ESP VOLKSWAGEN TRANSPORTER 2014 Repair Manual

The Hill Hold Assist function will be deactivated immediately:
Manual gearbox I DSG® dual clutch gearbox
1. As soon as one of the conditions indicated on page 284, The Hill Hold Assist function is automati-cally activated if the following conditions are met is not fulfilled.
2. If the vehicle does not pull away within 2 seconds.
3. If the engine is not running smoothly or there is an engine fault.
4. If the engine is switched off or has stalled. I If the engine is switched off.
Hill Descent Assist
Fig. 228 In the centre console: button for switch-ing the Hill Descent Assist on and off.
l"'""'('n First read and observe the Introductory L-W.I Information and safety warnings & on page 282.
The Hill Descent Assist system supports
the driver when driving down a steep in-
cline by actively braking the vehicle.
The Hill Descent Assist reduces the engine speed and brakes actively so that the vehicle travels con-stantly at walking speed =>&.
The requirement for regulation is, among other things, that the ground allows enough grip. The Hill Descent Assist system cannot fulfil its function when driving down an icy or slippery slope.
Hill Descent Assist is regulating
• If the Hill Descent Assist is switched on using the button and the indicator lamp lights up.
• AND: the speed is less than 30 km/h (19 mph).
• AND: the gradient is at least 10%.
• AND: if the accelerator and brake are not de-pressed.
• AND: if the engine is running.
Regulation is stopped if the vehicle is accelerated or braked by the driver during regulation. The regu-lation restarts once the requirements are met again.
Hill Descent Assist does not regulate
• If the gradient is less than 10%.
• OR: The speed is greater than 30 km/h (19 mph).
• OR: If the driver brakes or accelerates.
A WARNING
Always be prepared to brake the vehicle. Ac-cidents and Injuries could occur if this is not ensured.
• The Hill Descent Assist system is only a support function and may not be able to brake the vehicle sufficiently In all situations when driving downhill.
• The vehicle may accelerate despite the Hill Descent Assist system.
Switching the Hill Descent Assist on and off
• To switch the Hill Descent Assist on, press the @=>Fig. 228 button in the centre console at speeds under approximately 30 km/h (19 mph). The indicator in the instrument cluster dis-play lights up. The indicator lamp flashes when the Hill Descent Assist system is applying the brake.
r::l The Hill Descent Assist system also works if W you reverse down a slope. • Press the button@ =>Fig. 228 in centre con-sole again to switch off the Hill Descent Assist. The indicator lamp in the instrument cluster display is switched off.
Driver assist systems 285

Rear axle differential lock
OSG-0041
Fig. 229 On the dash panel: button for rear axle differential lock
i""('n First read and observe the introductory information and safety warnings & on page 282.
If the rear-axle differential lock is switched on, the vehicle has better traction on difficult ground and
Switching the rear axle differential lock on
and off
• To switch the rear axle differential lock on, press the 229 button on the dash panel at speeds under approximately 45 krnlh (28 mph) The indicator lamp r. lights up in the instru-ment cluster.
• Press button , Fig. 229 in dash panel again to switch off the rear-axle differential lock. The indica-tor lamp r. in the instrument cluster goes out.
If the engine is switched off with the rear axle dif-ferential lock switched on, the rear axle differential lock remains switched on for roughly another 30 seconds.
Not switching the rear axle differential lock on
• If you are driving on well-surfaced roads &.
• If the vehicle is being towed.
• If the brakes are being tested on a rolling road test bed.
286 I While dnving
Rear-axle differential lock cannot be switched on
The rear axle differential lock cannot be switched on in the following situations:
• if there is a large difference in the speed of ro-tation of the rear wheels
• if the drive train is loaded heavily
• If the mechanical teeth of the rear-axle differen-tial lock are '1ooth to tooth": the indicator light r. in the instrument cluster flashes.
A WARNING
Never switch the rear axle differential lock on If you are driving on a solid road surface, the vehicle is being towed or if the tyres have no traction.
• Your steering will be greatly Impaired when the rear axle differential lock has been switched on. This could mean that you lose control over the vehicle and cause serious In-juries.
CD
Switching the rear axle differential lock on while being towed can damage the drive train.
m If the rear axle differential lock is switched off W when driving through a bend, this may cause a small shudder to go through the vehicle. This is caused by the release of wind-up in the drive train. This is normal and is not a indication of damage to the vehicle.
m If you drive through bends with the rear axle W differential lock switched on, the wheels "rub" on the road surface. You might be able to hear this. The ''rubbing" of the tyres -especially on solid ground -will lead to increased wear on the tyres.

CD
• In some cases water and ice on the ultra-sound sensors could be registered as an ob-struction.
• Any equipment that has been retrofitted to the vehicle, e.g. bicycle carriers or number plate holders, can prevent the ParkPIIot from fu nctlonlng properly.
m Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles recom-L!J mends that drivers practise using the ParkPi-lot in a traffic-calmed area or car park to allow them to familiarise themselves with the system and its functions.
ParkPilot only at rear
,....-m First read and observe the introductory L-J.:.I.I Information and safety warnings & on page 287.
Switching ParkPilot on and off
m If an ultrasound sensor fails, the correspond-L!J ing area of the ultrasound sensor cluster is switched off and cannot be reactivated until the fault has been rectified (depending on the equip-ment level). Consult a qualified workshop in the event of a system fault. Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles recommends using a Volkswagen Com-mercial Vehicles dealership for this purpose. The Park Pilot uses ultrasound sensors to deter-mine the distance between the rear bumper and an obstacle. There are 4 ParkPilot ultrasound sensors in the rear bumper (arrows).
Function What to do when the Ignition Is switched on
Switching on the ParkPilot:
Switching off the ParkPilot:
Switching off the ParkPilot display manually (sound output remains active)
Switching to the rear view camera system picture as required
Select reverse gear or move the selector lever to position R.
Deselect the reverse gear or selector lever position R. If the ParkPilot screen display is activated, the ParkPilot is switched off approximately 10 seconds after the reverse gear has been disengaged or the selector lever has been moved out of the R position.
OR: (depending on the equipment level) immediately after shifting out of re-verse gear, or selector lever position R, with an inactive ParkPilot screen dis-play.
OR: accelerate forwards to a speed greater than approximately 1 0-15 km/ h (6-9 mph).
Press a button, e.g.(RADIOl. on the factory-fitted radio or navigation system.
OR: touch the 0 function button.
Select reverse gear or move the selector lever to position R.
OR: touch the button.
Special features of ParkPilot • No acoustic signal is given in vehicles with a dual clutch gearbox DSG® if the selector lever is in position P. • In some cases, the ParkPilot registers water and ice on the ultrasound sensors as an obstacle.
• The acoustic warning will become quieter after a few seconds if the distance remains the same. The volume will remain constant if the signal tone is continuous.
• The intermittent signal tone switches off auto-matically as soon as the vehicle moves away from an obstacle again. If the vehicle approaches the obstacle again, the acoustic warning is switched on automatically.
288 I While driving
• The ParkPilot ultrasound sensors cannot be switched on if the factory-fitted towing bracket is electrically connected to the trailer.
• A Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles dealership can adjust the volume of the acoustic warning sig-

Special features of ParkPilot
• In some cases, the ParkPilot registers water and ice on the ultrasound sensors as an obstacle.
• The acoustic warning will become quieter after a few seconds if the distance remains the same. The volume will remain constant if the signal tone is continuous.
• The intermittent signal tone switches off auto-matically as soon as the vehicle moves away from an obstacle again. If the vehicle approaches the obstade again, the acoustic warning is switched on automatically.
• No acoustic signal is given in vehicles with a dual clutch gearbox DSG® if the selector lever is in position P.
ParkPilot signal tones and displays
Fig. 232 ParkPilot screen display (colour display).
r--f"'n First read and observe the introductory L-.I=.U Information and safety warnings & on page 287.
Key to diagram
Fig. 232 Meaning
® Monitored area behind the vehide.
® Scanned area in front of the vehicle.
l J
•
0
•
290 I
The yellow segment represents an obstacle in the vehicle's path.
Red segment depicts an obstacle close to the vehicle.
The grey segment represents an obstacle outside of the vehicle's path.
Black segment depicts an obstacle (monochrome display).
While droving
• The rear ultrasound ParkPilot sensors cannot be switched on if the factory-fitted towing bracket is electrically connected to the trailer.
• A Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles dealership can adjust the volume of the acoustic warning sig-nals.
CD
Failure to observe the illuminated text messag-es can lead to the vehicle being damaged. The areas to the front and rear of the vehicle that are scanned by ultrasound sensors are shown on the screen of the factory-fitted radio or navigation system. The positions of potential obstacles are displayed relative to the vehicle &.
The areas to the front (only with ParkPilot front and rear) and rear of the vehicle are fully scanned by the ultrasound sensors.
Acoustic signals and screen
Acoustic signals are given when the vehicle ap-proaches an obstacle located in the range of the ultrasound sensors. An intermittent signal tone is given if a sufficiently short distance between the vehicle and an obstacle is detected. The shorter the distance, the shorter the intervals. The signal tone will sound continuously if the obstacle is very close.
If you continue to drive the vehide closer to the ob-sta de despite the continuous signal tone, the sys-tem will no longer be able to measure the distance.
With some vehicle equipment levels the scanned areas may be displayed as several segments in a display. The closer the vehicle drives lowards an obstacle, the closer the segment will move to the vehicle in the display. The collision area has been reached when the penultimate segment is dis-played, if not before. Do not drive onl .,..

Vehicles with ParkPilot at the front and rear
Segment colour if an
Area of the vehicle Distance of the vehicle Acoustic sig-obstacle has been de-from an obstacle nal tected (colour display only)
® Rear centre approx. 31 -160 cm
Rear side approx. 31 -60 cm Intermittent Yellow
® Front centre approx. 31 -120 cm tone
Front side approx. 31 -60 cm
@and@ Obstacle close approx. 0 -30 cm Constant tone Red to the vehicle8)
•) The distance range for the constant lone to the rear of the vehicle is slightly larger for vehicles w1th a factory-filled towing bracket.
When towing a trailer
In vehicles with a factory-fitted towing bracket and a trailer connected via the vehicle electrics, a cor-responding display appears on the screen of the factory-fitted radio or navigation system, depend-ing on the vehicle equipment level. The distance behind the vehicle will then no longer be shown.
Muting the ParkPilot signal tones
The acoustic signals for the ParkPilot can be mut-ed by touching the @function button on the screen (in colour display only). Touch the function button again to switch the acoustic signals back on.
Reversing camera (Rear Assist)
o:n Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
General information ..................... . Camera.
292 293
Operating the rear view camera system . . . . . 294
....................... 2%
The reversing camera (Rear Assist)
makes it easier for the driver to see be-
hind the vehicle when parking or revers-
ing.
A camera in the tailgate 233 helps the driver when reverse parking or manoeuvring the vehicle. The camera picture and the orientation lines pro-jected by the system are displayed on the screen of the factory-fitted radio or navigation system.
The mute setting will be cancelled if the ParkPilot system is switched off and on again. Error warn-ings cannot be switched off.
If the ParkPilot display has been switched off man-ually and ParkPilot remains active, the mute set-ting is also cancelled.
A WARNING
Do not allow the Images shown on the screen to distract you from the traffic around you.
m it can take a few seconds for the acoustic or W optical signals to be given. The functions and displays of the rear view camera system may differ between vehicles, depending on whether or not they are fitted with ParkPilot.
Additional information and warnings:
• Exterior views =>page 5
• ParkPilot 287
• Accessories, modifications, repairs and renewal of parts 394
• Radio or navigation system Radio, provision for mobile telephone, infotainment sys-tem, navigation system
A WARNING
Using the rear view camera system to esti-mate the distance from obstacles (people, ve-hicles etc.) Is Inaccurate and could cause ac-cidents and severe injuries. 11>
Driver assist systems I 291

When the highest level is reached, the distance re-turns to the lowest level when the button is press-ed again.
The distance level can also be set using the Q or Q buttons on the multifunction steering wheel im-mediately after the(!) button on the multifunction steering Fig. 241 has been pressed.
Select the Settings menu, Assist systems submenu, ACC to set the distance to be used when the ACC is switched on 24.
Setting the gearbox programme
The acceleration response can be influenced by the gearbox programme selected. The programme can be set Using the ACC option in the Assistant submenu in the Settings menu. The following gearbox programmes can be selected:
• Normal
• Sport
• Eco
The following conditions can prevent the adaptive cruise control (ACC) from reacting:
• If the accelerator is depressed.
• If no gear is selected.
• If the ESC is taking corrective action.
• If there is a fault in several brake lights on the vehicle or on a trailer with an electrical connection to the vehicle.
• If the vehicle is reversing.
• System version 1: if the vehicle is travelling faster than approximately 160 km/h (1 00 m ph).
• System version 2: if the vehicle is travelling faster than approximately 210 km/h (130 mph).
A WARNING
If you do not maintain the minimum distance to a vehicle In front and the difference In speed between the two vehicles is so great that the braking action of the adaptive cruise control (ACC) is insufficient, you are In dan-ger of colliding with the vehicle in front. You should reduce the vehicle speed immediately with the foot brake.
• The adaptive cruise control (ACC) may not be able to detect all driving situations cor-rectly.
• Leaving your foot on the accelerator means that the adaptive cruise control (ACC) will not brake automatically. This is because manual acceleration overrides the system.
• You should always be prepared to brake the vehicle yourself.
• Observe country-specific regulations re-garding the minimum distance.
m The set speed will be deleted if the ignition or L!.J the adaptive cruise control (ACC) is switched off.
m The adaptive cruise control (ACC) is auto-L!.J matically deactivated when the traction con-trol system (TCS) is deactivated.
m In vehicles with a start/stop system, the en-L!.J gine is switched off automatically during the stationary phase of adaptive cruise control (ACC) and is then restarted for moving off. Switch off the adaptive cruise control (ACC) temporarily in the following
situations
1""111 First read and observe the introductory L-J,:.IJ Information and safety warnings & on page 298.
The adaptive cruise control (ACC) should be switched off in the following situations due to sys-tem limitations &:
304 I While driving
• When turning off roads, driving around round-abouts, narrow curves, joining motorways, exiting from motorways or driving through road works, to prevent the vehicle from unnecessarily accelerat-ing to the set speed in these situations
• When driving through a tunnel as this situation could impair the system function.
• On roads with more than one lane, if other vehi-cles are driving more slowly in the fast lane. The slower vehicles In the other lane would be overtak-en from the right side in this case.
• In heavy rain, snow or spray as vehicles travel-ling ahead cannot be monitored sufficiently or maybe cannot be monitored at all. .,.

Acceleration can be stopped at any time by de-pressing the brake pedal or pressing the(@ or @ button on the multifunction steering wheel 302.
When driving through bends
While driving through bends, the radar sensor may sometimes lose the vehicle travelling ahead or may react to a vehicle in the next lane 242 !Al. In such situations, the vehicle might decelerate unnecessarily or not react to the vehicle in front. In this case the driver must override the adaptive cruise control (ACC) by depressing the accelerator, or interrupt the braking procedure by depressing the brake pedal or pressing or @ button on the multifunction steering wheel 302.
Driving in tunnels
The radar sensor function may be restricted in tun-nels. Switch off the adaptive cruise control (ACC) in tunnels.
Narrow vehicles and a zig-zag traffic situation
Narrow vehicles and vehicles travelling slightly to the left or right of your vehicle will only be recog-nised by the radar sensor once they have entered the radar range 242@ This applies in par-ticular to narrow vehicles such as motorbikes. If re-quired, brake the vehicle yourself.
Vehicles with special load or special equipment
Any load or accessories on other vehicles that pro-trude from the side, rear or over the roof of the ve-hicle may not be detected by the adaptive cruise control (ACC) .
Switch off the adaptive cruise control (ACC) when the vehicle ahead has special load or special equipment, or while overtaking vehicles of this kind. If required. brake the vehicle yourself.
When other vehicles change lanes
Vehicles that are very close when they move into your lane can only be detected by the radar sen-sors when they have moved into the sensor range. This means that the adaptive cruise control (ACC) may have a delayed reaction =>Fig. 243@]. If re-quired, brake the vehicle yourself.
Stationary vehicles
The adaptive cruise control (ACC) does not detect stationary objects during a journey, e.g. stationary traffic or a vehicle that has broken down.
306 I While driving
If a stationary vehicle is hidden behind a vehicle that has been detected by the adaptive cruise con-trol (ACC) and this vehicle turns off the road or changes lane, the adaptive cruise control (ACC) will not be able to react to the stationary vehicle 243 [Q]. If required, brake the vehicle your-self.
Oncoming vehicles and vehicles crossing your path
The adaptive cruise control (ACC) does not react to approaching vehicles or vehicles crossing your path.
Metal objects
Metal objects, such as tracks in the road or metal plates used in roadworks, can confuse the radar sensor and cause incorrect reactions from the adaptive cruise control (ACC) .
Possible radar sensor function impairments
The adaptive cruise control (ACC) will switch off temporarily if the radar sensor function is impaired, e.g. due to heavy rain, spray, snow, ice or mud. A corresponding message will appear on the instru-ment cluster display. Clean the radar sensors as required.
The adaptive cruise control (ACC) will automatical-ly be available again as soon as the radar sensors are no longer impaired. The message on the in-strument cluster display goes out, and the adaptive cruise control (ACC) can be reactivated.
Strong reflected radiation of the radar signal, e.g. in multi-storey car parks, can impair the function of the radar sensor.
Towing a trailer
The adaptive cruise control (ACC) operates with reduced dynamics when the vehicle is towing a trailer.
Overheated brakes
If the brakes overheat, e.g. following heavy braking or when driving down steep inclines for long peri-ods, the adaptive cruise control (ACC) may be de-activated temporarily. A corresponding message will appear on the instrument cluster display. lt is then not possible to activate the adaptive cruise control (ACC).
As soon as the temperature of the brakes has de-creased sufficiently, the adaptive cruise control (ACC) can be activated again. The message on the instrument cluster display goes out. If the mes-sage ACC not ava i 1 able does not go out for a long time, there is a fault. Go to a qualified work-shop. Volkswagen recommends using a Volkswa-gen dealership for this purpose.

Area monitoring system (Front Assist)
COJ Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
Displays . . . . . . . . . 308
Radar sensor . . 309
Front scan system (Front Assist) 309 Temporarily switch off the front scan system (Front Assist) in the following situations 310
City Emergency Brake function 311
System limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
The area monitoring system (Front As-
sist) can help to avoid rear-end colli-
sions.
Within the limits of the system, Front Assist can warn the driver about imminent collisions, prepare the vehicle for emergency braking in case of dan-ger, assist with braking, and initiate automatic braking.
Front Assist is not a substitute for the full con-centration of the driver.
Additional information and warnings:
• Exterior views 5
• Volkswagen information system 24
• Cruise control system (CCS) 295
• Adaptive cruise control (ACC) 298
• Accessories, modifications, repairs and renewal of parts 394
Distance warning
If the system detects danger from driving too close to the vehicle in front, within the speed range of approx. 60 km/h (37 mph) up to 210 km/h (130 mph), the system warns the driver by showing a corresponding message on the instrument clus-ter display 244 [ID.
The warning period varies according to the traffic situation and the driver's response.
Advance warning
If the system detects a danger of collision with the vehicle ahead, within the speed range of approx. 30 km/h (18 m ph) up to 210 km/h (130 mph), the system warns the driver by emitting a signal tone and showing a corresponding message on the in-strument cluster display 245.
The warning period varies according to the traffic situation and the driver's response. At the same time it prepares the vehicle for possible emergency
Urgent warning
If the driver fails to respond to the advance warn-ing, within a speed range of approx. 30 km/h (18 mph) to 210 km/h (130 mph), the system can initiate a quick jolt of the brake in order to draw the driver's attention to the increasing danger of a colli-sion. The warning period varies according to the traffic situation and the driver's response.
Automatic braking
If the driver does not react to the acute warning, within a speed range of approx. 4 km/h (2.5 mph) to 210 km/h (130 mph), the vehicle can brake auto-matically using brake pressure with gradually in-creasing intensity. By reducing speed during a pos-sible collision the system can help to minimise the consequences of an accident.
Brake assistance
If the system detects that the driver is not braking sufficiently when there is a risk of collision, the sys-tem can increase the braking force and thereby help to prevent a collision from speeds of approxi-mately 4 km/h (2.5 mph) to 210 km/h (130 mph). Brake assistance works only for as long as the brake pedal is pressed hard.
A WARNING
The Intelligent technology used in Front As-sist cannot overcome the laws of physics, and functions only within the limits of the system. The driver Is always responsible for braking in time. If Front Assist issues a warn-ing, immediately apply the foot brake to slow the vehicle down or avoid the obstacle, de-pending on the traffic situation.
• Adapt your speed and distance from the vehicles ahead to suit visibility, weather, road and traffic conditions.
• Front Assist cannot prevent accidents and serious injuries on Its own.
• Front Assist can issue unnecessary warn-Ings and carry out unwanted braking inter-ventions in certain complex driving situa-tions, e.g. at traffic Islands.
Driver assist systems 307

System limits
r-('n First read and observe the Introductory L-J,:.U Information and safety warnings & on page 307.
The area monitoring system (Front Assist) has physical and system-related limits. The driver may therefore feel that, in certain circumstances, some Front Assist reactions occur unexpectedly or with a delay. You should therefore always be prepared to take full control of the vehicle if necessary.
The following conditions can prevent Front Assist from reacting, or cause a delay in its reaction:
• In tight bends.
• If the accelerator is fully depressed.
• If Front Assist is switched off or there is a fault.
• If TCS or ESC is switched off manually.
• If the ESC is taking corrective action.
• If there is a fault in several brake lights on the vehicle or on a trailer with an electrical connection to the vehicle.
• If the radar sensor is dirty or covered.
• If the vehicle is reversing.
• Under hard acceleration.
• In snow or heavy rain.
• In case of narrow vehicles, e.g. motorbikes.
• If vehicles are travelling slightly to the left or right of your vehicle.
• If vehicles are crossing in front of your vehicle.
• If there is oncoming traffic.
• In uncertain traffic situations.
• 1/Vhen loads or attachment parts on other vehi-cles protrude to the side, rear or above the normal dimensions of the vehicle. Lane change assist system (Side Assist)
COJ Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
Indicator lamp ... .
Operation ....... .
Driving situations ..........•.............
313
314
315
The lane change assist system (Side As-
sist) provides assistance when checking
for traffic behind the vehicle.
The lane change assist system cannot be switched on if the factory-fitted towing bracket is electrically connected to the trailer. The lane change assist system must be switched off manually for non-fac-tory-fitted towing brackets.
The lane change assist system has been designed for use on surfaced roads only.
Additional information and warnings:
• Exterior views =<>page 5
• Volkswagen information system =<>page 24
• Accessories, modifications, repairs and renewal of parts =<>page 394.
3121 While drivmg
A WARNING
The Intelligent technology of the lane change assist system (Side Assist) cannot change the laws of physics or the system-related ve-hicle limitations. Always take care when us-Ing the lane change assist system as you could otherwise cause accidents or Injuries. The system Is not a substitute for the full concentration of the driver.
• Adapt your speed and distance from the vehicles ahead to suit visibility, weather, road and traffic conditions.
• Your hands should always be on the steer-Ing wheel so that you can steer at any time.
• Pay attention to the visual displays in the exterior mirror housing and in the Instrument cluster display, and respond to the com-mands.
• The lane change assist system may react to special roadside structures, e.g. high or offset crash barriers. This can lead to error warnings. ,..

Operation
Fig. 248 Display in the exterior mirror
r-f"n First read and observe the introductory L-W! information and safety warnings & on page 312.
Visual display in the exterior Situation mirror housing
The lane change assist system uses radar sensors to monitor the area behind the vehicle. The system then measures the distance and the difference in speed to other vehicles. The lane change assist system is activated at speeds over approximately 10 km/h (6 m ph) and deactivated at speeds under 5 km/h (3 mph). The driver receives infonmation via the visual display in the exterior mirror housing.
Visual display in the exterior mirror housing
The visual displays 248 in the exterior mirror housing notify the driver of following traffic on ei-ther side of the vehicle whenever a traffic situation is classified as critical when the driver intends to change lanes.
Tinted side windows or retrofitted tinting foils can negatively affect or distort the visual displays in the exterior mirror.
None No other vehicle at a critical distance from your vehicle detected by -the lane change assist system & in Indicator lamp on page 313.
Lights up once briefly. The lane change assist system is switched on and ready for use.
Lit up (information level). The lane change assist system has detected a potentially critical sit-uation.
Flashes several times The turn signal is active and the lane change assist system has de-
(warning level). tected a potentially critical situation on the corresponding side of the in Indicator/amp on page 313.
Radar sensors
The radar sensors are on the left and right behind the rear bumper and are not visible from outside. They monitor an area of approximately 70 metres behind the vehicle and the blind spots to the right and left of the vehicle. The monitored area to the side of the vehicle is approximately one lane wide.
The width of the lane is not detected in individual cases. but is predefined in the system. For this rea-son. incorrect displays could be shown when driv-
314 I While driving
ing in narrow lanes or when driving in the middle of 2 lanes. In the same way, vehicles travelling in the lane next to the one you wish to change to could be detected, as could solid objects such as safety barriers. and trigger an incorrect warning.