engine TOYOTA LAND CRUISER 2001 Owner's Manual

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126
Active traction control system indicator
light
The active traction control system auto-
matically helps control the spinning of
4 wheels which may occur when accel-
erating on slippery road surfaces, by
controlling the output of the brake and
engine. Thus, the system assists driver
to control the driving power of 4
wheels. When you turn the ignition
switch on, the active traction control
system always turns on automatically,
and the active traction control indicator
light will come on. The indicator light
will go off after a few seconds. When active traction control is applied,
the active traction control system indi-
cator light blinks.
You may hear a sound in the engine
compartment for a few seconds when the
engine is started or just after the vehicle
is started. This means that the active
traction control system is in the self
−
check mode, and does not indicate mal-
function. When the active traction control
system is operating, you may feel vibra-
tion or noise of your vehicle, caused by
operation of the brakes. This indicates the
system is functioning properly.
When getting the vehicle out of mud or
new snow, etc. the active traction control
system will help operate to prevent the
wheels from spinning.Active traction control system failure
warning
This light warns when there is a problem
somewhere in the active traction control
system.
If the “VSC/TRAC” warning light comes
on, have your vehicle checked by your
Toyota dealer as soon as possible.
Active traction control system

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The vehicle skid control system helps
provide comprehensive control of sys-
tems such as anti −lock brake, traction
control, engine control, etc. This sys-
tem automatically controls the output of
the brakes or engine to help prevent
the vehicle from skidding under adverse
conditions.
When you turn the ignition switch on, the
slip indicator light will come on. The slip
indicator light will go off after a few sec-
onds. If the vehicle is going to skid during driv-
ing, the slip indicator light flashes and an
alarm sounds intermittently.
The vehicle skid control system activates
when the vehicle speed is more than the
following speed. Four
−wheel drive control lever in “H”
15 km/h (9 mph)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Four −wheel drive control lever in “L”
30 km/h (19 mph)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
You may hear a sound in the engine
compartment for a few seconds when the
engine is started or just after the vehicle
is started. This means that the vehicle
skid control is in the self −check mode and
does not indicate a malfunction.Pushing the center differential lock button
automatically turns the vehicle skid control
system off. At this time, the “VSC OFF”
indicator comes on with the center differ-
ential lock indicator light. (For details, see
“Four −wheel drive system—(a)Four −wheel
drive control” in this section.)
Vehicle skid control system

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Cigarette lighter and ashtray
CIGARETTE LIGHTER
To use the cigarette lighter, press it in.
When it becomes heated, it automatical-
ly pops out ready for use.
If the engine is not running, the key must
be in the ”ACC” position.
Do not hold the cigarette lighter pressed
in.
Use a Toyota genuine cigarette lighter or
equivalent for replacement.
ASHTRAY
To use the ashtray, pull it out.
When finished with your cigarette, thor-
oughly extinguish it in the ashtray to pre-
vent other cigarette butts from catching
fire. After using the ashtray, push it back
in completely.
To remove the ashtray, press down on the
lock spring plate and pull out.
CAUTION
To reduce the chance of injury in
case of an accident or sudden stop
while driving, always close the ash-
tray completely after using.
Power outlets
The power outlets are designed for
power supply for car accessories. To
use them, open the lids as shown in
the following illustrations.
The key must be in the ”ACC” or ”ON”
position to be used.
NOTICE

To prevent the fuse from being
blown, do not use the electricity
over the total vehicle capacity of
12V/120W (all the outlets together).
To prevent the battery from being
discharged, do not use the power
outlets longer than necessary when
the engine is not running.
Close the power outlet lids when
the power outlets are not in use.
Inserting a foreign object other than
plug that fits the outlet, or pouring
juice or other liquid into the outlet
may cause troubles or short cir-
cuits.

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174 INFORMATION BEFORE DRIVING
YOUR TOYOTA
Off
−road vehicle precautions175
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Break −in period176
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fuel176
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operation in foreign countries178
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Three −way catalytic converter179
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Engine exhaust cautions180
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facts about engine oil consumption181
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iridium −tipped spark plugs182
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brake system183
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brake pad wear limit indicators186
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Luggage stowage precautions187
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rear step bumper188
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Limited −slip differential188
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Your Toyota’s identification188
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Theft prevention labels189
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Suspension and chassis190
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Types of tires190
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION
2

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176
When driving off −road or in rugged
terrain, do not drive at excessive
speeds, jump, make sharp turns,
strike objects, etc. This may cause
loss of control or vehicle rollover
causing death or serious injury.
You are also risking expensive dam-
age to your vehicle’s suspension
and chassis.
Do not drive horizontally across
steep slopes. Driving straight up or
straight down is preferred. Your
vehicle (or any similar off −road ve-
hicle) can tip over sideways much
more easily than forward or back-
ward.
Break −in period
Drive gently and avoid high speeds.
Your vehicle does not need an elaborate
break −in. But following a few simple tips
for the first 1600 km (1000 miles) can add
to the future economy and long life of
your vehicle:
Do not drive over 88 km/h (55 mph).
Run the engine at moderate speed be-
tween 2000 and 4000 rpm.
Avoid full −throttle starts.
Try to avoid hard stops during the first
300 km (200 miles).
Do not drive for a long time at any
single speed, either fast or slow.
Do not tow a trailer during the first 800
km (500 miles). Fuel
FUEL TYPE
Your new vehicle must use only un-
leaded gasoline.
To help prevent gas station mix
−ups, your
Toyota has a smaller fuel tank opening.
The special nozzle on pumps with un-
leaded fuel will fit it, but the larger stan-
dard nozzle on pumps with leaded gas will
not.
At a minimum, the gasoline you use
should meet the specifications of ASTM
D4814 in the U.S.A. and CGSB 3.5 −M93
in Canada.
NOTICE
Do not use leaded gasoline. Use of
leaded gasoline will cause the three −
way catalytic converter to lose its ef-
fectiveness, the emission control sys-
tem to function improperly, and dam-
age to the engine. Also, this can in-
crease maintenance costs.

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OCTANE RATING
Select Octane Rating 91 (Research Oc-
tane Number 96) or higher for optimum
engine performance. However, if such
premium type cannot be obtained, you
may temporarily use unleaded gasoline
with an Octane Rating as low as 87
(Research Octane Number 91).
Use of unleaded gasoline with an octane
rating or research octane number lower
than stated above will cause persistent
heavy knocking. If it is severe, this will
lead to engine damage.
If your engine knocks...
If you detect heavy knocking even when
using the recommended fuel, or if you
hear steady knocking while holding a
steady speed on level roads, consult your
Toyota dealer.
However, now and then, you may notice
light knocking for a short time while accel-
erating or driving up hills. This is no need
of concern.
GASOLINE CONTAINING DETERGENT
ADDITIVES
Toyota recommends the use of gasoline
that contains detergent additives to
avoid build
−up of engine deposits.
However, all gasoline sold in the U.S.
contains detergent additives to keep clean
and/or clean intake systems.
QUALITY GASOLINE
Automotive manufacturers in the U.S.,
Europe and Japan have developed a
specification for quality fuel named
World −Wide Fuel Charter (WWFC) that
is expected to be applied world wide.
The WWFC consists of three categories
that depend on required emission lev-
els. In the U.S., category 3 has been
adopted. The WWFC improves air quali-
ty by providing for better emissions in
vehicle fleets, and customer satisfaction
through better vehicle performance.
CLEANER BURNING GASOLINE
Cleaner burning gasoline, including re-
formulated gasoline that contains oxy-
genates such as ethanol or MTBE is
available in many areas. Toyota recommends the use of cleaner
burning gasoline and appropriately blended
reformulated gasoline. These types of gas-
oline provide excellent vehicle perfor-
mance, reduce vehicle emissions, and im-
prove air quality.
OXYGENATES IN GASOLINE
Toyota allows the use of oxygenate
blended gasoline where the oxygenate
content is up to 10% ethanol or 15%
MTBE. If you use gasohol in your Toyota,
be sure that it has an octane rating no low-
er than 87.
Toyota does not recommend the use of
gasoline containing methanol.
SULFUR IN GASOLINE
If your vehicle is certified to California
Emission Regulation, the vehicle is de-
signed to operate on California cleaner
burning gasoline (CBG) that contains
lower sulfur. If you cannot use Califor-
nia CBG, your emission control system
may suffer damage and turn on the
Malfunction Indicator Lamp.
If the malfunction is caused by the type
of fuel used, repairs may not be covered
by your warranty.

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Three
−way catalytic converter
The three −way catalytic converter is the
emission control devices installed in
the exhaust system.
Its purpose is to reduce pollutants in the
exhaust gas.
CAUTION
Keep people and combustible
materials away from the exhaust
pipe while the engine is running.
The exhaust gas is very hot.
Do not idle or park your vehicle
over anything that might burn
easily such as grass, leaves, pa-
per or rags.
NOTICE
A large amount of unburned gases
flowing into the three −way catalytic
converter may cause it to overheat
and create a fire hazard. To prevent
this and other damage, observe the
following precautions: Use only unleaded gasoline.
Do not drive with an extremely low
fuel level; running out of fuel could
cause the engine to misfire, creat-
ing an excessive load on the three −
way catalytic converter.
Do not allow the engine to run at
idle speed for more than 20 min-
utes.
Avoid racing the engine.
Do not push −start or pull −start your
vehicle.
Do not turn off the ignition while
the vehicle is moving.
Keep your engine in good running
order. Malfunctions in the engine
electrical system, electric ignition
system or fuel system could cause
an extremely high three −way cata-
lytic converter temperature.
If the engine becomes difficult to
start or stalls frequently, take your
vehicle in for a check −up as soon
as possible. Remember, your Toyota
dealer knows your vehicle and its
three −way catalytic converter sys-
tem best.

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180
To ensure that the three −way cata-
lytic converter and the entire emis-
sion control system operate proper-
ly, your vehicle must receive the
periodic inspections required by the
Toyota Maintenance Schedule. For
scheduled maintenance information,
refer to the ”Scheduled Maintenance
Guide” or ”Owner ’s Manual Supple-
ment”.
Engine exhaust cautions
CAUTION
Avoid inhaling the engine ex-
haust. It contains carbon monox-
ide, which is a colorless and
odorless gas. It can cause un-
consciousness or even death.
Make sure the exhaust system
has no holes or loose connec-
tions. The system should be
checked from time to time. If you
hit something, or notice a
change in the sound of the ex-
haust, have the system checked
immediately.
Do not run the engine in a ga-
rage or enclosed area except for
the time needed to drive the ve-
hicle in or out. The exhaust
gases cannot escape, making
this a particularly dangerous situ-
ation.
Do not remain for a long time in
a parked vehicle with the engine
running. If it is unavoidable, how-
ever, do so only in an uncon-
fined area and adjust the heating
or cooling system to force out-
side air into the vehicle.

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Keep the back door and quarter
windows closed while driving. An
open or unsealed back door and
quarter windows may cause ex-
haust gases to be drawn into the
vehicle.
To allow proper operation of your
vehicle’s ventilation system, keep
the inlet grilles in front of the
windshield clear of snow, leaves,
or other obstructions.
If you smell exhaust fumes in
the vehicle, drive with the win-
dows open and the back door
closed. Have the cause immedi-
ately located and corrected.FUNCTIONS OF ENGINE OIL
Engine oil has the primary functions of
lubricating and cooling the inside of the
engine, and plays a major role in main-
taining the engine in proper working order.
ENGINE OIL CONSUMPTION
It is normal that an engine should con-
sume some engine oil during normal
engine operation. The causes of oil
consumption in a normal engine are as
follows.
Oil is used to lubricate pistons, piston
rings and cylinders. A thin film of oil
is left on the cylinder wall when a pis-
ton moves downwards in the cylinder.
High negative pressure generated when
the vehicle is decelerating sucks some
of this oil into the combustion chamber.
This oil as well as some part of the oil
film left on the cylinder wall is burned
by the high temperature combustion
gases during the combustion process.
Oil is also used to lubricate the stems
of the intake valves. Some of this oil
is sucked into the combustion chamber
together with the intake air and is
burned along with the fuel. High tem-
perature exhaust gases also burn the
oil used to lubricate the exhaust valve
stems.
The amount of engine oil consumed de-
pends on the viscosity of the oil, the
quality of the oil and the conditions the
vehicle is driven under.
More oil is consumed by high −speed driv-
ing and frequent acceleration and decel-
eration.
A new engine consumes more oil, since
its pistons, piston rings and cylinder walls
have not become conditioned.
When judging the amount of oil con-
sumption, note that the oil may become
diluted and make it difficult to judge
the true level accurately.
Facts about engine oil
consumption

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182
As an example, if a vehicle is used for
repeated short trips, and consumes a nor-
mal amount of oil, the dipstick may not
show any drop in the oil level at all, even
after 1000 km (600 miles) or more. This
is because the oil is gradually becoming
diluted with fuel or moisture, making it
appear that the oil level has not changed.
The diluting ingredients evaporate out
when the vehicle is then driven at high
speeds, as on an expressway, making it
appear that oil is excessively consumed
after driving at high speeds.
IMPORTANCE OF ENGINE OIL LEVEL CHECK
One of the most important points in prop-
er vehicle maintenance is to keep the en-
gine oil at the optimum level so that oil
function will not be impaired. Therefore, it
is essential that the oil level be checked
regularly. Toyota recommends that the oil
level be checked every time you refuel
the vehicle.
NOTICE
Failure to check the oil level regularly
could lead to serious engine trouble
due to insufficient oil.
For detailed information on oil level check,
see ”Checking the engine oil level” in Sec-
tion 7
−2.
Your engine is fitted with iridium −tipped
spark plugs.
NOTICE
Use only iridium −tipped spark plugs
and do not adjust gaps for your en-
gine performance and smooth drivabil-
ity.
Iridium −tipped spark plugs