TOYOTA LAND CRUISER 1998 Factory Repair Manual

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6. DEFINITION OF TERMS
TermDefinition
Monitor descriptionDescription of what the ECM monitors and how it detects malfunctions (monitoring purpose and its details).
Related DTCsDiagnostic code
Typical enabling condition
Preconditions that allow the ECM to detect malfunctions.
With all preconditions satisfied, the ECM sets the DTC when the monitored value(s) exceeds the malfunction
threshold(s).
Sequence of operation
The priority order that is applied to monitoring, if multiple sensors and components are used to detect the malfunc-
tion.
While another sensor is being monitored, the next sensor or component will not be monitored until the previous
monitoring has concluded.
Required sensor/compo-
nentsThe sensors and components that are used by the ECM to detect malfunctions.
Frequency of operation
The number of times that the ECM checks for malfunctions per driving cycle.
ºOnce per driving cycleº means that the ECM detects malfunction only one time during a single driving cycle.
ºContinuousº means that the ECM detects malfunction every time when enabling condition is met.
DurationThe minimum time that the ECM must sense a continuous deviation in the monitored value(s) before setting a
DTC. This timing begins after the ºtypical enabling conditionsº are met.
Malfunction thresholdsBeyond this value, the ECM will conclude that there is a malfunction and set a DTC.
MIL operation
MIL illumination timing after a defect is detected.
ºImmediatelyº means that the ECM illuminates MIL the instant the ECM determines that there is a malfunction.
º2 driving cycleº means that the ECM illuminates MIL if the same malfunction is detected again in the 2nd driving
cycle.
7. TOYOTA/LEXUS PART AND SYSTEM NAME LIST
This reference list indicates the part names used in this manual along with their definitions.
TOYOTA/LEXUS nameDefinition
Toyota HCAC system, Hydrocarbon adsorptive Catalyst
(HCAC) system, HC adsorptive three-way catalystHC adsorptive three-way catalytic converter
Variable Valve Timing sensor, VVT sensorCamshaft position sensor
Variable valve timing system, VVT systemCamshaft timing control system
Camshaft timing oil control valve, Oil control valve OCV,
VVT, VSVCamshaft timing oil control valve
Variable timing and lift, VVTLCamshaft timing and lift control
Crankshaft position sensor ºAºCrankshaft position sensor
Engine speed sensorCrankshaft position sensor
THAIntake air temperature
Knock control moduleEngine knock control module
Knock sensorEngine knock sensor
Mass or volume air flow circuitMass air flow sensor circuit
Vacuum sensorManifold air pressure sensor
Internal control module, Control module, Engine control
ECU, PCMPower train control module
FC idleDeceleration fuel cut
Idle air control valveIdle speed control
VSV for CCV, Canister close valve VSV for canister controlEvaporative emissions canister vent valve
VSV for EVAP, Vacuum switching valve assembly No. 1,
EVAP VAV, Purge VSVEvaporative emissions canister purge valve
VSV for pressure switching valve, Bypass VSVEvaporative emission pressure switching valve
Vapor pressure sensor, EVAP pressure sensor, Evaporative
emission control system pressure sensorFuel tank pressure sensor
Charcoal canisterEvaporative emissions canister
ORVR systemOn-boad refueling vapor recovery system
Intake manifold runner controlIntake manifold tuning system
Intake manifold runner valve, IMRV, IACV (runner valve)Intake manifold tuning valve
Intake control VSVIntake manifold tuning solenoid valve

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AFSAir fuel ratio sensor
O2 sensorHeater oxygen sensor
Oxygen sensor pumping current circuitOxygen sensor output signal
Oxygen sensor reference ground circuitOxygen sensor signal ground
Accel position sensorAccelerator pedal position sensor
Throttle actuator control motor, Actuator control motor, Elec-
tronic throttle motor, Throttle control motorElectronic throttle actuator
Electronic throttle control system, Throttle actuator control
systemElectronic throttle control system
Throttle/pedal position sensor, Throttle/pedal position switch,
Throttle position sensor/switchThrottle position sensor
Turbo press sensorTurbocharger pressure sensor
Turbo VSVTurbocharger pressure control solenoid valve
P/S pressure switchPower-steering pressure switch
VSV for ACMActive control engine mount
Speed sensor, Vehicle speed sensor ºAº, Speed sensor for
skid control ECUVehicle speed sensor
ATF temperature sensor, Trans. fluid temp. sensor, ATF
temperature sensor ºAºTransmission fluid temperature sensor
Electronic controlled automatic transmission, ECTElectronically controlled automatic
Intermediate shaft speed sensor ºAºCounter gear speed sensor
Output speed sensorOutput shaft speed sensor
Input speed sensor, Input turbine speed sensor ºAº, Speed
sensor (NT), Turbine speed sensorInput turbine speed sensor
PNP switch, NSWPark/neutral position switch
Pressure control solenoidTransmission pressure control solenoid
Shift solenoidTransmission shift solenoid valve
Transmission control switch, Shift lock control unitShift lock control module
Engine immobilizer system, Immobilizer systemVehicle anti-theft system

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8. The monitor will run whenever the following DTCs are not present (Monitor disablement List)
HINT:
This table indicates ECM monitoring status for the items in the upper columns if the DTCs in each line on
the left are being set.
As for the ºXº mark, when the DTC on the left is stored, detection of the DTC in the upper column is not per-
formed.

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9. PROBLEM SYMPTOM CONFIRMATION
Taking into consideration the results of the customer problem analysis, try to reproduce the symptoms. If the
problem is that the transmission does not shift up, shift down, or the shift point is too high or too low, conduct
the following road test referring to the automatic shift schedule and simulate the problem symptoms.
10. ROAD TEST
NOTICE:
Perform the test at normal operating ATF temperature 50 to 80°C (122 to 176°F).
(a) D position test (NORM and PWR pattern):
Shift into the D position and fully depress the accelerator pedal and check the following points.
(1) Check up-shift operation.
Check that 1 " 2, 2 " 3, 3 " 4 and 4 " 5th up-shifts take place, and that the shift points conform
to the automatic shift schedule (See page SS-23).
HINT:

5th Gear Up-shift Prohibition Control (1. Coolant temp. is 55°C (131°F) or less. 2. Vehicle speed is
51 km/h (32 mph) or less.)

4th Gear Up-shift Prohibition Control (1. Coolant temp. is 40°C (104°F) or less. 2. Vehicle speed is
45 km/h (28 mph) or less.)

5th Gear Lock-up Prohibition Control (1. Brake pedal is depressed. 2. Coolant temp. is 60°C (140°F)
or less.)

When the 2nd start switch is on, there is no 1"2 up-shift and 2"1 down-shift.
(2) Check for shift shock and slip.
Check for shock and slip at the 1 " 2, 2 " 3, 3 " 4 and 4 " 5th up-shifts.
(3) Check for abnormal noises and vibration.
Drive in the D position lock-up or 5th gear and check for abnormal noises and vibration.
HINT:
The check for the cause of abnormal noises and vibration must be done very thoroughly as it could also be
due to loss of balance in the differential, torque converter clutch, etc.
(4) Check kick-down operation.
While running in the D position, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th gears, check that the possible kick-down
vehicle speed limits for 2 " 1, 3 " 2, 4 " 3 and 5th " 4 kick-downs conform to those indicated
on the automatic shift schedule (See page SS-23).
(5) Check abnormal shock and slip at kick-down.
(6) Check the lock-up mechanism.

Drive in D position 5th gear, at a steady speed (lock-up ON) of about 70 km/h (43 mph).

Lightly depress the accelerator pedal and check that the engine speed does not change
abruptly.
If there is a big jump in engine speed, there is no lock-up.
(b) 4 position test:
Shift into the 4 position and fully depress the accelerator pedal and check the following points.
(1) Check up-shift operation.
Check that the 1 " 2, 2 " 3 and 3 " 4 up-shift takes place and that the shift point conforms
to the automatic shift schedule (See page SS-23).
HINT:

There is no 5th up-shift in the 4 position.

4th Gear Lock-up Prohibition Control (1. Brake pedal is depressed. 2. Coolant temp. is 60°C (140°F)
or less.)

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(2) Check engine braking.
While driving in the 4 position and 4th gear, release the accelerator pedal and check the engine
braking effect.
(3) Check for abnormal noises during acceleration and deceleration, and for shock at up-shift and
down-shift.
(4) Check the lock-up mechanism.

Drive in 4 position 4th gear, at a steady speed (lock-up ON) of about 64 km/h (40 mph).

Lightly depress the accelerator pedal and check that the engine speed does not change
abruptly.
If there is a big jump in engine speed, there is no lock-up.
(c) 3 position test:
Shift into the 3 position and fully depress the accelerator pedal and check the following points.
(1) Check up-shift operation.
Check that the 1 " 2 and 2 " 3 up-shift takes place and that the shift point conforms to the auto-
matic shift schedule (See page SS-23).
(2) Check engine braking.
While running in the 3 position and 3rd gear, release the accelerator pedal and check the engine
braking effect.
(3) Check for abnormal noises during acceleration and deceleration, and for shock at up-shift and
down-shift.
(d) 2 position test:
Shift into the 2 position and fully depress the accelerator pedal and check the following points.
(1) Check up-shift operation.
Check that the 1 " 2 up-shift takes place and that the shift point conforms to the automatic shift
schedule (See page SS-23).
HINT:
When the 2nd start switch is ON, there is no 1 "2 up-shift and 2 "1 down-shift.
(2) Check engine braking.
While running in the 2 position and 2nd gear, release the accelerator pedal and check the engine
braking effect.
(3) Check for abnormal noises during acceleration and deceleration, and for shock at up-shift and
down-shift.
(e) L position test:
Shift into the L position and fully depress the accelerator pedal and check the following points.
(1) Check no up-shift.
While running in the L position, check that there is no up-shift to 2nd gear.
(2) Check engine braking.
While running in the L position, release the accelerator pedal and check the engine braking ef-
fect.
(3) Check for abnormal noises during acceleration and deceleration.
(f) R position test:
Shift into the R position, lightly depress the accelerator pedal, and check that the vehicle moves back-
ward without any abnormal noise or vibration.
CAUTION:
Before conducting this test ensure that the test area is free from people and obstruction.

D12640
D11985Control Shaft Lever
Loosen this nut
D07226
Neutral Basic line
Bolt
Groove
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(g) P position test:
Stop the vehicle on a grade (more than 5°) and after shifting into the P position, release the parking
brake. Then, check that the parking lock pawl holds the vehicle in place.
11. ADJUST SHIFT LEVER POSITION
When shifting the shift lever from the N position to other posi-
tions, check that the lever can be shifted smoothly and accu-
rately to each position and that the position indicator is not
aligned with the correct position.
If the indicator is not aligned with the correct position, carry out
the following adjustment procedures.
(a) Loosen the nut on the shift lever.
(b) Push the control shaft fully rearward.
(c) Return the control shaft lever 2 notches to N position.
(d) Set the shift lever to N position.
(e) While holding the shift lever lightly toward the R position
side, tighten the shift lever nut.
Torque: 13 N´m (130 kgf´cm, 9 ft´lbf)
(f) Start the engine and make sure that the vehicle moves
forward when shifting the lever from the N to D position
and reverses when shifting it to the R position.
12. ADJUST PARK/NEUTRAL POSITION SWITCH

Check that the engine can be started with the shift lever
only in the N or P position, but not in other positions.
If it is not as stated above, carry out the following adjustment
procedures.

Loosen the park/neutral position switch bolt and set
the shift lever to the N position.

Align the groove with neutral basic line.

Hold in position and tighten the bolt.
Torque: 13 N´m (130 kgf´cm, 9 ft´lbf)

For continuity inspection of the park/neutral position
switch, see page DI-394.
13. CHECK IDLE SPEED
Idle speed (In N position and air conditioner OFF):
700 ± 50 rpm

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14. MECHANICAL SYSTEM TESTS
(a) Measure the stall speed.
The object of this test is to check the overall performance of the transmission and engine by measuring
the stall speeds in the D and R positions.
NOTICE:

Do the test at normal operating fluid temperature 70 to 80 °C (158 to 176 °F).

Do not continuously run this test longer than 5 seconds.

To ensure safety, conduct this test in a wide, clear level area which provides good traction.

The stall test should always be carried out in pairs. One technician should observe the condi-
tions of wheels or wheel stoppers outside the vehicle while the other is doing the test.
(1) Chock all 4 wheels.
(2) Connect an OBD II scan tool or hand-held tester to DLC3.
(3) Fully apply the parking brake.
(4) Keep your left foot pressing firmly on the brake pedal.
(5) Start the engine.
(6) Shift into the D position. Press all the way down on the accelerator pedal with your right foot.
Quickly read the stall speed at this time.
Stall speed: 2,150 ± 150 rpm
(7) Do the same test in R position.
Stall speed: 2,150 ± 150 rpm
Evaluation:
ProblemPossible cause
(a) Engine stall speed low in D and R positions

Engine output may be insufficient

Stator one-way clutch is not operating properly
HINT: If the value is less than the specified value by 600 rpm or
more, the torque converter could be faulty.
(b) Engine stall speed high in D position

Line pressure too low

Clutch No. 1 (C
1) slipping

One-way clutch No.3 (F
3) not operating properly
(c) Engine stall speed high in R position

Line pressure too low

Brake No. 4 (B
4) slipping

Clutch No. 3 (C
3) slipping

One-way clutch No.1 (F
1) not operating properly
(d) Engine stall speed high in D and R positions
Line pressure too low

Improper fluid level