engine VOLVO 850 1996 Service Manual

1996 Volvo 850

Unstable idle, misfiring, or poor emission control is often caused by le\
aking vacuum hoses or
connections. Check all vacuum hoses and connections.

Checking and adjusting idle air control system

Your Volvo is equipped with an electronically controlled idle air contro\
l system that requires no
checking or adjustment.

Timing belt

For proper functioning of the vehicle and its emission control systems, \
Volvo recommends that the
timing belt be replaced every 70,000 miles (112,000 km).

Fuel system cap, tank and lines and connections

The effectiveness of the fuel system to contain hydrocarbons is dependen\
t largely on a leak-free system.
Check for proper sealing of the gasoline filler cap which contains "O" r\
ing type seals.

Fuel (line) filter

The fuel line filter is located next to the fuel pump. For proper functi\
oning of the vehicle and its
emission control systems, the fuel line filter should be replaced at 100\
,000 miles (160,000 km). The
filter is replaced as one complete unit. Replace more frequently if cont\
aminated fuel is introduced into
the tank (or if there is reason to suspect that this has occurred).

Charge air cooler (Intercooler)

The B 5234 Turbo engine employs a turbo-compressor to force air into the\
engine inlet manifold and a
charge air cooler to cool the compressed inlet air. The resulting increa\
se in air flow raises pressure in the
intake manifold by approx. 8.7 psi (over atmospheric pressure) and eng\
ine power output by approx. 50
horsepower over that developed by the normally-aspirated engine. The cha\
rge air cooler (which
resembles a radiator) is located between the turbo-compressor and inlet\
manifold.
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1996 Volvo 850
pg. 8:8 Servicing (cont.)
Fuel System

The fuel system is all-electronic and is microprocessor-controlled. It c\
an continually compensate for
variation in engine load, speed and temperature to give the best economy\
and power. A mass air flow
sensor measures the inducted air. In this way the system can make instan\
taneous adjustments for
changes in air temperature or density, thus always assuring the best eco\
nomy with the lowest possible
exhaust emissions.

Heated oxygen sensor

This is an emission control system designed to reduce emissions and impr\
ove fuel economy. The heated
oxygen sensor monitors the composition of the exhaust gases leaving the \
engine. The exhaust gas
analysis is fed into an electronic module. This adjusts the air-fuel rat\
io to provide optimum conditions
for combustion and efficient reduction of the three major pollutants (h\
ydrocarbons, carbon monoxide
and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) by a three-way catalytic converter.

Secondary Air Injection (certain models)

This system adds air to the hot exhaust gases as they are expelled from \
the engine. This causes a
secondary combustion of residual hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, resul\
ting in lower emissions
levels in the exhaust gases.


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1996 Volvo 850
Evaporative control system

The car is equipped with a gas evaporative control system, which prevent\
s gasoline fumes from being
released into the atmosphere. The system is comprised of an expansion ch\
amber in the fuel tank, a roll-
over valve on the cross member in front of the fuel tank and a charcoal \
canister with a built-in vacuum
valve under the left-front wheel housing. The components are interconnec\
ted by hoses which channel
fuel vapor from the gas tank to the charcoal filter, where it is stored \
until the engine is started and then
drawn into the engine's air intake system.


Crankcase ventilation

The engine is provided with positive crankcase ventilation which prevent\
s crankcase gases from being
released into the atmosphere. Instead, the crankcase gases are admitted \
to the intake manifold and
cylinders.

PCV system

The orifice nipple in the intake manifold and the filter at the end of t\
he PCV hose in the air cleaner
should be inspected every 60,000 miles (96,000 km). Check/replace rubb\
er hoses at the same time. pg. 8:9 Lubrication
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1996 Volvo 850
No. Lubrication point lubricant No. Lubrication point lubricant
1 Hood lock and latch Oil 6 Window winder (on
inside of door) Oil, grease, low
temperature grease
2 Door stop and hinges Oil 7 Front seat slide rail
and latch Oil
3 Sun roof wind
deflector Oil
Low temperature
grease
8
Door locks Volvo teflon lock
spray
4 Door lock catch plate Oil
5 Trunk/tailgate lid lock Low temperature
grease
To avoid rattles and unnecessary wear, the body should be lubricated at \
regular service intervals. This
should be done by an authorized Volvo retailer.
pg. 8:10 Engine oil
Checking the oil level

The oil level should be checked every time the car is refuelled. This is\
especially important during the
engine break-in period (up to the first service).
CAUTION : Not checking the oil level regularly can result in serious eng\
ine damage if the oil
becomes too low.
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1996 Volvo 850

Park the car on a level surface and wait for at least 3 minutes after th\
e engine has been switched off. Be
sure the oil level is maintained between the upper and lower marks on th\
e dipstick. Low oil level can
cause internal damage to the engine and over-filling can result in high \
oil consumption. The distance
between the dipstick marks represents approx. 1 US qts (1 liter)*. The\
oil should preferably be checked
when cold, before the engine has been started.


* Certain models: 1.6 US qts (1.5 liters)

NOTE: The engine must be stopped when checking the oil.

Draining the oil

Drain the oil after driving while it is still warm.
WARNING! The oil may be very
hot.

If you change the engine oil and filter yourself, your Volvo retailer ca\
n assist you in disposing of the
used oil. Engine oil can be harmful to your skin - gloves should worn wh\
en performing this work.

To add or change oil

Add oil of the same kind as already used. Capacity (including filter):\
5.6 US qts (5.3 liters) (certain
models: 6.1 US qts/5.8 liters). Turbo models: 5.6 US qts (5.3 liters)\
.** The oil filter should be replaced
at every oil change

** Add 0.95 qts (0.9 liters) if the oil cooler has been drained.

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1996 Volvo 850

A - Drain plug, B - Oil filter, C - Oil dipstick, D - Oil filler cap
WARNING! Oil spilled on a hot exhaust pipe constitutes a fire
risk.
pg. 8:11 Engine oil (cont.)
Oil quality

Meeting API specification SG, SG/CD, SH or Energy Conserving (EC) II

For best fuel economy and engine protection consult with your authorized\
Volvo retailer for
recommended oils. Oils with a different quality rating may not provide a\
dequate engine protection.

Viscosity (stable ambient temperatures):

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1996 Volvo 850

Do not use oils with other viscosity ratings. The use of incorrect visco\
sity oil can shorten engine life.
Volvo recommends the use of energy-conserving oils. Look for the API lab\
el. Synthetic oils complying
with oil quality requirements are recommended for: Driving in areas of s\
ustained temperature extremes
(hot or cold), when towing a trailer over long distances or for a prol\
onged driving in mountainous areas.
Extra oil additives must not be used unless advised by an authorized Vol\
vo retailer.
SAE 15W/40 is recommended for use in driving conditions that raise oil t\
emperature and increase oil
consumption (i.e., mountain driving, trailer towing).

NOTE: SAE 15W-40 must not be used at low ambient temperatures; see visco\
sity chart.

Changing oil and oil filter

Oil and oil filter changes should be made as specified in the following \
table:
If driving conditions include: Then the correct oil/oil filter change interval
is:
l Extended periods of idling and/or low-speed
operation
l Frequent short trips less than 7 miles 11 km
l Extended periods of driving in dusty and/or sandy
areas
l Trailer towing
l Driving in mountainous areas EVERY
5,000 miles= 8,000 km
OR EVERY 6 MONTHS,
WHICHEVER COMES FIRST
l Primarily highway driving
l Frequent trips of longer than 7 miles = 11 km
EVERY
10,000 miles = 16,000 km
5,000 miles= 8,000 km *
OR EVERY 12 MONTHS,
WHICH EVER COMES FIRST
* Turbo models

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1996 Volvo 850



American Petroleum Institute (API) labels. These labels certify the oi\
l conforms to the
applicable standards and specifications of the API.
pg. 8:12 Power steering fluid, Brake/clutch fluid reservoir

Power steering fluid

The dipstick has marks for checking hot and cold oil. The oil level when\
the engine is cold must never
be higher than the COLD mark. After the engine has reached normal operat\
ing temperature, the level
may not be higher than the HOT mark. Top up when the level is at the ADD\
mark.
Check the level at every service.

Fluid type: ATF
Replace: no fluid change required.

Brake and clutch systems

The brake and clutch systems share the same fluid reservoir. The fluid l\
evel should be between the MIN
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1996 Volvo 850
pg. 8:13 Automatic transmission fluid

Check the oil level as follows:

Park the car on a level surface with the engine idling . Slowly move the\
gear selector lever through all
the shift positions and then to position P. Wait 3 minutes before checki\
ng the oil level.
As the illustration shows, the dipstick has a COLD and a HOT side. The o\
il level should between the
MIN and MAX marks. Wipe the dipstick with a clean cloth.
WARNING! The oil may be very
hot.

Do not use rags that could leave lint on the dipstick. The transmission \
is topped up via the dipstick tube.
The space between the MIN and MAX marks on the dipstick corresponds to 0\
.5 US qt. (0.5 liter). Do
not fill the transmission with too much oil, since this can result in oi\
l being ejected from the
transmission. Too little oil, on the other hand, can negatively affect t\
ransmission operation, particularly
in very cold weather.

A Cold transmission: oil temperature 105° F (40° C). This is a n\
ormal temperature for the transmission
after idling for about 10 minutes. At oil temperatures below 105° F (\
40° C), the level may be below the
MIN mark.
B Warm transmission: oil temperature 169° F (80° C). This temper\
ature after driving for about 30
minutes. At oil temperatures above 190° F (90° C), the level may\
be above the MAX mark.

Fluid type: ATF Dexron IIE/III and Mercon.
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1996 Volvo 850
WARNING! Oil spilled on a hot exhaust pipe constitutes a fire
risk.
pg. 8:14 Drive belt, Air pump system

A - crankshaft, B - A/C compressor,
C - generator, D - power steering pump

Belt check

Check the belt regularly to make sure it is in good condition and is cle\
an. A worn or dirty belt can cause
poor cooling and low generator output as well as impair the operation of\
the power steering and the air
conditioning unit.

NOTE : The belt on the 850 is equipped with a self-tensioning mechanism \
and requires no adjustment
between changes.
WARNING! The engine must not be running when this check is
performed.

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