oversteer is a term of a condition in which the steering wheel is steered to a certain angle during
driving and the rear tires slip outward losing traction.
Compared to understeering vehicles, it is hard to control the vehicle during cornering and the
vehicle can spin due to rear wheel moment when the rear tires lose traction and the vehicle speed
increases.
ESP controls during oversteer ▶
The ESP system recognizes the directional angle with the steering wheel angle sensor and
senses the slipping route that occurs towards the vehicle cornering direction during oversteer
with the yaw rate sensor and lateral sensor. Then the ESP system applies the braking force to the
front outer wheel to compensate the yaw moment value. In this way, the vehicle does not lose its
driving direction and the driver can steer the vehicle as intended.

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5) ARP (Active Roll-Over Protection
The ARP (Active Roll-over Protection) system is a safety assistant device that minimizes, by
controlling brakes and the engine, the physical tendency of the vehicle rollover during sharp lane
changes or U-turns. For the system, software is added to the existing ESP system and no
additional device or switch is needed. One must note that the ARP system, just as general
assistant devices including the ABS, is only a safety assistant device using the ESP system and its
function is useless when the situation overcomes the physical power. Following picture shows
how the ARP compensates the vehicle position by varying each wheel's braking power to
overcome the physical tendency of the vehicle rollover during sharp turns.
Lateral sensor
(In sensor cluster)
Vehicle speedBrake force
Radius
The vehicle driving condition is controlled by the internally programmed logic according to the
input signals from wheel speed sensor, steering angle sensor and lateral sensor.
During the ARP operation, vehicle safety (rollover prevention) takes the first priority and thus,
stronger engine control is in effect. Consequently, the vehicle speed decreases rapidly, so the
driver must take caution for the vehicle may drift away from the lane.

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1. SPECIFICATIONS
Description Specification
Steering wheel Type 4-spoke type
Gear box Type Rack and pinion type
Gear ratio 40.245
Steering angle Inner37.59˚
Outer33.48˚
Oil pump Type Vane type
Maximum pressure (kgf/cm2)90 ± 3
Pulley size (mm)Ø115
Operating temperature-40℃~150℃
Minimum turning radius (m) 5.95
Steering oil Type ATF Dexron II or III
TOTAL FLUIDE DA
(Extreme cold condition only)
Capacity (L) Approx. 1.0
Service interval Daily check and add if necessary.

12-4
2. SYSTEM LAYOUT
1) Steering Wheel and Column
Body assembly - steering wheel
Damper - steering wheel
Screw
Lid
Bolt
Column & shaft assembly - tilt
Shaft assembly - lower
Nut (39.2~58.5 Nm) 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.Washer
Bolt (19.6~24.5 Nm)
Bolt (19.6~24.5 Nm)
Nut
Bolt - joint (17.6~24.5 Nm)
Washer
Blanking cover - cruise switch 9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

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2) Steering Gear Linkage
Linkage assembly - gear & operation
ball joint
Bolt (100~130 Nm)
Nut (100~130 Nm)
Bolt (100~130 Nm)
Nut (100~130 Nm)
Bolt (100~130 Nm) 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.Pin
Nut
End assembly - tie rod
Boot kit - power steering gear box
Clamp - mounting
Rubber - mounting 7.
8.
9.
10.
14.
15.

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3. TROUBLESHOOTING
Problem Possible Cause Action
Movements of steering
feels heavyUnregular wear or binding of steering ball joint
due to lack of lubrication or foreign material
insertionLubricate or replace
Damaged or defective steering gear Replace the steering
gear assembly
Incorrect steering pinion preload Adjust
Defective steering shaft joint Replace
leakage of steering fluid Repair or replace
Insuffcient steering fluid or air insertion Fill up fluid or bleed air
Defective steering oil pump Replace
Damaged or loosened pump drive belt Adjust or replace
Clogging of fluid line Repair or replace
Damaged wheel or tire Repair or replace
Defective suspension Repair or replace
Steering wheel pulls to
one sideDamaged steering linkage Replace
Damaged wheel or tire Repair or replace
Defective suspension Repair or replace
Defective brake system Repair or replace
Excessive free play of
steering wheelWorn steering gear Replace the steering
gear assembly
Worn or damaged steering ball joint Replace
Looseness of steering gear box Retighten
Poor returning of
steering wheelBroken or binding of steering ball joint Replace
Improper correct steering pinion preload Replace the steering
gear assembly
Damaged wheel or tire Repair or replace
Defective suspension Repair or replace

12-8
Problem Possible Cause Action
Excessive vibration of
steering wheel
(shimming)Broken steering linkage Replace
Looseness of steering gear box Retighten
Broken or binding of steering ball joint Replace
Worn or damaged front wheel bearing Replace
Damaged wheel or tire Repair or replace
Defective suspension Repair or replace
Abnormal noise from
steering systemLooseness of steering gear box Retighten
Defective steering gear Replace the gear
assembly
Interference between steering column and
partsRepair
Looseness of steering linkage Retighten
Loosened or damaged oil pump drive belt Adjust or replace
Looseness of oil pump bracket Replace
Looseness of oil pump Replace
Air insertion into system Bleed air
Defective oil pump Replace
Abnormal noise when
turning steering wheelLooseness of steering column Retighten
Worn or damaged steering shaft bearing Replace the steering
column
Looseness of intermediate shaft Retighten
Too heavy steering wheel Worn or damaged steering shaft bearing Replace the steering
column

12-10
The difference between both sides should
be within 0.6 kg.Park the vehicle on a paved and flat
ground and place the front wheels at
straight ahead direction.
Start the engine and let it run around 1,000
rpm.
Install the spring scale on the
circumference of the steering wheel and
measure the steering effort in both
directions. 1.
2.
3. Steering Effort Check ▶
Steering Angle Check ▶
Place the front wheel on a turning radius
measuring tool.
Turn the steering wheel to the its both
ends and measure the maximum steering
angle. 1.
2.
If the steering angle is out of the specified
value, check and adjust the toe-in.
Steering angleInner37.59˚
Outer33.48˚
Free Play Check ▶
Start the engine and place the wheels at
straight ahead direction.
Turn the steering wheel until the tires starts
to move and measure the distance on the
circumference of the steering wheel. 1.
2.
If the free play is out of the specified
value, check the free play in steering
column shaft connection and steering
linkage. Replace or repair if necessary.
Free play30 mm
Steering effort in
standstillbelow 3.0 kg