engine TOYOTA HIGHLANDER 2001 Service Repair Manual
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Page 1765 of 2572
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (2AZ-FE)
05-197
387 Author: Date:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
MONITOR DESCRIPTION
The two monitors, Key-Off and Purge Flow, are used to detect malfunctions relating to DTC P0441. The
Key-Of f monitor is initiated by the ECM internal timer, known as the soak timer, 5 hours* after the ignition
switch is turned to OFF. The purge flow monitor runs while the engine is running.
1. KEY-OFF MONITOR
5 hours* after the ignition switch is turned OFF, the electric vacuum pump creates negative pressure (vacu-
um) in the EVAP (Evaporative Emission) system. The ECM monitors for leaks and actuator malfunctions
based on the EVAP pressure.
HINT:
*: If the engine coolant temperature is not below 35C (95F) 5 hours after the ignition switch is turned off,
the monitor check starts 2 hours later. If it is still not below 35C (95F) 7 hours after the ignition switch is
turned off, the monitor check starts 2.5 hours later.
SequenceOperationsDescriptionsDuration
-ECM activationActivated by soak timer, 5 hours (7 or 9.5 hours) after ignition switch turned to OFF.-
AAtmospheric pressure
measurement
Vent valve turned OFF (vent) and EVAP system pressure measured by ECM in order to
register atmospheric pressure.
If EVAP pressure is not between 70 kPa and 110 kPa (525 mmHg and 825 mmHg), ECM
cancels EVAP system monitor.
10 seconds
B
First 0.02 inch leak
pressure measure-
mentIn order to determine 0.02 inch leak pressure standard, vacuum pump creates negative pres-
sure (vacuum) through 0.02 inch orifice and then ECM checks if vacuum pump and vent
valve operate normally.
60 seconds
CEVAP system pres-
sure measurement
Vent valve turned ON (closed) to shut EVAP system.
Negative pressure (vacuum) created in EVAP system, and EVAP system pressure then
measured.
Write down the measured value as it will be used in the leak check.
If EVAP pressure does not stabilize within 15 minutes, ECM cancels EVAP system monitor.
15 minutes*
DPurge VSV monitorPurge VSV opened and then EVAP system pressure measured by ECM.
Large increase indicates normal.10 seconds
E
Second 0.02 inch leak
pressure measure-
mentLeak check is performed after second 0.02 inch leak pressure standard is measured.
If stabilized system pressure higher than second 0.02 inch leak pressure standard, ECM
determines that EVAP system leaking.
60 seconds
FFinal checkAtmospheric pressure measured and then monitoring result recorded by ECM.-
* If only a small amount of fuel is in the fuel tank, it takes longer for the EVAP pressure to stabilize.
Page 1767 of 2572
G36776
Purge VSV
Vent Valve
Vacuum Pump
EVAP Pressure
Positive
Leak Pressure
sec NegativeONON
Sequence
TimeA
10
sec60
Within 15 minutesON
First 0.02 inch
BCD
OK
Malfunction
ON: Open
OFF: Closed
OFF: Vent ON: Closed
10
Standard
sec60
E EVAP Pressure when Purge VSV Stuck Closed:
A71563
EVAP Pressure
During Purge Flow Monitor:
VSV
EVAP
PressureOpen
1st
Monitor2nd
Monitor
ON (closed)
Purge
Valve Vent
OK
OK
Malfunction
0.1 kPa
0.5 kPa
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (2AZ-FE)
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389 Author: Date:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
(b) Purge VSV stuck closed
In operation D, the pressure sensor measures the EVAP system pressure. The pressure measurement for
purge VSV monitor is begun when the purge VSV is turned ON (open) after the EVAP leak check. When
the measured pressure indicates an increase of 0.3 kPa (2.25 mmHg) or more, the purge VSV is functioning
normally. If the pressure does not increase, the ECM interprets this as the purge VSV being stuck closed.
The ECM illuminates the MIL and sets the DTC (2 trip detection logic).
2. PURGE FLOW MONITOR
The purge flow monitor consists of the two step monitors. The
1st monitor is conducted every time and the 2nd monitor is acti-
vated if necessary.
The 1st monitor
While the engine is running and the purge VSV
(Vacuum Switching Valve) is ON (open), the ECM
monitors the purge flow by measuring the EVAP
pressure change. If negative pressure is not
created, the ECM begins the 2nd monitor.
The 2nd monitor
The vent valve is turned ON (closed) and the EVAP
pressure is then measured. If the variation in the
pressure is less than 0.5 kPa (3.75 mmHg), the
ECM interprets this as the purge VSV being stuck
closed, and illuminates the MIL and sets DTC
P0441 (2 trip detection logic).
Atmospheric pressure check:
In order to ensure reliable malfunction detection, the variation
between the atmospheric pressures, before and after conduc-
tion of the purge flow monitor, is measured by the ECM.
Page 1768 of 2572
05-200
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (2AZ-FE)
390 Author: Date:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
OBD II MONITOR SPECIFICATIONS (Key-off Monitor)
Monitor Strategy
Required Sensors/ComponentsPurge VSV and pump module
Frequency of OperationOnce per driving cycle
DurationWithin 15 minutes (varies with fuel in tank)
MIL Operation2 driving cycles
Sequence of OperationNone
Typical Enabling Conditions
The monitor will run whenever these DTCs are not presentSee page 05-16
EVAP key-off monitor runs when all of the following condi-
tions met-
Atmospheric pressure525 to 825 mmHg (70 to 110 kPa)
Battery voltage10.5 V or more
Vehicle speedBelow 4 km/h (2.5 mph)
Ignition switchOFF
Engine conditionNot running
Time after engine stopped5 hours
FTP sensor malfunction (P0450, P0452, P0453)Not detected
Purge VSVNot operated by scan tool
Vent valveNot operated by scan tool
Leak detection pumpNot operated by scan tool
Both of the following conditions are met before IG switch
OFF:Condition 1 and 2
1. Duration that vehicle is driven5 min. or more
2. Purge flowExecuted
ECT4.4 to 35C (40 to 95F)
IAT4.4 to 35C (40 to 95F)
Example of re-start time
First time7 hours
Second time9 hours and 30 min.
Key-of f monitor sequence: 1 to 8
1. Atmospheric pressure
Next sequence is run if following condition met-
Atmospheric pressure change for 10 sec.Within 2.25 mmHg (0.3 kPa) for 1 sec.
2. First reference pressure
Next sequence is run if all of following conditions metCondition 1, 2 and 3
1. FTP when 4 sec. after reference pressure measurement-7.5 mmHg (-1 kPa) or less
2. Reference pressure-36.47 to -7.93 mmHg (-4.85 to -1.057 kPa)
3. Reference pressureSaturated
3. Vent valve stuck closed check
Next sequence is run if following condition met-
FTP change for 10 sec. after vent valve ON (closed)2.25 mmHg (0.3 kPa) or more
4. Vacuum introduction and leak
Next sequence is run if both of following conditions metCondition 1 and 2
1. Vacuum introduction timeWithin 15 min.
2. FTPFTP was saturated
5. Purge VSV stuck closed check
Next sequence is run if following condition met-
FTP change for 10 sec. after purge VSV ON (open)2.25 mmHg (0.3 kPa) or more
Page 1769 of 2572
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (2AZ-FE)
05-201
391 Author: Date:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
6. Second reference pressure measurement
Next sequence is run if all of following conditions metCondition 1, 2, 3 and 4
1. FTP when 4 sec. after reference pressure measurement-7.5 mmHg (-1 kPa) or less
2. Reference pressure-36.47 to -7.93 mmHg (-4.85 to -1.057 kPa)
3. Reference pressureSaturated
4. Reference pressure difference between first and secondLess than 5.25 mmHg (0.7 kPa)
7. Leak check
Next sequence is run if following condition met-
FTP when vacuum introduction was completeLower than second reference pressure
8. Atmospheric pressure
Monitor is complete if following-
Atmospheric pressure difference between sequence 1 and 8Within 2.25 mmHg (0.3 kPa)
Typical Malfunction Thresholds
Purge VSV stuck open
FTP when vacuum introduction was completeHigher than reference pressure x 0.2
Purge VSV stuck closed
FTP change for 10 seconds after purge VSV ON (open)Less than 2.25 mmHg (0.3 kPa)
OBD II MONITOR SPECIFICATIONS (Purge Flow Monitor)
Monitor Strategy
Required Sensors/ComponentsPurge VSV and pump module
Frequency of OperationOnce per driving cycle
DurationWithin 30 seconds
MIL Operation2 driving cycles
Sequence OperationNone
Typical Enabling Conditions
The monitor will run whenever these DTCs are not presentSee page 05-16
EngineRunning
ECT4.4C (40F) or more
IAT4.4C (40F) or more
FTP sensor malfunctionNot detected
Purge VSVNot operated by scan tool
EVAP system checkNot operated by scan tool
Battery voltage10 V or more
Purge duty cycle8 % or more
Typical Malfunction Thresholds
Both of the following conditions are met:Condition 1 or 2
1. FTP change when purge operation is startedLess than 0.75 mmHg (0.1 kPa)
2. FTP change during purge operation when vent valve is
closedLess than 3.75 mmHg (0.5 kPa)
MONITOR RESULT (MODE 06)
Refer to page 05-317 for detailed information on Monitor Result.
Page 1771 of 2572
05-564
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
754 Author: Date:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)DTC No.
DTC Detection ConditionTrouble Area
P0442
P0455
P0456
Cold engine start.
EVAP VSV has been operated and turned OFF, sealing nega-
tive pressure (vacuum) in system.
ECM begins to monitor fuel tank pressure increase and one
of the following occurs (2 trip detection logic):
(a) Rapid, sharp increase in pressure occurs, indicating small
leak in EVAP system. DTC P0442 is set.
(b) Negative pressure (vacuum) is not strong enough, indicat-
ing large hole in EVAP system. DTC P0455 is set.
(c) Increase in pressure above expected amount occurs, indi-
cating small leak in EVAP system. DTC P0456 is set.
Vacuum hose has cracks, holes, or is blocked, damaged or
disconnected
Fuel tank cap incorrectly installed
Fuel tank cap has cracks or is damaged
Open or short in vapor pressure sensor circuit
Vapor pressure sensor
Open or short in EVAP VSV circuit
EVAP VSV
Open or short in CCV circuit
CCV
Fuel tank has cracks, holes, or is damaged
Charcoal canister has cracks, holes, or is damaged
Fuel tank over fill check valve cracks, or is damaged
ECM
Page 1774 of 2572
A85439
CCV
(Operation) EVAP VSV
(Operation)
Creation of
Partial
VacuumTank & Canister
Leak Check
(DTC Detection Period) Open
*1
Closed
Open
*2Open Closed
Closed
P0442, P0456 FTP:
Pressure in
Fuel Tank
(Vapor
Pressure)
*
1: EVAP VSV is Open: ON
*
2: CCV is Open: OFFNormal Pressure
Rise
Vacuum is Relieved Leak Check
P0455Very Small Leak
(P0456)
Small Leak
(P0442)
Ambient PressureGross Leak
(P0455)
Start of
Creation of
Negative
PressureInitial Condition:
Cold start
Engine coolant temperature/intake air temperature are nearly the same
(for ex., disconnect of
Vacuum Hose) (for ex., Fuel Tank
Cap loose)
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
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Page 1775 of 2572
05-568
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
758 Author: Date:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
MONITOR STRATEGY
Related DTCs
P0442: EVAP 0.04 inch leak
P0455: EVAP gross leak
P0456: EVAP 0.02 inch leak
Required sensors / components (Main)CCV, EVAP canister, EVAP hose, Fuel cap, Fuel tank and Purge VSV
Required sensors / components (Related)ECT sensor, FTP sensor, IAT sensor, MAF meter, Vehicle speed sensor
Frequency of operationOnce per driving cycle
DurationWithin 90 seconds
MIL operation2 driving cycles
Sequence operationNone
TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS
All:
The monitor will run whenever these DTCs are not presentSee page 05-377
AltitudeLess than 7,870 ft. (2,400 m)
Battery voltage11 V or more
Throttle position learningCompleted
IAT at engine start - ECT at engine start-7 to 11.1C (-12.6 to 20F)
EVAP VSV and CCVNot operated test by scan tool
Either of the following conditions is metCondition 1 or 2
1. Purge duty cycle8% or more (vary with MAF)
2. Purge concentration for 30 seconds-5 %/% or more when vehicle speed is less than 10 km/h (6.25 mph)
RefuelNot refueled with engine running
FTP12.75 mmHg (-1.7 kPa) or more
EVAP 0.02 inch leak P0456:
ECT at engine start4.4 to 32C (39.9 to 89.6F)
IAT at engine start4.4 to 32C (39.9 to 89.6F)
IAT4.4C (39.9F) or more
Vehicle speed changeVehicle is driven by steady speed
Fuel sloshNo sloshing (i.e. fairly smooth road)
Time after engine startWithin 50 minutes
FTP change before vacuum introductionMinimum change
Fuel levelLess than 90 %
0.04 inch leakNot detected
CCV malfunctionNot detected
Vehicle speedLess than 81.25 mph (130 km/h)
Purge VSV malfunctionNot detected
Others:
ECT at engine start4.4 to 35C (39.9 to 95F)
IAT at engine start4.4 to 35C (39.9 to 95F)
IAT4.4C (39.9F) or more
Vehicle speed changeVehicle is driven by steady speed
Fuel sloshNo sloshing (i.e. fairly smooth road)
Time after engine startWithin 50 minutes
FTP change before vacuum introductionMinimum change
Fuel levelLess than 90 %
Page 1777 of 2572
05-570
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
760 Author: Date:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
DTC P0446 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROL
SYSTEM VENT CONTROL CIRCUIT
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The circuit description can be found in the EVAP INSPECTION PROCEDURE (see page 05-679).
INSPECTION PROCEDURE
Refer to the EVAP INSPECTION PROCEDURE (see page 05-679).
MONITOR DESCRIPTION
The ECM tests the Evaporative Emissions (EVAP) system using the fuel tank pressure sensor, Canister
Close Valve (CCV), and EVAP VSV. The ECM closes the EVAP system and creates negative pressure (vacu-
um) into it. The ECM then monitors the internal pressure using the fuel tank pressure sensor (refer to the
graphic on page 05-557).
P0446 (FOR SYSTEM DIAGRAM AND DTC DETECTION TIMING CHART, REFER TO DTC P0441
(see page 05-557))
The CCV is open under normal conditions. The CCV has the following features:
(1) After the EVAP VSV purges the EVAP from the fuel tank into the intake manifold, the CCV draws
fumes from the fuel tank into the charcoal canister.
(2) Relieves pressure inside the fuel tank when the pressure has suddenly risen.
(3) Along with the EVAP VSV, creates negative pressure (vacuum) inside the fuel tank and performs
leak tests.
The ECM checks if the CCV is ºstuck closedº. The ECM commands the CCV to open while the EVAP VSV
is open. If high negative pressure (vacuum) develops in the fuel tank and stays for more than 4 seconds,
the ECM determines that the CCV remains closed despite the open command. The ECM would then turn
on the MIL and output a DTC. The engine coolant temperature is not related to the output of this DTC.
The ECM also has a method for checking if the CCV is ºstuck openº. The ECM commands the CCV to close
while the EVAP VSV is open. If a sufficient amount of negative pressure dose not develop in the fuel tank,
the ECM determines that the CCV remains open despite the close command. The ECM would then turn on
the MIL and output a DTC.
DTC No.DTC Detection ConditionTrouble Area
P0446Open or close malfunction in CCV (2 trip detection logic)
Vacuum hose has cracks, holes, or is blocked, damaged or
disconnected
Fuel tank cap incorrectly installed
Fuel tank cap has cracks or is damaged
Open or short in vapor pressure sensor circuit
Vapor pressure sensor
Open or short in EVAP VSV circuit
EVAP VSV
Open or short in CCV circuit
CCV
Fuel tank has cracks, holes, or is damaged
Charcoal canister has cracks, holes, or is damaged
Fuel tank over fill check valve cracks, or is damaged
ECM
05MOR-01
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- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (3MZ-FE)
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2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
MONITOR STRATEGY
Related DTCsP0446: CCV stuck open
P0446: CCV stuck close
Required sensors / components (Main)CCV, EVAP canister, EVAP hose, Fuel cap, Fuel tank and Purge VSV
Required sensors / components (Related)ECT sensor, FTP sensor, IAT sensor, MAF meter, Vehicle speed sensor
Frequency of operationOnce per driving cycle
DurationWithin 60 seconds
MIL operation2 driving cycles
Sequence operationNone
TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS
The monitor will run whenever these DTCs are not presentSee page 05-377
AltitudeLess than 7,870 ft. (2,400 m)
Battery voltage11 V or more
Throttle position learningCompleted
IAT at engine start - ECT at engine start-7 to 11.1C (-12.6 to 20F)
EVAP VSV and CCVNot operated test by scan tool
Either of the following conditions is metCondition 1 or 2
1. Purge duty cycle8% or more (vary with MAF)
2. Purge concentration for 30 seconds-5 %/% or more when vehicle speed is less than 10 km/h (6.25 mph)
RefuelNot refueled with engine running
FTP12.75 mmHg (-1.7 kPa) or more
ECT at engine start4.4 to 35C (39.9 to 95F)
IAT at engine start4.4 to 35C (39.9 to 95F)
IAT4.4C (39.9F) or more
Vehicle speed changeVehicle is driven by steady speed
Fuel sloshNo sloshing (i.e. fairly smooth road)
Time after engine startWithin 50 minutes
FTP change before vacuum introductionMinimum change
Fuel levelLess than 90 %
TYPICAL MALFUNCTION THRESHOLDS
CCV stuck close P0446:
Duration that the following conditions 1 and 2 are met:4 seconds or more
1. Accumulated purge volume0.5 g or more
2. FTPLess than -12.75 mmHg (-1.7 kPa)
CCV stuck open P0446:
Purge VSV stuck closedDetected
Page 1780 of 2572
05-202
- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (2AZ-FE)
392 Author: Date:
2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
DTC P0450 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROL SYS-
TEM PRESSURE SENSOR/SWITCH
DTC P0451 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROL SYS-
TEM PRESSURE SENSOR RANGE/PER-
FORMANCE
DTC P0452 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROL SYS-
TEM PRESSURE SENSOR/SWITCH LOW IN-
PUT
DTC P0453 EVAPORATIVE EMISSION CONTROL SYS-
TEM PRESSURE SENSOR/SWITCH HIGH IN-
PUT
DTC SUMMARY
DTCMonitoring ItemsMalfunction Detection ConditionsTrouble AreasDetection Tim-
ingsDetection
Logic
P0450Pressure sensor voltage ab-
normal fluctuationSensor output voltage rapidly fluctuates
beyond upper and lower malfunction
thresholds for 0.5 seconds.Pump module
Connector/Wire harness
(Pump module - ECM)
ECMEVAP monitor-
ing (ignition
OFF)
Ignition ON
1 trip
P0451Pressure sensor noisingSensor output voltage fluctuates fre-
quently in certain time period.
Pump module
Connector/Wire harness
(Pump module - ECM)
ECMEVAP monitor-
ing (ignition
OFF)
Engine running
2 trip
P0451Pressure sensor stuckSensor output voltage does vary in cer-
tain time period.
Pump module
Connector/Wire harness
(Pump module - ECM)
ECMEVAP monitor-
ing (ignition
OFF)
2 trip
P0452Pressure sensor voltage lowSensor output voltage is less than 0.45
V for 0.5 seconds.
Pump module
Connector/Wire harness
(Pump module - ECM)
ECMIgnition ON
EVAP monitor-
ing (ignition
OFF)
1 trip
P0453Pressure sensor voltage highSensor output voltage is more than 4.9
V for 0.5 seconds.
Pump module
Connector/Wire harness
(Pump module - ECM)
ECMIgnition ON
EVAP monitor-
ing (ignition
OFF)
1 trip
HINT:
The pressure sensor is built into the pump module.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The circuit description can be found in the EVAP (Evaporative Emission) Inspection Procedure (see page
05-317).
05IR9-02