heating SUZUKI SWIFT 2006 2.G Service Workshop Manual

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 0A-1 General Information:
General Information
General Information
General Description
AbbreviationsS7RS0B0101001
A:
ABDC: After Bottom Dead Center
ABS: Anti-lock Brake System
AC: Alternating Current
A/C: Air Conditioning
A-ELR: Automatic-Emergency Locking Retractor
A/F: Air Fuel Mixture Ratio
ALR: Automatic Locking Retractor
API: American Petroleum Institute
APP sensor: Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
A/T: Automatic Transmission , Automatic Transaxle
AT D C : After Top Dead Center
ATF: Automatic Transmission Fluid, Automatic
Transaxle Fluid
B:
B+: Battery Positive Voltage
BBDC: Before Bottom Dead Center
BCM: Body Electrical Control Module
BDC: Bottom Dead Center
BTDC: Before Top Dead Center
C:
CAN: Controller Area Network
CKT: Circuit
CKP Sensor: Crankshaft Position Sensor
CMP Sensor: Camshaft Position Sensor
CO: Carbon Monoxide
CPP Switch: Clutch Pedal Position Switch (Clutch
Switch, Clutch Start Switch)
CPU: Central Processing Unit
CRS: Child Restraint System
D:
DC: Direct Current
DLC: Data Link Connector (Assembly Line Diag. Link,
ALDL, Serial Data Link, SDL)
DOHC: Double Over Head Camshaft
DOJ: Double Offset Joint
DRL: Daytime Running Light
DTC: Diagnostic Trouble Code (Diagnostic Code)
E:
EBCM: Electronic Brake Cont rol Module, ABS Control
Module
EBD: Electronic Brake Force Distribution
ECM: Engine Control Module
ECT Sensor: Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor (Water Temp. Sensor, WTS)
EFE Heater: Early Fuel Evaporation Heater (Positive
Temperature Coefficient, PTC Heater)
EGR: Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGRT Sensor: EGR Temperature Sensor (Recirculated
Exhaust Gas Temp. Sensor, REGTS)
ELR: Emergency Locking Retractor
ESP ®: Electronic Stability Program
EPS: Electronic Power Steering
EVAP: Evaporative Emission EVAP Canister:
Evaporative Emission Canister
(Charcoal Canister)
F:
4WD: 4 Wheel
Drive
G:
GEN: Generator
GND: Ground
GPS: Global Positioning System
H:
HVAC: Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning
HC: Hydrocarbons
HO2S: Heated Oxygen Sensor
I:
IAC Valve: Idle Air Control Valve (Idle Speed Control
Solenoid Valve, ISC Solenoid Valve)
IAT Sensor: Intake Air Temperature Sensor (Air
temperature Sensor, ATS)
ICM: Immobilizer Control Module
IG: Ignition
ISC Actuator: Idle Speed Control Actuator
L:
LH: Left Hand
LHD: Left Hand Drive Vehicle
LSPV: Load Sensing Proportioning Valve
M:
MAF Sensor: Mass Air Flow Sensor (Air Flow Sensor, AFS, Air Flow Meter, AFM)
MAP Sensor: Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor
(Pressure Sensor, PS)
Max: Maximum
MFI: Multiport Fuel Injection (Mu ltipoint Fuel Injection)
Min: Minimum
MIL: Malfunction Indicator Lamp (“SERVICE ENGINE
SOON” Light)
M/T: Manual Transmission, Manual Transaxle
N:
NOx: Nitrogen Oxides
O:
OBD: On-Board Diagnostic System (Self-Diagnosis
Function)
O/D: Overdrive
OHC: Over Head Camshaft
O2S: Oxygen Sensor
P:
PCM: Powertrain Control Module
PCV: Positive Crankcase Ventilation
PNP: Park / Neutral Position
P/S: Power Steering
PSP Switch: Power Steering Pressure Switch (P/S
Pressure Switch)
R:
RH: Right Hand
RHD: Right Hand Drive Vehicle
S:
SAE: Society of Automotive Engineers

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 0B-6 Maintenance and Lubrication:
Exhaust System InspectionS7RS0B0206006
WARNING!
To avoid danger of being burned, do not
touch exhaust system when it is still hot.
Any service on exhaust system should be
performed when it is cool.

When carrying out periodic maintenance, or the vehicle
is raised for other service, check exhaust system as
follows:
• Check rubber mountings for damage, deterioration, and out of position.
• Check exhaust system for leakage, loose connections, dents and damages.
If bolts or nuts are loose, tighten them to specification.
• Check nearby body areas for damaged, missing or mispositioned parts, ope n seams, holes, loose
connections or other defects which could permit
exhaust fumes to seep into the vehicle.
• Make sure that exhaust system components have enough clearance from the underbody to avoid
overheating and possible damage to floor carpet.
• Any defects should be fixed at once.
Spark Plug ReplacementS7RS0B0206007
Replace spark plugs with new ones referring to “Spark
Plug Removal and Installation in Section 1H”.
Air Cleaner Filter InspectionS7RS0B0206008
1) Remove air cleaner case clamps.
2) Take air cleaner filter out of case.
3) Check that filter is not excessively dirty, damaged or oily, clean filter with compressed air from air outlet
side of filter.
4) Install air cleaner filter and Clamp cap securely.
Air Cleaner Filter ReplacementS7RS0B0206009
Replace air cleaner filter with new one according to
Steps 1), 2) and 4) of “Air Cleaner Filter Inspection”.
Fuel Lines and Connections InspectionS7RS0B0206010
Visually inspect fuel lines and connections for evidence
of fuel leakage, hose cracking and damage. Make sure
all clamps are secure.
Repair leaky joints, if any.
Replace hoses that are suspected of being cracked.
I4RS0A020003-01
I2RH01140007-01
I4RS0B020001-01
I4RS0A020005-01

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 1A-42 Engine General Information and Diagnosis:
Engine noise – Piston,
ring and cylinder noise
NOTE
Before checking
mechanical noise, make
sure that:
• Specified spark plug is used.
• Specified fuel is used.

Worn piston, ring and cylinder bore “Cylinders, Pistons and Piston Rings
Inspection in Section 1D”
Engine noise –
Connecting rod noise
NOTE
Before checking
mechanical noise, make
sure that:
• Specified spark plug is used.
• Specified fuel is used.

Worn piston, ring and cylinder bore “Cylinders, Pistons and Piston Rings
Inspection in Section 1D”
Worn rod bearing “Crank Pin and Connecting Rod Bearings
Inspection in Section 1D”
Worn crank pin “Crank Pin and Connecting Rod Bearings
Inspection in Section 1D”
Loose connecting rod nuts “Pistons, Piston Rings, Connecting Rods and
Cylinders Removal and Installation in Section
1D”
Low oil pressure Condition “Low oil pressure”
Engine noise –
Crankshaft noise
NOTE
Before checking
mechanical noise, make
sure that:
• Specified spark plug is used.
• Specified fuel is used.

Low oil pressure Condition “Low oil pressure”
Worn bearing “Main Bearings Inspection in Section 1D”
Worn crankshaft journal “Crankshaft Inspection in Section 1D”
Loose bearing cap bolts “Main Bearings, Crankshaft and Cylinder Block
Removal and Installation in Section 1D”
Excessive crankshaft thrust play “Crankshaft Inspection in Section 1D”
Engine overheating Inoperative thermostat “Thermostat Inspection in Section 1F”
Poor water pump performance “Water Pump Inspection in Section 1F”
Clogged or leaky radiator “Radiator On-Vehicle Inspection and Cleaning
in Section 1F”
Improper engine oil grade “Engine Oil and Filter Change in Section 0B”
Clogged oil filter or oil strainer “Oil Pressure Check in Section 1E”
Poor oil pump performance “Oil Pressure Check in Section 1E”
Faulty radiator cooling fan control
system “Radiator Cooling Fan Low Speed Control
System Check” or “Rad
iator Cooling Fan High
Speed Control System Check”
Dragging brakes Condition “Dragging brakes” in “Brakes
Symptom Diagnosis in Section 4A”
Slipping clutch Condition “Slipping clutch” in “Clutch System
Symptom Diagnosis in Section 5C”
Blown cylinder head gasket “Cylinder Head Inspection in Section 1D”
Air mixed in cooling system
Condition Possible cause Correction / Reference Item

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 1A-44 Engine General Information and Diagnosis:
Engine hesitates –
Momentary lack of
response as accelerator
is depressed. Can occur
at all vehicle speeds.
Usually most severe when
first trying to make
vehicle move, as from a
stop sign.Spark plug faulty
“Spark Plug Inspection in Section 1H”
Leaky high-tension cord “High-Tension Cord Inspection in Section 1H”
Fuel pressure out of specification “Fuel Pressure Check”
Malfunctioning EGR valve “EGR Valve Inspection in Section 1B”
Poor performance of ECT sensor or
MAF sensor “ECT Sensor Inspection in Section 1C” or
“MAF and IAT Sensor Inspection in Section
1C”
Faulty electric throttle body assembly “Electric Throttle Body Assembly On-Vehicle
Inspection in Section 1C”
Faulty APP sensor assembly “APP Sensor Assembly Inspection in Section
1C”
Faulty fuel injector “Fuel Injector Circuit Check”
Faulty ECM
Engine overheating Condition “Engine overheating”
Low compression “Compression Check in Section 1D”
Camshaft position control (VVT) system
out of order “Oil Control Valve Inspection in Section 1D”
Surge – Engine power
variation under steady
throttle or cruise. Feels
like vehicle speeds up
and down with no change
in accelerator pedal. Leaky or loosely connected high-tension
cord
“High-Tension Cord Removal and Installation
in Section 1H”
Faulty spark plug (excess carbon
deposits, improper gap, burned
electrodes, etc.) “Spark Plug Inspection in Section 1H”
Variable fuel pressure “Fuel Pressure Check”
Kinky or damaged fuel hose and lines
Faulty fuel pump (clogged fuel filter)
Malfunctioning EGR valve “EGR Valve Inspection in Section 1B”
Poor performance of MAF sensor “MAF and IAT Sensor Inspection in Section
1C”
Faulty fuel injector “Fuel Injector Circuit Check”
Faulty electric throttle body assembly “Electric Throttle Body Assembly On-Vehicle
Inspection in Section 1C”
Faulty APP sensor assembly “APP Sensor Assembly Inspection in Section
1C”
Faulty ECM
Excessive detonation –
Engine makes
continuously sharp
metallic knocks that
change with throttle
opening. Sounds like pop
corn popping. Faulty spark plug
“Spark Plug Inspection in Section 1H”
Loose connection of high-tension cord “High-Tension Cord Removal and Installation
in Section 1H”
Engine overheating Condition “Engine overheating”
Clogged fuel filter (faulty fuel pump) or
fuel lines “Fuel Pressure Check” or “Fuel Pump and Its
Circuit Check”
Air drawn in through intake manifold or
throttle body gasket
Malfunctioning EGR valve “EGR Valve Inspection in Section 1B”
Poor performance of knock sensor, ECT
sensor or MAF sensor “DTC P0327 / P0328: Knock Sensor 1 Circuit
Low / High”, “ECT Sensor Inspection in
Section 1C” or “MAF and IAT Sensor
Inspection in Section 1C”
Faulty fuel injector(s) “Fuel Injector Circuit Check”
Faulty ECM
Excessive combustion chamber
deposits “Cylinders, Pistons and Piston Rings
Inspection in Section 1D” and/or “Piston Pins
and Connecting Rods In
spection in Section
1D”
Camshaft position control (VVT) system
out of order “Oil Control Valve Inspection in Section 1D”
Condition Possible cause Correction / Reference Item

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Engine General Information and Diagnosis: 1A-45
Engine has no powerFaulty spark plug “Spark Plug Inspection in Section 1H”
Faulty ignition coil with ignitor “Ignition Coil Assembly (Including ignitor)
Inspection in Section 1H”
Leaks, loose connection or
disconnection of high-tension cord “High-Tension Cord Removal and Installation
in Section 1H”
Faulty knock sensor “DTC P0327 / P0328: Knock Sensor 1 Circuit
Low / High”
Clogged fuel hose or pipe “Fuel Pressure Check”
Malfunctioning fuel pump “Fuel Pump and Its Circuit Check”
Air drawn in through intake manifold
gasket or throttle body gasket
Engine overheating Condition “Engine overheating”
Malfunctioning EGR valve “EGR Valve Inspection in Section 1B”
Poor performance of ECT sensor or
MAF sensor “ECT Sensor Inspection in Section 1C” or
“MAF and IAT Sensor Inspection in Section
1C”
Faulty electric throttle body assembly “Electric Throttle Body Assembly On-Vehicle
Inspection in Section 1C”
Faulty APP sensor assembly “APP Sensor Assembly Inspection in Section
1C”
Faulty fuel injector(s) “Fuel Injector Circuit Check”
Faulty ECM
Dragging brakes Condition “Dragging brakes” in “Brakes
Symptom Diagnosis in Section 4A”
Slipping clutch Condition “Slipping clutch” in “Clutch System
Symptom Diagnosis in Section 5C”
Low compression “Compression Check in Section 1D”
Camshaft position control (VVT) system
out of order “Oil Control Valve Inspection in Section 1D”
Improper engine idling or
engine fails to idle Faulty spark plug
“Spark Plug Inspection in Section 1H”
Leaky or disconnected high-tension cord “High-Tension Cord Removal and Installation
in Section 1H”
Faulty ignition coil with ignitor “Ignition Coil Assembly (Including ignitor)
Inspection in Section 1H”
Fuel pressure out of specification “Fuel Pressure Check”
Leaky manifold, throttle body, or cylinder
head gasket
Malfunctioning EGR valve “EGR Valve Inspection in Section 1B”
Faulty evaporative emission control
system “EVAP Canister Purge Inspection in Section
1B”
Faulty EGR system “EGR System Inspection in Section 1B”
Faulty fuel injector(s) “Fuel Injector Circuit Check”
Poor performance of ECT sensor or
MAF sensor “ECT Sensor Inspection in Section 1C” or
“MAF and IAT Sensor Inspection in Section
1C”
Faulty electric throttle body assembly “Electric Throttle Body Assembly On-Vehicle
Inspection in Section 1C”
Faulty APP sensor assembly “APP Sensor Assembly Inspection in Section
1C”
Faulty ECM
Loose connection or disconnection of
vacuum hoses
Malfunctioning PCV valve “PCV Valve Inspection in Section 1B”
Engine overheating Condition “Engine overheating”
Low compression “Compression Check in Section 1D”
Camshaft position control (VVT) system
out of order “Oil Control Valve Inspection in Section 1D”
Condition Possible cause Correction / Reference Item

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Engine Electrical Devices: 1C-7
Installation
Reverse removal procedure noting the following.
• Clean mating surfaces of ECT sensor and thermostat case.
• Check O-ring for damage and replace, if necessary.
• Tighten ECT sensor (1) to specified torque.
Tightening torque
ECT sensor (a): 15 N·m (1.5 kgf-m, 11.0 lb-ft)
• Connect connector to ECT sensor securely.
• Refill coolant referring to “Cooling System Flush and
Refill in Section 1F”.
ECT Sensor InspectionS7RS0B1306009
Immerse temperature sensing part of ECT sensor (1) in
water (or ice) and measure resistance between sensor
terminals while heating water gradually.
If measured resistance doesn’t show such characteristic
as shown, replace ECT sensor.
HO2S-1 and HO2S-2 Heater On-Vehicle
Inspection
S7RS0B1306010
1) Disconnect sensor connector.
2) Using ohmmeter, measure resistance between terminals “V
B” and “GND” of sensor connector.
If found faulty, replace oxygen sensor.
NOTE
Temperature of sensor affects resistance
value largely. Make sure that sensor heater is
at correct temperature.

Resistance of oxygen sensor heater
HO2S-1: 5.0 – 6.4 Ω at 20 °C (68 °F)
HO2S-2: 11.7 – 14.5 Ω at 20 °C (68 °F)
Viewed from terminal side
3) Connect sensor co nnector securely.
HO2S-1 and HO2S-2 Removal and InstallationS7RS0B1306011
Removal
WARNING!
To avoid danger of being burned, do not
touch exhaust system when system is hot.
Oxygen sensor removal should be performed
when system is cool.

1) Disconnect negative (–) cable at battery.
2) Disconnect connector of heated oxygen sensor and
release its wire harness from clamps.
3) Perform following items before removing heated oxygen sensor.
a) For HO2S-1, remove exhaust manifold referring to “Exhaust Manifold Remo val and Installation in
Section 1K”, if necessary.
b) For HO2S-2, hoist vehicle.
4) Remove heated oxygen sensor from exhaust pipe or exhaust manifold.
[A]: Lower limit [D]: Resistance
[B]: Normal [E]: Temperature
[C]: Upper limit
1,(a)
I2RH0B130009-01
20
0
68
32 104 140 176 40 60 80
[E]
2.29 - 2.62
0.309 - 0.331
[A]
[B]
[C][D]
I5JB0A130037-01
[A]: HO2S-1 [B]: HO2S-2
I4RS0A130006-01

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 1C-12 Engine Electrical Devices:
MAF and IAT Sensor InspectionS7RS0B1306020
CAUTION!
Do not heat up MAF and IAT sensor more
than 100 °C (212 °F). Otherwise, MAF and IAT
sensor will be damaged.

• Check sensor O-ring (1) for damage and deterioration. Replace as necessary.
• Blow hot air to temperature sensing part (2) of MAF and IAT sensor (3) using hot air drier (4) and measure
resistance between sensor terminals while heating air
gradually.
If measured resistance does not show such
characteristic as shown, replace MAF and IAT sensor.
IAT sensor resistance
–20 °C (–4 °F): 13.6 – 18.4 k Ω
20 °C (68 °F): 2.21 – 2.69 k Ω
60 °C (140 °F): 0.493 – 0.667 k Ω
Electric Load Current Sensor On-Vehicle
Inspection
S7RS0B1306021
Using SUZUKI Scan Tool
1) Connect scan tool to DLC with ignition switch turned OFF.
2) Check “Battery Current” displayed on scan tool at following condition.
Battery current
Ignition switch ON: 6.5 – 7.5 A
Ignition switch ON, headlight ON: 18.6 – 19.1 A
Ignition switch ON, headlight ON and blower
motor switch is HI position: 27.1 – 27.6 A
Engine running at idle speed, headlight ON,
blower motor switch is HI position and rear
defogger switch ON: 38.1 – 41.7 A
If check result is satisfactory, electric load current sensor
is in good condition.
If check result is not satisf actory, check the following
parts and circuit.
• Electric load current sensor circuit (power, ground and output)
• Following charging system components
– Battery (refer to “Battery Inspection in Section 1J”)
– Generator (refer to “Generator Inspection in Section 1J”)
– Generator output control ci rcuit (refer to “Generator
Test (Undercharged Battery Check) in Section 1J”)
– Generator field coil monitor circuit (refer to “Generator Inspection in Section 1J”)
If electric load current sensor circuit and charging
system is in good condition, electric load current sensor
(1) is faulty.
[A]: Lower limit [D]: Resistance
[B]: Nominal [E]: Temperature
[C]: Upper limit 5. Temperature gauge
200
6832104 140 17640 60 80
(2.45)
(0.58)
1
2
3
4 5
[A] [B]
[E]
[C]
[D]
I4RS0A130012-01
2. Main fuse box
2
1
I5RS0C130001-01

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Engine Cooling System: 1F-8
Thermostat Removal and InstallationS7RS0B1606007
Removal1) Drain coolant referring to “Cooling System Draining”.
2) Remove intake manifold referring to “Intake Manifold Removal and Installa tion in Section 1D”.
3) Remove generator referring to “Generator Dismounting and Remounting in Section 1J”.
4) Disconnect water hose (1) and heater hose (2) from each pipe.
5) Remove thermostat case (3) with thermostat cap (4)
and water inlet pipe (5).
6) Remove water inlet pipe with thermostat cap from thermostat case.
7) Remove thermostat from thermostat case (3).
Installation
Reverse removal procedure for installation noting the
following points.
• Install thermostat cap (1) to thermostat case (2) by aligning match mark (3) of thermostat case with air
bleed valve (4) of the thermostat (5).
• Use new O-rings when installing.
• Adjust water pump belt tension referring to “Water Pump / Generator Drive Belt Tension Inspection and
Adjustment in Section 1J”.
• Adjust A/C compressor belt tension referring to “Compressor Drive Belt Inspection and Adjustment in
Section 7B” or “Compressor Drive Belt Inspection and
Adjustment in Section 7B”. • Refill cooling system referrin
g to Step 7) to 22) of
“Cooling System Flush and Refill”.
• Verify that there is no coolant leakage at each connection.
Thermostat InspectionS7RS0B1606008
• Make sure that air bleed valve (1) of thermostat is clean.
• Check to make sure that va lve seat (2) is free from
foreign matters which would prevent valve from
seating tight.
• Check thermostat seal (3) for breakage, deterioration or any other damage.
• Check thermostatic movement of wax pellet as follows:
a. Immerse thermostat (1) in water, and heat water gradually.
b. Check that valve starts to open at specific temperature.
Temperature at which valve begins to open
80 – 84 °C (176 – 183 °F)
Temperature at which valve become fully open
95 – 97 °C (203 °F)
Va l v e l i ft
More than 8 mm at 95 °C (203 ° F)
If valve starts to open at a temperature substantially
below or above specific temperature, thermostat unit
should be replaced with a new one. Such a unit, if
reused, will bring about ov ercooling or overheating
tendency.
I3RM0A160007-01
4
5 3
1 2
I7RS0B160006-01
2. Thermometer
3. Heater
I3RM0A160008-01
I2RH01160012-01

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine 1K-1 Exhaust System:
Engine
Exhaust System
General Description
Exhaust System DescriptionS7RS0B1B01001
The exhaust system consists of an exhaust manifold, three-way catalytic converter (TWC) in catalyst case, exhaust
pipes, a muffler and seals, gasket and etc.
The three-way catalytic converter is an emission control device added to the exhaust system to lower the levels of
Hydrocarbon (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) pollutants in the exhaust gas.
Diagnostic Information and Procedures
Exhaust System CheckS7RS0B1B04001
WARNING!
To avoid the danger of being burned, do not touch the exhaust system when the system is hot. Any
service on the exhaust system should be performed when the system is cool.

At every interval of periodic maintenance service, and when vehicle is raised for other service, check exhaust system
as follows:
• Check rubber mountings for damage, deterioration, and out of position.
• Check exhaust system for leakage, loose connection, dent and damage.
• If bolts or nuts are loosened, tighten them to specified torque referring to “Exhaust System Components”.
• Check nearby body areas damaged, missing, or mispositio ned part, open seam, hole connection or any other
defect which could permit exhaust fumes to seep into vehicle.
• Make sure that exhaust system components have enough clearance from underbody to avoid overheating and
possible damage to passenger compartment carpet.
• Any defect should be fixed at once.
IYSY011B0003-01

Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine Wheels and Tires: 2D-2
Lower than recommended pressure can cause:
• Tire squeal on turns
• Hard Steering
• Rapid and uneven wear on the edges of the tread
• Tire rim bruises and rupture
• Tire cord breakage
• High tire temperature
• Reduced handling
• High fuel consumption
Replacement Tires
When replacement is necessary, the original equipment
type tire should be used. Refer to the Tire Placard.
Replacement tires should be of the same size, load
range and construction as those originally on the vehicle.
Use of any other size or type tire may affect ride,
handling, speedometer / odometer calibration, vehicle
ground clearance and tire or snow chain clearance to the
body and chassis.
It is recommended that new tires be installed in pairs on
the same axle. If necessary to replace only one tire, it
should be paired with the tire having the most tread, to
equalize braking traction.
WARNING!
Do not mix different types of tires on the
same vehicle such as radial, bias and bias-
belted tires except in emergencies, because
handling may be seriously affected and may
result in loss of control.

The metric term for tire infl ation pressure is the kilo
pascal (kPa). Tire pressures is usually printed in both
kPa and kgf/cm
2 on the “Tire Placard”.
Metric tire gauges are available from tool suppliers.
The chart, shown the table, converts commonly used
inflation pressures from kPa to kgf/cm
2 and psi.
Wheels DescriptionS7RS0B2401002
Wheel Maintenance
Wheel repairs that use welding, heating, or peening are
not approved. All damaged wheels should be replaced.
Replacement Wheels
Wheels must be replaced if they are bent, dented, have
excessive lateral or radial runout, air leak through welds,
have elongated bolt holes, if lug wheel bolts won’t stay
tight, or if they are heavily rusted. Wheels with greater
runout than shown in the following may cause
objectional vibrations.
Replacement wheels must be equivalent to the original
equipment wheels in load capacity, diameter, rim with
offset and mounting configuration. A wheel of improper
size or type may affect wheel and bearing life, brake
cooling, speedometer / odometer calibration, vehicle
ground clearance and tire clearance to body and
chassis.
How to Measure Wheel Runout
To measure the wheel runout, it is necessary to use an
accurate dial indicator. The tire may be on or off the
wheel. The wheel should be installed to the wheel
balancer of the like for proper measurement.
Take measurements of both lateral runout “a” and radial
runout “b” at both inside an d outside of the rim flange.
With the dial indicator set in place securely, turn the
wheel one full revolution slowly and record every reading
of the indicator.
When the measured runout exceeds the specification
and correction by the balancer adjustment is impossible,
replace the wheel. If the reading is affected by welding,
paint or scratch, it should be ignored.
Lateral runout limit “a”
: 0.3 mm (0.012 in.)
Radial runout limit “b”
: 0.3 mm (0.012 in.)
kPa kgf/cm2psi
Conversion: 1 psi =
6.895 kPa 1 kgf/cm
2 =
98.066 kPa 160 1.6 23
180 1.8 26
200 2.0 29
220 2.2 32
240 2.4 35
260 2.6 38
280 2.8 41
300 3.0 44
I4RS0A240001-01