adding oil TOYOTA LAND CRUISER 1996 J80 Workshop Manual

EM0KR−04
−
ENGINE MECHANICAL COMPRESSION
EM−3
506
Author: Date:
1996 LAND CRUISER (RM451U)
COMPRESSION
INSPECTION
HINT:
If there is lack of power, excessive oil consumption or poor fuel
economy, measure the compression pressure.
1. WARM UP AND STOP ENGINE
Allow the engine to warm up to normal operating temperature.
2. DISCONNECT DISTRIBUTOR CONNECTOR
3. REMOVE SPARK PLUGS (See page IG−1 )
4. CHECK CYLINDER COMPRESSION PRESSURE
(a) Insert a compression gauge into the spark plug hole.
(b) Fully open the throttle.
(c) While cranking the engine, measure the compression pressure.
HINT:
Always use a fully charged battery to obtain engine speed of
250 rpm or more.
(d) Repeat steps (a) through (c) for each cylinder.
NOTICE:
This measurement must be done in as short a time as pos-
sible. Compression pressure:
1,176 kPa (12.0 kgf/cm
2, 171 psi) or more
Minimum pressure: 883 kPa (9.0 kgf/cm
2, 128 psi)
Difference between each cylinder:
98 kPa (1.0 kgf/cm
2, 14 psi) or less
If the cylinder compression in one or more cylinders is low, pour
a small amount of engine oil into the cylinder through the spark
plug hole and repeat steps (a) through (c) for cylinders with low
compression.
If adding oil helps the compression, it is likely that
the piston rings and/or cylinder bore are worn or
damaged.
If pressure stays low, a valve may be sticking or
seating is improper, or there may be leakage past
the gasket.
5. REINSTALL SPARK PLUGS (See page IG−1 )
6. RECONNECT DISTRIBUTOR CONNECTOR
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EXAMPLE: Connecting rod ”3” + Crankshaft ”1”= Total number 4 (Use bearing ”4”)
Number marked
Connecting rod
Crankshaft
Use bearing 123
2
2 22
3
3 3
3 3
4445 56
111
EM−86
−
ENGINE MECHANICAL CYLINDER BLOCK
1996 LAND CRUISER (RM451U)
(h) Install the connecting rod cap with the 2 nuts (See page EM−103 ).
NOTICE:
Do not turn the crankshaft.
(i) Remove the 2 nuts and connecting rod cap (See proce-
dure (b) and (c) above).
(j) Measure the Plastigage at its widest point. Standard oil clearance:
STD0.032 − 0.050 mm (0.0013 − 0.0020 in.)
U/S 0.250.033 − 0.073 mm (0.0013 − 0.0029 in.)
Maximum oil clearance: 0.10 mm (0.0039 in.)
If the oil clearance is greater than maximum, replace the bear-
ings. If necessary, grind or replace the crankshaft.
HINT:
If using a standard bearing, replace with one having the same
number. If the number of the bearing cannot be determined, se-
lect the correct bearing by adding together the numbers im-
printed on the connecting rod and crankshaft, then selecting
the bearing with the same number as the total. There are 5 sizes
of standard bearings, marked ”2”, ”3”, ”4”, ”5” and ”6” according-
ly.
Reference
Connecting rod big end inside diameter:
Mark ”1”60.526 − 60.532 mm (2.3829 − 2.3831 in.)
Mark ”2”60.532 − 60.538 mm (2.3831 − 2.3834 in.)
Mark ”3”60.538 − 60.544 mm (2.3834 − 2.3836 in.)
Crankshaft crank pin diameter:
Mark ”1”56.994 − 57.000 mm (2.2439 − 2.2441 in.)
Mark ”2”56.988 − 56.994 mm (2.2436 − 2.2439 in.)
Mark ”3”56.982 − 56.988 mm (2.2434 − 2.2436 in.)
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EXAMPLE: Cylinder block ”2” + Crankshaft ”1”= Total number 3 (Use bearing ”3”)
Number marked
Cylinder block
Crankshaft
Use bearing 123
2
2 22
3
3 3
3 3
4445 56
111
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ENGINE MECHANICAL CYLINDER BLOCK
EM−89
1996 LAND CRUISER (RM451U)
(j) Measure the Plastigage at its widest point.
Standard clearance:
STD0.042 − 0.060 mm (0.0017 − 0.0024 in.)
U/S 0.250.041 − 0.081 mm (0.0016 − 0.0032 in.)
Maximum clearance: 0.10 mm (0.0039 in.)
If the oil clearance is greater than maximum, replace the bear-
ings. If necessary, grind or replace the crankshaft.
HINT:
If using a standard bearing, replace with one having the same
number. If the number of the bearing cannot be determined, se-
lect the correct bearing by adding together the numbers im-
printed on the cylinder block and crankshaft, then selecting the
bearing with the same number as the total. There are 5 sizes
of standard bearings, marked ”2”, ”3”, ”4”, ”5” and ”6”\
accorking-
ly.
Reference
Cylinder block main journal bore diameter:
Mark ”1”74.026 − 74.032 mm (2.9144 − 2.9146 in.)
Mark ”2”74.032 − 74.038 mm (2.9146 − 2.9149 in.)
Mark ”3”74.038 − 74.044 mm (2.9149 − 2.9151 in.)
Crankshaft main journal diameter:
Mark ”1”68.994 − 69.000 mm (2.7163 − 2.7165 in.)
Mark ”2”68.988 − 68.994 mm (2.7161 − 2.7163 in.)
Mark ”3”68.982 − 68.988 mm (2.7158 − 2.7161 in.)
Standard bearing center wall thickness:
Mark ”2”2.489 − 2.492 mm (0.0980 − 0.0981 in.)
Mark ”2”2.492 − 2.495 mm (0.0981 − 0.0982 in.)
Mark ”3”2.495 − 2.498 mm (0.0982 − 0.0983 in.)
Mark ”4”2.498 − 2.501 mm (0.0983 − 0.0985 in.)
Mark ”5”2.501 − 2.504 mm (0.0985 − 0.0986 in.)
(k) Completely remove the Plastigage.
18. REMOVE CRANKSHAFT
(a) Lift out the crankshaft.
(b) Remove the upper main bearings and upper thrust wash-
ers from the cylinder block.
HINT:
Arrange the main bearings and thrust washers in correct order.
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