steering SSANGYONG TURISMO 2013 Workshop Manual

12-8
When the vehicle is driven on a road surface covered with water at high speed, tires do not contact
with the road surface but rotate floating on a thin film of water.
It causes brake failure, lower traction force and losing the steering performance.
To prevent this, increase the tire inflation pressure, use tires with leaf shape tread which is not worn.
However, it is a best measure to drive slowly.
2) Hydroplaning

12-10
4. WHEEL ALIGNMENT
▶Toe-in
▶Camber
In automotive engineering, toe, also known as
tracking, is the symmetric angle that each wheel
makes with the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, as
a function of static geometry, and kinematic and
compliant effects. This can be contrasted with
steer, which is the anti-symmetric angle, i.e. both
wheels point to the left or right, in parallel
(roughly). Positive toe, or toe in, is the front of the
wheel pointing in towards the center line of the
vehicle. Negative toe, or toe out, is the front of the
wheel pointing away from the center line of the
vehicle. Toe can be measured in linear units, at
the front of the tire, or as an angular deflection.
Camber is the angle made by the wheels of a
vehicle; specifically, it is the angle between the
vertical axis of the wheels used for steering and
the vertical axis of the vehicle when viewed from
the front or rear. It is used in the design of
steering and suspension. If the top of the wheel
is farther out than the bottom (that is, away from
the axle), it is called positive camber; if the
bottom of the wheel is farther out than the top, it
is called negative camber. Wheel alignment consists of adjusting the angles of the wheels so that they are parallel to each other
and perpendicular to the ground, thus maximizing tire life and ensures straight and true tracking along
a straight and level road.
Camber angle alters the handling qualities of a particular suspension design; in particular, negative
camber improves grip when cornering. This is because it places the tire at a better angle to the road,
transmitting the forces through the vertical plane of the tire rather than through a shear force across it.
Another reason for negative camber is that a rubber tire tends to roll on itself while cornering. Negative
camber can also be caused by excessive weight on the front wheels. This is commonly seen on
modified cars with larger engines than standard; the weight of the modified engine can make the
wheels negatively camber. The inside edge of the contact patch would begin to lift off of the ground if
the tire had zero camber, reducing the area of the contact patch. This effect is compensated for by
applying negative camber, maximizing the contact patch area. Note that this is only true for the outside
tire during the turn; the inside tire would benefit most from positive camber.

12-114170-01
▶Caster
Caster is the angle to which the steering pivot
axis is tilted forward or rearward from vertical, as
viewed from the side. If the pivot axis is tilted
backward (that is, the top pivot is positioned
farther rearward than the bottom pivot), then the
caster is positive; if it's tilted forward, then the
caster is negative.
Positive caster tends to straighten the wheel
when the vehicle is traveling forward, and thus
is used to enhance straight-line stability. The
mechanism that causes this tendency is clearly
illustrated by the castering front wheels of a
vehicle. The steering axis of a vehicle wheel is
set forward of where the wheel contacts the
ground. As the vehicle is driving forward, the
steering axis pulls the wheel along, and since
the wheel drags along the ground, it falls directly
in line behind the steering axis. The force that
causes the wheel to follow the steering axis is
proportional to the distance between the
steering axis and the wheel-to-ground contact
patch-the greater the distance, the greater the
force. This distance is referred to as "trail."

02-58810-03
When a severe frontal impact occurs, seat belt
pre-tensioners rewind the seat belts
immediately to restrain the occupants to their
seats. It helps the effective operation of the
seat belts and airbags.
2) Pre-tensioner
3) Warning for Air Bag
Do not diagnose the circuit with a circuit tester. Do not attempt to modify any air bag components
including the steering wheel, air bag mounting area, and harness.
Do not impact any air bag components including the steering wheel, air bag mounting area, and
harness by hand or tools. You may get injured by sudden deployment.
The air bag components will be very hot after deployment. Do not touch them.
Once the air bag system is triggered, the triggered air bag assembly should be removed from the
vehicle and replaced with new one.
The air bag contains explosive materials, so contact Ssangyong Dealer or Ssangyong Authorized
Service Operation when trashing or replacing it.
Incorrect air bag inspection can be dangerous and cause injuries. The air bag system must be
disposed only by Ssangyong Dealer or Ssangyong Authorized Service Operation.
Replace the steering wheel with only Ssangyong genuine part.
When the engine starts, the air bag warning lamp comes on for a system check. It goes out after 3
to 7 seconds when the system is normal. If this warning lamp stays ON, then the system may be
defective. Have the air bag system checked immediately by Ssangyong Dealer or Ssangyong
Authorized Service Operation.
The seat belt and air the bags are the most effective when you are sitting well back and upright in
the seat.
A child restraint system must not be placed on the front seat. The infant or child can be severely
injured by an air bag inflation in case of an accident.
Do not carry your child on your lap while driving. You cannot resist against the impact pressure in an
accident.
The child could be crushed between you and the parts of the vehicle.
Do not place any objects on the air bag inflation location. You may get injured by those objects
during deployment.
Do not attach any objects such as a sticker, scent bottle, or phone holder on the steering wheel pad
and to the dashboard. -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

02-6
Do not put the seat cover on the front seatbacks. It may interfere with the side air bag inflation.
When sitting in the rear seat, do not hold onto the seatback of the front seat. If the side air bag
inflates, the occupant may get seriously injured.
Do not lean on the door. When the side air bag inflates, the occupant may get seriously injured.
Do not place any objects such as an umbrella or a bag between the side air bag and the door. Do not
place the part of your body near the side air bag. You may obstruct the side air bag or get injured by
the inflation impact.
Do not slam the front doors. It may lead to an unintended inflation of the side air bag.
Do not move your seat too close to the steering wheel or dashboard. If you lower your head, the air
bag can hit your head during inflation and can cause severe injury or even death.
Hold only the outer rim of the steering so that the air bag can inflate without any hindrances.
Do not place your face or chest near the steering wheel and dashboard. Also, do not allow anyone to
place their hands, leg or face on the dashboard. The air bag cannot work properly.
Do not hold and operate the steering wheel by crossing your arms. You could get seriously injured
when the air bag deploys.
When the air bag inflates, it makes a loud noise and smoke. However, the smoke is a non-toxic
nitrogen gas.
When the air bag is deployed, non-toxic gas will come out. This gas may cause skin, eyes or nose
irritation.
Wash it out with cold and clean water and consult the doctor if irritation continues.
When any repairs are needed for the steering wheel, or when an accident occurred without the air
bag deployment, have the air bag system checked by Ssangyong Dealer or Ssangyong Authorized
Service Operation.
The windshield glass may be broken when the passenger's air bag is deployed.
The air bag deployment can cause abrasion on your hands and face. -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4) Major Replacement Parts after Air Bag Deployment
In Case Of Front Air Bag Deployment ▶
Instrument panel, deployed air bag module, air bag unit, seat belt pre-tensioner, wirings (including
connectors), damaged trim and components
In Case Of Curtain Air Bag Deployment ▶
Deployed side bag, air bag unit, side air bag sensor, wirings (including connectors), damaged trim and
seat components