ice VOLKSWAGEN TRANSPORTER 2014 Manual PDF

Brake fluid
B7E.02AO
Fig. 225 In the engine compartment: cap on the brake fluid container.
r-111 First read and observe the Introductory l-Jr:,U Information and safety warnings&. on page 269.
Brake fluid will gradually absorb water from the surrounding air. The brake system will be damaged if there is too much water in the brake fluid. The boiling point of the brake fluid is also considerably reduced by the water content. Heavy use of the brakes may cause a vapour lock in the brake sys-tem if the water content is too high. Vapour locks reduce levels of braking power, considerably in-crease braking distance and can even cause the brake system to fail completely. Your own safety and that of other road users depends on having a brake system that functions properly at all times
Brake fluid specification
Volkswagen has developed a brake fluid that has been optimised for the brake system in the vehicle. To ensure optimal operation of the brake system, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles recommends the use of brake fluid compliant with VW stand-ard 501 14.
Before using a particular brake fluid, check that the specifications printed on the container correspond to the vehicle requirements.
Brake fluid that is compliant with VW stand-ard 501 14 is available from Volkswagen Commer-cial Vehicles dealerships.
If this brake fluid is not available and it is necessa-ry to use another high-quality brake fluid instead, brake fluid that is compliant with DIN ISO 4925 CLASS 4 or US standard FMVSS 116 DOT 4 can be used.
Not all brake fluids that are compliant with DIN ISO 4925 CLASS 4 or US standard FMVSS 116 DOT 4 have the same chemical com-position. Some of these brake fluids may contain chemicals that can damage or destroy brake sys-tem components over time.
To ensure sustained optimal operation of the brake system, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles there-fore recommends the use of brake fluid that is compliant with VW standard 501 14.
Brake fluid that is compliant with VW stand-ard 501 14 fulfils the requirements of DIN ISO 4925 CLASS 4 or US standard FMVSS 116 DOT 4.
Brake fluid level
The brake fluid level must always be between the MIN and MAX marking of the brake fluid container or above the MIN marking &.
The brake fluid level cannot be checked accurately in all models as engine components may partially conceal the brake fluid container. If the brake fluid level cannot be read exactly, please go to a quali-fied workshop.
The brake fluid level drops slightly when the vehi-cle is being used as the brake pads wear and the brakes are automatically adjusted.
Changing the brake fluid
The brake fluid must be changed as indicated in the service schedule Service schedule. The brake fluid should be changed by a qualified workshop. Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles rec-ommends using a Volkswagen Commercial Vehi-cles dealership for this purpose. Only brake fluid that confonns with the required specification should be used.
A WARNING
Brake failure or reduced braking effect can be caused by the brake fluid level being too low or by brake fluid that Is too old or unsuitable.
• The brake system and brake fluid level must be checked regularly.
• The brake fluid should be changed regu-larly, according to the service schedule Service schedule.
• Heavy use of the brakes may cause a va-pour lock If the brake fluid Is left In the sys-tem for too long. Vapour locks reduce levels
Starting the engine, changing gear and parking I 277

A WARNING (Continued)
of braking power, considerably increase brak-ing distance and can cause the brake system to fail completely.
• Please ensure that the correct brake fluid is used. Only use brake fluid that Is explicitly compliant with VW standard 501 14.
• Any other brake fluid or a low-quality one can affect the functioning of the brakes and reduce their effectiveness.
• If a brake fluid compliant with VW stand-ard 501 14 Is not available, use a high-quality brake fluid compliant with DIN ISO 4925 CLASS 4 or the US standard FMVSS 116 DOT 4, but only in exceptional circumstances.
• The refilled brake fluid must be new .
A wARNING
Brake fluid is toxic.
• In order to reduce the risk of poisoning, never use bottles or other containers to store brake fluid. These containers could encour-age other people to drink out of them, even if they are labelled otherwise.
• Brake fluid must always be stored in its original sealed container and kept out of the reach of children.
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Brake fluid that has leaked or been split can damage the vehicle palntwork, plastic parts and tyres. Brake fluid that has leaked or been split should be cleaned off the vehicle paint-work and other components Immediately.
& Brake nuid can pollute the environment. Any W spilt service nuids must be cleaned up and disposed of properly. Driving with respect for the environment
o:::n Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
An economic driving style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Saving fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Fuel consumption, environmental impact and wear on the engine, brakes and tyres depend largely on three factors:
• Personal driving style.
• Conditions of use (weather, road surface).
• Technical conditions.
An economic driving style
i""1"'n First read and observe the introductory L-J,:.U information and safety warnings & on page 278. .,.
278 I While drivmg
A few simple measures can help save fuel by up to 25%, depending on how you drive.
A WARNING
Adapt your speed and distance from the vehi-cles ahead to suit visibility, weather, road and traffic conditions.

Changing gear earlier
In principle, the highest gear is always the most economical gear. A rule of thumb for most vehicles: at a speed of 30 kmlh (19 m ph} drive in third gear, at 40 km/h (25 mph) in 4th gear and at 50 km/h (31 mph) In 5th gear.
If the traffic and driving situation allows it, skipping gears when changing up a gear will also save fuel.
Do not drive gears to their upper limit. Use first gear only for pulling away then quickly change up to second gear. Avoid using the kickdown func-tion in vehicles with a DSG® dual clutch gearbox.
Vehicles with a gear display help to improve fuel economy by indicating the optimum time to change gear.
Rolling to a stop
Taking your foot off the accelerator will interrupt the supply of fuel to the engine and decrease fuel con-sumption.
Therefore, in situations such as approaching a red traffic light, let the vehicle roll without applying the accelerator.
Only press on the dutch pedal to disengage if the vehicle becomes too slow or if the stopping dis-tance is longer. The engine will then run at idling speed 263.
Switch off the engine in situations when the vehicle might be stationary for a long time, e.g. at a level crossing. In vehicles with an active start/stop sys-tem, the engine will switch off automatically when the vehicle Is stationary.
Thinking ahead when driving, and driving with the flow of traffic
Applying the brake and accelerator too often will significantly increase fuel consumption. If you think ahead when driving and maintain a sufficient dis-tance from the vehicle in front, simply keeping your foot off the accelerator should stop the speed from fluctuating. This means that active braking and ac-celerating is not always necessary.
Driving smoothly and evenly
Smoothness is even more important than speed. The more evenly you drive, the lower your fuel consumption will be.
When driving on a motorway, it is much more ef-fective to drive at a constant moderate speed than to drive with constant acceleration and braking. As a rule, driving with a constant style will get you to your destination just as quickly.
The cruise control system will help you to maintain a constant driving style.
Using additional equipment in moderation
lt is always important to be comfortable in your ve-hicle, but it is also important to consider the envi-ronment.
Some equipment will increase fuel consumption when switched on:
• The cooling function of the air conditioning sys-tem: if the air conditioning system is set to a very high or low temperature it will require a lot of ener-gy, which is generated by the engine. Therefore the temperature setting in the vehicle should not vary too much from the outside temperature. lt may be a good idea to air the vehicle before setting off and then to travel a short distance with the win-dows open. The air conditioning system should then be switched on once the windows have been closed. Keep the windows closed when driving at high speeds. Having the windows open increases fuel consumption.
• Switch the seat heating off as soon as it has served its purpose.
• Switch the windscreen and rear window heating off as soon as the windows have defogged and are clear of ice.
• Do not leave the supplementary heating system on when the vehicle is moving 332.
Other factors that Increase fuel consumption (examples):
• Fault in engine management.
• Driving in hilly regions.
• Driving with a trailer. Starting the engine, changing gear and parking I 279

Saving fuel
1/100 km
-10°C
+20 oc
L----------------tkm 5 15 25 30
en-o11S
Fig. 226 Fuel consumption in litres per 100 km at two different outside temperatures.
r-1"'11 First read and observe the Introductory Information and safety warnings&. on page 278.
By adopting an economical driving style and antici-pating the traffic situation ahead, you can easily re-duce fuel consumption by 10-15%.
Cars use most fuel when accelerating. If you think ahead when driving, you will need to brake less and thus accelerate less. Wherever possible, let the car roll slowly to a stop, for instance when you can see that the next traffic lights are red.
Avoid short journeys
Directly after a cold start, the engine has a very high fuel consumption. The engine reaches its working temperature after a few kilometres, when fuel consumption will return to a normal level.
The engine and catalytic converter need to reach their proper working temperature in order to mini-mise fuel consumption and emissions. The out-side temperature is a key factor.
The different rates of fuel consumption for the same distance at both +20"C (+68"F) and at -10"C (+14"F) are shown in Fig. 226.
Therefore, avoid making too many short journeys and car share whenever possible.
Under the same conditions, the vehicle will use more fuel in winter than in summer.
280 I While dnvmg
Not only is it illegal in some countries to "warm up" the cold engine by running it while the vehicle is stationary, it is also technically unnecessary and a waste of fuel.
Adjust the tyre pressure
The correct tyre pressure reduces rolling resist-ance and therefore also fuel consumption.
Ensure that any new tyres purchased have opti-mum rolling resistance.
Use low viscosity engine oils
Fully synthetic low viscosity engine oils reduce fuel consumption. Low viscosity engine oils decrease frictional resistance in the engine and spread bet-ter and more quickly, especially for cold starts. They are especially effective In vehicles that make alotofshortjourneys.
Always ensure that the engine oil level is correct and that you keep to the service intervals (oil change intervals).
When buying engine oil, always make sure it com-plies with engine oil norms and has been approved by Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles.
Avoid unnecessary loads
Lighter vehicles are more economical and have lower environmental impact. An extra 100 kg, for example, can increase fuel consumption by up to 0.311100 km.
Remove all unnecessary objects and loads from the vehicle.
Remove any unnecessary special equipment and accessories
The more aerodynamic a vehicle, the lower its fuel consumption. Special equipment and accessories, such as roof carriers or bicycle carriers, make the vehicle less aerodynamic.
You should therefore remove any special equip-ment and luggage carriers that are not in use, es-pecially if you are going to be driving at high speeds.

ParkPilot
o:n Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
ParkPilot only at rear . . 288 ParkPilot front and rear . . . 289
ParkPilot signal tones and displays . 290
The Park Pilot assists the driver when
parking and manoeuvring.
The ultrasound sensors in the bumpers transmit and receive ultrasound waves. The electronic sys-tem uses the ultrasound waves (i.e. transmission, reflection from the obstacle and reception) to cal-culate the distance between the bumper and the obstacle.
Additional information and warnings:
• Exterior views =:o page 5
• Braking, stopping and parking =:o page 269
• Reversing camera (Rear Assist) =:o page 291
• Cleaning and caring for the vehicle exterior =:.page 380
• Accessories, modifications, repairs and renewal of parts =:o page 394
• Radio or navigation system =:o Booklet Radio, provision for mobile telephone, infotainment sys-tem, navigation system
A WARNING
ParkPilot technology cannot overcome sys-tem-related vehicle limitations. The ParkPilot cannot replace the full concentration of the driver.
• Unintentional vehicle movements can cause serious injury.
• Always adapt your speed and driving style to suit visibility, weather, road and traffic con-ditions.
• Ultrasound sensors have blind spots in which obstacles and people cannot be detec-ted.
• Always check the area around the vehicle as the ultrasound sensors will not always de-tect infants, animals and objects.
A WARNING (Continued)
• Certain surfaces of objects and clothes cannot reflect the signals from the ultrasound sensors. The system is unable to detect these objects or people wearing this type of clothing, or they may be detected incorrectly.
• External sources of sound can affect the signals of the ultrasound sensors. This may prevent the system from recognising people or objects.
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Various factors can negatively Impact the Park-Pilot functions or lead to damage to the vehicle and objects in the area surrounding the vehi-cle.
• The ultrasound sensors may not always be able to detect objects such as trailer drawbars, thin rails, fences, posts, trees and open or opening boot lids. This can result in damage to your vehicle.
• If the ParkPilot has detected an obstacle and issued a warning, the obstacle may move out of the detection range of the ultrasound sensors as the vehicle approaches it, particu-larly if the object is very high or very low. These objects are no longer registered.
• The vehicle can sustain considerable dam-age if the warning given by the ParkPiiot is ig-nored.
• Ultrasound sensors can be displaced or damaged through Impacts, e.g. when parking.
• The ultrasound sensors must be kept clean and free of ice and snow, and must not be cov-ered up by stickers or other objects, as this will prevent the system from working properly.
• Repainting the ultrasound sensors can im-pair the function of the Park Pilot.
• The ultrasound sensors should only be sprayed briefly when cleaning with pressure hoses and steam cleaners. The steam/hose nozzle must always be kept more than 10 cm away from the ultrasound sensors.
• Sources of noise can lead to errors in the ParkPilot system, e.g. rough asphalt, cobble-stones, induction loops, building equipment, or interference from other vehicles.
Driver assist systems 287

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• In some cases water and ice on the ultra-sound sensors could be registered as an ob-struction.
• Any equipment that has been retrofitted to the vehicle, e.g. bicycle carriers or number plate holders, can prevent the ParkPIIot from fu nctlonlng properly.
m Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles recom-L!J mends that drivers practise using the ParkPi-lot in a traffic-calmed area or car park to allow them to familiarise themselves with the system and its functions.
ParkPilot only at rear
,....-m First read and observe the introductory L-J.:.I.I Information and safety warnings & on page 287.
Switching ParkPilot on and off
m If an ultrasound sensor fails, the correspond-L!J ing area of the ultrasound sensor cluster is switched off and cannot be reactivated until the fault has been rectified (depending on the equip-ment level). Consult a qualified workshop in the event of a system fault. Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles recommends using a Volkswagen Com-mercial Vehicles dealership for this purpose. The Park Pilot uses ultrasound sensors to deter-mine the distance between the rear bumper and an obstacle. There are 4 ParkPilot ultrasound sensors in the rear bumper (arrows).
Function What to do when the Ignition Is switched on
Switching on the ParkPilot:
Switching off the ParkPilot:
Switching off the ParkPilot display manually (sound output remains active)
Switching to the rear view camera system picture as required
Select reverse gear or move the selector lever to position R.
Deselect the reverse gear or selector lever position R. If the ParkPilot screen display is activated, the ParkPilot is switched off approximately 10 seconds after the reverse gear has been disengaged or the selector lever has been moved out of the R position.
OR: (depending on the equipment level) immediately after shifting out of re-verse gear, or selector lever position R, with an inactive ParkPilot screen dis-play.
OR: accelerate forwards to a speed greater than approximately 1 0-15 km/ h (6-9 mph).
Press a button, e.g.(RADIOl. on the factory-fitted radio or navigation system.
OR: touch the 0 function button.
Select reverse gear or move the selector lever to position R.
OR: touch the button.
Special features of ParkPilot • No acoustic signal is given in vehicles with a dual clutch gearbox DSG® if the selector lever is in position P. • In some cases, the ParkPilot registers water and ice on the ultrasound sensors as an obstacle.
• The acoustic warning will become quieter after a few seconds if the distance remains the same. The volume will remain constant if the signal tone is continuous.
• The intermittent signal tone switches off auto-matically as soon as the vehicle moves away from an obstacle again. If the vehicle approaches the obstacle again, the acoustic warning is switched on automatically.
288 I While driving
• The ParkPilot ultrasound sensors cannot be switched on if the factory-fitted towing bracket is electrically connected to the trailer.
• A Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles dealership can adjust the volume of the acoustic warning sig-

Special features of ParkPilot
• In some cases, the ParkPilot registers water and ice on the ultrasound sensors as an obstacle.
• The acoustic warning will become quieter after a few seconds if the distance remains the same. The volume will remain constant if the signal tone is continuous.
• The intermittent signal tone switches off auto-matically as soon as the vehicle moves away from an obstacle again. If the vehicle approaches the obstade again, the acoustic warning is switched on automatically.
• No acoustic signal is given in vehicles with a dual clutch gearbox DSG® if the selector lever is in position P.
ParkPilot signal tones and displays
Fig. 232 ParkPilot screen display (colour display).
r--f"'n First read and observe the introductory L-.I=.U Information and safety warnings & on page 287.
Key to diagram
Fig. 232 Meaning
® Monitored area behind the vehide.
® Scanned area in front of the vehicle.
l J
•
0
•
290 I
The yellow segment represents an obstacle in the vehicle's path.
Red segment depicts an obstacle close to the vehicle.
The grey segment represents an obstacle outside of the vehicle's path.
Black segment depicts an obstacle (monochrome display).
While droving
• The rear ultrasound ParkPilot sensors cannot be switched on if the factory-fitted towing bracket is electrically connected to the trailer.
• A Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles dealership can adjust the volume of the acoustic warning sig-nals.
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Failure to observe the illuminated text messag-es can lead to the vehicle being damaged. The areas to the front and rear of the vehicle that are scanned by ultrasound sensors are shown on the screen of the factory-fitted radio or navigation system. The positions of potential obstacles are displayed relative to the vehicle &.
The areas to the front (only with ParkPilot front and rear) and rear of the vehicle are fully scanned by the ultrasound sensors.
Acoustic signals and screen
Acoustic signals are given when the vehicle ap-proaches an obstacle located in the range of the ultrasound sensors. An intermittent signal tone is given if a sufficiently short distance between the vehicle and an obstacle is detected. The shorter the distance, the shorter the intervals. The signal tone will sound continuously if the obstacle is very close.
If you continue to drive the vehide closer to the ob-sta de despite the continuous signal tone, the sys-tem will no longer be able to measure the distance.
With some vehicle equipment levels the scanned areas may be displayed as several segments in a display. The closer the vehicle drives lowards an obstacle, the closer the segment will move to the vehicle in the display. The collision area has been reached when the penultimate segment is dis-played, if not before. Do not drive onl .,..

A WARNING (Continued)
• The camera lens enlarges and distorts the field of vision and the objects on the screen will not be depicted as precisely and accu-rately as they are In reality.
• Certain objects, for example narrow posts or railings, may be difficult or Impossible to see on the screen because of its low resolu-tion or poor light conditions.
• The rear view camera system has blind spots within which obstacles and people can-not be detected.
• Keep the camera lens clean, free of snow and Ice and do not cover it.
A WARNING
The Intelligent rear view camera system tech-nology cannot overcome the laws of physics, and functions only within the limits of the system. Careless or unintentional use of the rear view camera system can cause accl· dents and lead to serious Injury. The system is not a substitute for the full concentration of the driver.
• Always adapt your speed and driving style to suit visibility, weather, road and traffic con· ditions.
General information
r'""'('n First read and observe the Introductory L-J,::.U information and safety warnings & on page 291.
Requirements for parking and manoeuvring while using the rear view camera system
Checklist
./ The tailgate must be closed.
./ The camera must give a clear and accurate image, i.e. there must be good visibility and the camera lens must be clean =:o Fig. 233.
./ There must be a clear and unobstructed view of the area behind the vehicle.
./ The rear of the vehicle must not be heavily loaded.
2921 While driving
A WARNING (ConUnued)
• Keep looking In the direction In which you are parking and at the relevant area sur-rounding the vehicle. The front of the vehicle swings out more than the rear of the vehicle.
• Do not allow the Images shown on the screen to distract you from the traffic around you.
• Always monitor the area around the vehi· cle as small children, animals and objects will not always be detected by the rear view cam-era system.
• The rear view camera system may not be able to display all areas clearly.
• The rear view camera system should only be used when the tallgate is fully closed.
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• The rear view camera system shows only two-dimensional images on the screen. The lack of depth of field means that potholes and protruding objects on the ground may only be detected with difficulty, or may not be detected at all.
• The rear view camera system may notal· ways be able to detect objects such as thin rails, fences, posts, trees etc. This could result In damage to your vehicle. ./ The driver must be familiar with the system.
./ The vehicle must be undamaged. The rear view camera system must be checked by a qualified workshop if the position or angle of the camera has changed, e.g. following a rear impact.
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles recommends that you practise parking with the reversing camera in a traffic-calmed area or car park with good visi-bility and weather conditions, so that you can famil· iarise yourself with the system, orientation lines and guiding functions in a safer environment.
Rear view camera system settings
Various settings, including brightness, contrast and colour, can be by touching the relevant function buttons 1j or G. or by moving the corre-sponding slider.
• Stop the vehicle in a safe place.
• Apply the handbrake firmly.
• Switch on the ignition.

• Switch on radio/navigation system, if not al-ready on.
• Select reverse gear or move the selector lever to position R.
Camera
Fig. 233 In the tailgate: location of the rear view camera system.
....--r'n First read and observe the Introductory L.-J,:.U information and safety warnings & on page 291.
The reversing camera 233 provides two-di-mensional images only. Due to the lack of depth of field on the screen, potholes and dips in the ground, protruding parts on another vehicle or pro-truding objects on the ground may be difficult or impossible to see on the image.
Objects or other vehicles may appear closer or fur-ther away on the screen than they actually are.
Optical Illusions created by the rear view cam-era system (examples):
-If you drive from a level surface onto an upward or downward slope.
-If you drive from an upward or downward slope onto a level surface.
-If the vehicle Is heavily loaded towards the rear.
-When approaching protruding objects. Such ob-jects can leave the camera's field of vision while you are reversing.
• Touch the button.
• Select the required settings in the menu.
Cleaning the camera lens
Keep the camera lens 233 clean and free of ice and snow:
• Stop the vehicle in a safe place.
• Apply the handbrake firmly.
• Moisten the lens with a commercially available alcohol-based glass cleaner and clean the lens with a dry cloth
• Remove snow with a brush.
• Remove ice with a de-icer spray
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• Never use an abrasive cleaning product to clean the lens.
• Never use warm or hot water to remove snow and ice from the lens of the camera. This could damage the lens.
Driver assist systems 293

The cruise control system (CCS) is able to main-tain an individual set speed at forward speeds be-tween approx. 30 km/h (19 mph) and 180 km/h (112 mph).
The CCS slows the vehicle only by easing off the accelerator, not by actively braking. The CCS can-not maintain a constant speed when travelling downhill. The vehicle speed can Increase under its own weight. Shift down gear and brake the vehicle using the foot brake &.
Additional information and warnings:
• Changing gear 260
• Accessories, modifications, repairs and renewal of parts '*page 394
A WARNING
The use of the cruise control system (CCS) can lead to accidents and serious Injuries if traffic does not allow you to drive at a safe distance from the vehicle In front at a con-stant speed.
Indicator lamp
A WARNING (Continued)
• Never use the CCS In heavy traffic, with Insufficient distance from the vehicle ahead, on steep or winding roads, or on slippery road surfaces e.g. on snow, Ice, wet roads, loose chlpplngs or flooded roads.
• Never use the CCS when driving off-road or on unsurfaced roads.
• Adapt your speed and distance from the vehicles ahead to suit visibility, weather, road and traffic conditions.
• Always switch cruise control off after use to avoid unintentional operation.
• it Is dangerous to use a set speed that is too high for the prevailing road, traffic or weather conditions.
• The CCS cannot maintain a constant speed when travelling downhill. The vehicle speed can Increase under its own weight. Shift down a gear or brake the vehicle using the foot brake. ro First read and observe the Introductory information and safety warnings & on page 295.
Lit up Possible cause
Cruise control system (CCS) is controlling the speed.
Several warning and indicator lamps will light up briefly as a functional check when the ignition is switched on. They will go out after a few seconds.
A WARNING
Failure to observe illuminated warning lamps and text messages can lead to your vehicle breaking down in traffic, and can cause acci-dent and serious injury.
• Never ignore any illuminated warning lamps or text messages.
296 I While drivrng
A WARNING (Continued)
• Stop the vehicle as soon as possible and when safe to do so.
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Failure to observe Illuminated Indicator lamps and text messages can lead to your vehicle be-Ing damaged.