low oil pressure TOYOTA HIGHLANDER 2001 Service Repair Manual

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Keep the back door closed while
driving. An open or unsealed back
door may cause exhaust gases to
be drawn into the vehicle.

To allow proper operation of your
vehicle's ventilation system, keep
the inlet grilles in front of the wind-
shield clear of snow, leaves, or oth-
er obstructions.

If you smell exhaust fumes in the
vehicle, drive with the windows
open and the back door closed.
Have the cause immediately located
and corrected.
FUNCTIONS OF ENGINE OIL
Engine oil has the primary functions of
lubricating and cooling the inside of the
engine, and plays a major role in main-
taining the engine in proper working order.
ENGINE OIL CONSUMPTION
It is normal that an engine should con-
sume some engine oil during normal
engine operation. The causes of oil
consumption in a normal engine are as
follows.

Oil is used to lubricate pistons, piston
rings and cylinders. A thin film of oil
is left on the cylinder wall when a pis-
ton moves downwards in the cylinder.
High negative pressure generated when
the vehicle is decelerating sucks some
of this oil into the combustion chamber.
This oil as well as some part of the oil
film left on the cylinder wall is burned
by the high temperature combustion
gases during the combustion process.

Oil is also used to lubricate the stems
of the intake valves. Some of this oil
is sucked into the combustion chamber
together with the intake air and is
burned along with the fuel. High tem-
perature exhaust gases also burn the
oil used to lubricate the exhaust valve
stems.The amount of engine oil consumed de-
pends on the viscosity of the oil, the
quality of the oil and the conditions the
vehicle is driven under.
More oil is consumed by high- speed driv-
ing and frequent acceleration and decel-
eration.
A new engine consumes more oil, since
its pistons, piston rings and cylinder walls
have not become conditioned.
Oil consumption: Max. 1.0 L per 1000
km (1.1 qt./600 miles, 0.9 Imp. qt./600
miles)
When judging the amount of oil con-
sumption, note that the oil may become
diluted and make it difficult to judge
the true level accurately.
As an example, if a vehicle is used for
repeated short trips, and consumes a nor-
mal amount of oil, the dipstick may not
show any drop in the oil level at all, even
after 1000 km (600 miles) or more. This
is because the oil is gradually becoming
diluted with fuel or moisture, making it
appear that the oil level has not changed.
The diluting ingredients evaporate out
when the vehicle is then driven at high
speeds, as on an expressway, making it
appear that oil is excessively consumed
after driving at high speeds.
Facts about engine oil
consumption

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If engine speed does not increase when
the accelerator pedal is depressed, there
may be a problem somewhere in the elec-
tronic throttle control system.
At this time, vibration may occur. Howev-
er, if you depress the accelerator pedal
more firmly and slowly, you can drive your
vehicle at low speeds. Have your vehicle
checked by your Toyota dealer as soon as
possible.
Even if the abnormality of the electronic
throttle control system is corrected during
low speed driving, the system may not be
recovered until the engine is stopped and
the ignition key is turned to ACCº or
LOCKº position.
CAUTION
Be especially careful to prevent erro-
neous pedal operation.
If your engine coolant temperature
gauge indicates overheating, if you ex-
perience a loss of power, or if you hear
a loud knocking or pinging noise, the
engine has probably overheated. You
should follow this procedure...
1. Pull safely off the road, stop the ve-
hicle and turn on your emergency
flashers. Put the transmission in Pº
and apply the parking brake. Turn off
the air conditioning if it is being used.
2. If coolant or steam is boiling out of the
radiator or reservoir, stop the engine.
Wait until the steam subsides before
opening the hood. If there is no coolant
boiling over or steam, leave the engine
running and make sure the electric
cooling fan is operating. If it is not,
turn the ignition off.
CAUTION
To help avoid personal injury, keep
the hood closed until there is no
steam. Escaping steam or coolant is
a sign of very high pressure.
3. Look for obvious coolant leaks from the
radiator, hoses, and under the vehicle.
However, note that water draining from
the air conditioning is normal if it has
been used.
CAUTION
When the engine is running, keep
hands and clothing away from the
moving fan and engine drive belts.
4. If the coolant is leaking, stop the en-
gine immediately. Call a Toyota dealer
for assistance.
5. If there are no obvious leaks, check
the coolant reservoir. If it is dry, add
coolant to the reservoir while the en-
gine is running. Fill it about half full.
For the coolant type, see Coolant type
selectionº on page 383 in Section 7- 2.
CAUTION
Do not attempt to remove the radiator
cap when the engine and radiator are
hot. Serious injury could result from
scalding hot fluid and steam blown
out under pressure.
If you cannot increase engine
speedIf your vehicle overheats

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Brake system warning light*
1
Discharge warning light*
1
Low engine oil pressure warning light*
1
Malfunction indicator lamp*
1
SRS warning light*
1
Driver 's seat belt reminder light*
1Open door warning light*
1
Automatic transmission fluid temperature
warning light*
1 (four- wheel drive models) or
Low windshield washer fluid level warning
light*
1
or
Vehicle stability control system warning light*
1
Anti- lock brake system warning light*
1or
Front passenger 's seat belt reminder light*
1
Low tire pressure warning light*
1
Indicator symbols on the instrument panel

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The engine ignition will continue to oper-
ate, however, until the battery is dis-
charged. Turn off the air conditioning,
blower, radio, etc., and drive directly to
the nearest Toyota dealer or repair shop.
NOTICE
Do not continue driving if the engine
drive belt is broken or loose.
(e) Low Engine Oil Pressure Warning
Light
This light warns that the engine oil pres-
sure is too low.
If it flickers or stays on while you are
driving, pull off the road to a safe place
and stop the engine immediately. Call a
Toyota dealer or qualified repair shop for
assistance.
The light may occasionally flicker when
the engine is idling or it may come on
briefly after a hard stop. There is no
cause for concern if it then goes out when
the engine is accelerated slightly.
The light may come on when the oil level
is extremely low. It is not designed to
indicate low oil level, and the oil level
must be checked using the level dipstick.
NOTICE
Do not drive the vehicle with the
warning light onÐeven for one block.
It may ruin the engine.
(f) Malfunction Indicator Lamp
This lamp comes on when the ignition
key is turned to the ONº position and
goes off after the engine starts. This
means that the warning light system is
operating properly.
If the lamp remains on, or the lamp
comes on while driving, first check the
followings.

Empty fuel tank
If the fuel tank is empty, refuel immedi-
ately.

Loose fuel tank cap
If the fuel tank cap is loose, securely
tighten it.
These cases are temporary malfunctions.
The malfunction indicator lamp will go off
after taking several driving trips.
If the lamp does not go off even after
several trips, contact your Toyota dealer
as soon as possible.If the fuel tank is not empty or the fuel
tank cap is not loose...

There is a problem somewhere in the
engine, emission control system, elec-
tronic throttle control system, automatic
transmission electrical system or warn-
ing light system itself.
In this case, slow down and have your
vehicle checked/repaired by your Toyota
dealer as soon as possible.
If engine speed does not increase when
the accelerator pedal is depressed, there
may be a problem somewhere in the elec-
tronic throttle control system.
At this time, vibration may occur. Howev-
er, if you depress the accelerator pedal
more firmly and slowly, you can drive your
vehicle at low speeds. Have your vehicle
checked by your Toyota dealer as soon as
possible.
Even if the abnormality of the electronic
throttle control system is corrected during
low speed driving, the system may not be
recovered until the engine is stopped and
the ignition key is turned to ACCº or
LOCKº position.

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Two- wheel drive models onlyÐThe TRAC
OFFº indicator light will come on when the
VSCº warning light comes on even if the
TRAC OFFº switch is not pushed.
(m) Low Tire Pressure Warning Light
This light warns that the tire inflation pres-
sure is critically low. The light comes on
when the ignition key is turned to the
ONº position. It goes off after a few sec-
onds. This indicates that the low tire pres-
sure warning system is functioning proper-
ly.
If the light comes on while driving, adjust
tire inflation pressure to the specified lev-
el. (See Tiresº on page 410 in Section 8.)
After the tire inflation pressure is adjusted,
push the tire pressure warning system re-
set switch for a few seconds and make
sure the warning light goes off. If the light
still remains or blinks once every second,
have the low tire pressure warning system
checked at your Toyota dealer.
If the light blinks twice every second, the
low tire pressure warning system needs to
be initialized.
For details, see Tire pressure warning
systemº on page 161 in Section 1- 7.(n) Low Windshield Washer Fluid Level
Warning Light
The light warns that the windshield washer
fluid level is too low. Add washer fluid at
your earliest opportunity. (For instructions,
see Adding washer fluidº on page 399 in
Section 7- 3.)
(o) Engine Oil Replacement Reminder
Light (for vehicles sold in U.S.A.)
This light acts as a reminder to replace
the engine oil.
This light will come on when the ignition
key is turned to ONº and will go off after
about a few seconds.
When you drive for about 7200 km (4500
miles) after the engine oil replacement,
this light illuminates for about 3 seconds
and then flashes for about 12 seconds
with the ignition key turned to the ONº
position. If you continue driving without
replacing the engine oil, and if the dis-
tance driven exceeds 8000 km (5000
miles), the light will come on after the
ignition key is turned to ONº position.
The light will remain on thereafter.
If the light is flashing, we recommend that
you replace the engine oil at an early
opportunity depending on the driving and
road conditions. If the light comes on,
replace it as soon as possible.The system must be reset after the en-
gine oil replacement. Reset the system by
the following procedure:
1. Turn the ignition key to the LOCKº
position with the odometer reading
shown. (For details, see Odometer and
two trip metersº on page 133 in this
Section.)
2. Turn the ignition key to the ONº posi-
tion while holding down the trip meter
reset knob.
Hold down the knob for at least 5 sec-
onds. The odometer indicates 000000º
and the light goes off.
If the system fails to reset, the light will
continue flashing.
(p) Key Reminder Buzzer
This buzzer acts as a reminder to remove
the key when you open the driver's door
with the ignition key in the ACCº or
LOCKº position.

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CHECKING SERVICE REMINDER
INDICATORS (except the low fuel level
warning light and low windshield
washer fluid level warning light)
1. Apply the parking brake.
2. Open one of the side doors or back
door.
The open door warning light should
come on.
3. Close the door.
The open door warning light should go
off.
4. Turn the ignition key to ONº, but do
not start the engine.
All the service reminder indicators ex-
cept the open door warning light should
come on. The ABSº and VSCº warn-
ing lights, low tire pressure warning
light and engine oil replacement re-
minder light go off after a few seconds.
The SRS warning light goes off after
about 6 seconds. (The TRAC OFFº
indicator light, slip indicator light, AIR-
BAG ONº indicator light and AIRBAG
OFFº indicator light also come on and
go off after a few seconds.)
If any service reminder indicator or warn-
ing buzzer does not function as described
above, have it checked by your Toyota
dealer as soon as possible.

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2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
BASIC INSPECTION
When the malfunction is not confirmed in the DTC check, troubleshooting should be carried out in all the
possible circuits considered as possible causes of the problem. In many cases, by carrying out the basic
engine check shown in the following flowchart, the problem can be found quickly and efficiently. Therefore,
using this check is essential in the engine troubleshooting.
1 CHECK BATTERY VOLTAGE
NOTICE:
Carry out the battery voltage check with the engine stopped and ignition switch OFF.
OKNG
Voltage11 V or moreLess than 11 V
NG CHARGE OR REPLACE BATTERY
OK
2 CHECK IF ENGINE WILL CRANK
NG PROCEED TO PROBLEM SYMPTOMS TABLE
ON PAGE 05-31
OK
3 CHECK IF ENGINE STARTS
NG Go to step 7
OK
4 CHECK AIR FILTER
Visually check if the air filter is contaminated with dirty or oily.
NG CLEAN OR REPLACE
OK
5 CHECK IDLE SPEED (See page 14-1)
NG PROCEED TO PROBLEM SYMPTOMS TABLE
ON PAGE 05-31
OK
6 CHECK FUEL PRESSURE (See page 11-4)
NG PROCEED TO PAGE 11-4 AND CONTINUE TO
TROUBLESHOOT
OK

05F2X-05
C81121D25472
SST
SST
- DIAGNOSTICSELECTRONIC CONTROLLED AUTOMATIC
TRANSAXLE [ECT] (U241E/U140F)05-891
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2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
HYDRAULIC TEST
1. PERFORM HYDRAULIC TEST
(a) Measure the line pressure.
NOTICE:

Perform the test at the normal operating ATF (Automatic Transmission Fluid) temperature 50
to 80°C (122 to 176°F).

The line pressure test should always be carried out in pairs. One technician should observe
the conditions of wheels or wheel stopper outside the vehicle while the other is doing the test.

Be careful to prevent SST's hose from interfering with the exhaust pipe.
(1) Warm up the ATF.
(2) Remove the test plug on the front side of the trans-
axle case and connect SST.
SST 09992-00095 (09992- 00231, 09992-00271)
(3) Fully apply the parking brake and chock the 4
wheels.
(4) Connect an OBD II scan tool or hand-held tester to
the DLC3.
(5) Start the engine and check idling speed.
(6) Keep your left foot pressing firmly on the brake ped-
al and shift into D position.
(7) Measure the line pressure when the engine is idling.
(8) Depress the accelerator pedal all the way down.
Quickly read the highest line pressure when engine
speed reaches stall speed.
(9) In the same way, do the test in R position.
Specified line pressure:
ConditionD position kPa (kgf / cm2, psi)R position kPa (kgf / cm2, psi)
Idling372 to 412 kPa
(3.8 to 4.2 kgf/cm2, 54 to 60 psi)
672 to 742 kPa
(6.9 to 7.6 kgf/cm2, 97 to 108 psi)
Stall test931 to 1,031 kPa
(9.5 to 10.5 kgf/cm2, 135 to 150 psi)
1,768 to 1,968 kPa
(18.0 to 20.0 kgf/cm2, 256 to 285 psi)
Evaluation:
ProblemPossible cause
If the measured values at all positions are higher
Line pressure control solenoid (SLT) defective

Regulator valve detective
If the measured values at all positions are lower

Line pressure control solenoid (SLT) defective

Regulator valve detective

Oil pump defective

U/D (Underdrive) direct clutch defective
If pressure is low in the D position only
D position circuit fluid leak

Forward clutch defective
If pressure is low in the R position only

R position circuit fluid leak

Direct clutch defective

1st and reverse brake defective

- DIAGNOSTICSSFI SYSTEM (2AZ-FE)
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2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
DTC P0016 CRANKSHAFT POSITION - CAMSHAFT
POSITION CORRELATION (BANK 1 SENSOR
A)
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
Refer to DTC P0335 and P0339 on page 05-166.
DTC No.DTC Detection ConditionTrouble Area
P0016Deviation in crankshaft position sensor signal and VVT sensor
(bank 1) signal (2 trip detection logic)
Mechanical system (jumped tooth of timing chain, chain
stretched)

ECM
MONITOR DESCRIPTION
The ECM optimizes the valve timing using the Variable Valve Timing (VVT) system to control the intake valve
camshaft. The VVT system includes the ECM, the Oil Control Valve (OCV) and the VVT controller. The ECM
sends a target duty-cycle control signal to the OCV. This control signal, sent to the OCV, regulates the oil
pressure applied to the VVT controller. The VVT controller can advance or retard the intake valve camshaft.
The ECM calibrates the valve timing of the VVT system by setting the camshaft to the maximum retard angle
when the engine is idling. The ECM closes the OCV to retard the cam. The ECM stores this value as a VVT
learning value. When the difference between the target valve timing and the actual valve timing is 5 degrees
or less, the ECM stores this in its memory.
If the learning value meets both of the following conditions (ºaº and ºbº), the ECM interprets this as a defect
in the VVT system and sets a DTC.
(a) The VVT learning value is less than 27CA or more than 49CA.
(b) The Above condition continues for more than 18 seconds.
MONITOR STRATEGY
Related DTCsP0016: Camshaft timing misalignment at Idling
Required sensors / components (Main)VVT actuator
Required sensors / components (Related)CMP and CKP sensors
Frequency of operationOnce per driving cycle
DurationWithin 60 sec.
MIL operation2 driving cycles
Sequence of operationNone
TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS
The monitor will run whenever this DTC is not presentSee page 05-16
Engine RPM550 to 1,400 rpm
TYPICAL MALFUNCTION THRESHOLDS
Duration that either of the following conditions 1 or 2 is met18 sec. or more
1. VVT angle when camshaft is retarded maximumLess than 27CA
2. VVT angle when camshaft is retarded maximumMore than 49CA
0520A-16

05ESJ-05
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192 Author
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2005 HIGHLANDER REPAIR MANUAL (RM1144U)
PART AND SYSTEM NAME LIST
This reference list indicates the part names used in this manual along with their definitions.
TOYOTA/LEXUS nameDefinition
Toyota HCAC system, Hydro-carbon Adsorptive Catalyst
(HCAC) system, HC adsorptive three-way catalystHC adsorptive three-way catalytic converter
Variable valve timing sensor, VVT sensorCamshaft position sensor
Variable valve timing system, VVT systemCamshaft timing control system
Camshaft timing oil control valve, Oil control valve, OCV,
VVT, VSVCamshaft timing oil control valve
Variable timing and lift, VVTLCamshaft timing and lift control
Crankshaft position sensor ºAºCrankshaft position sensor
Engine speed sensorCrankshaft position sensor
THAIntake air temperature
Knock control moduleEngine knock control module
Knock sensorEngine knock sensor
Mass or volume air flow circuitMass air flow meter circuit
Vacuum sensorManifold air pressure sensor
Internal control module, Control module, Engine control
ECU, PCMPower train control module
FC idleDeceleration fuel cut
Idle air control valveIdle speed control
CCV, Canister close valve VSV for canister controlEvaporative emissions canister vent valve
EVAP VSV, Vacuum switching valve assembly No. 1, EVAP
VSV, Purge VSVEvaporative emissions canister purge valve
VSV for pressure switching valve, Bypass VSVEvaporative emission pressure switching valve
Vapor pressure sensor, EVAP pressure sensor, Evaporative
emission control system pressure sensorFuel tank pressure sensor
Charcoal canisterEvaporative emissions canister
ORVR systemOn-board refueling vapor recovery system
Intake manifold runner controlIntake manifold tuning system
Intake manifold runner valve, IMRV, IACV (runner valve)Intake manifold tuning valve
Intake control VSVIntake manifold tuning solenoid valve
AFSAir fuel ratio sensor
O2 sensorHeater oxygen sensor
Oxygen sensor pumping current circuitOxygen sensor output signal
Oxygen sensor reference ground circuitOxygen sensor signal ground
Accel position sensorAccelerator pedal position sensor
Throttle actuator control motor, Actuator control motor, Elec-
tronic throttle motor, Throttle control motorElectronic throttle actuator
Electronic throttle control system, Throttle actuator control
systemElectronic throttle control system
Throttle/pedal position sensor, Throttle/pedal position switch,
Throttle position sensor/switchThrottle position sensor
Turbo press sensorTurbocharger pressure sensor
Turbo VSVTurbocharger pressure control solenoid valve
P/S pressure switchPower-steering pressure switch
VSV for ACMActive control engine mount
Speed sensor, Vehicle speed sensor ºAº, Speed sensor for
skid control ECUVehicle speed sensor
ATF temperature sensor, Trans. fluid temp. sensor, ATF
temperature sensor ºAºTransmission fluid temperature sensor
Electronic controlled automatic transmission, ECTElectronically controlled automatic
Intermediate shaft speed sensor ºAºCounter gear speed sensor