wheel size VOLVO XC90 TWIN ENGINE 2018 Owners Manual

||
SAFETY
56
Passenger's side airbag decal

WARNING
•Children must never be allowed in thefront passenger's seat.
•Occupants in the front passenger's seatmust never sit on the edge of the seat, sitleaning toward the instrument panel orotherwise sit out of position.
•The occupant's back must be as uprightas comfort allows and be against the seatback with the seat belt properly fastened.
•Feet must be on the floor, e.g., not on thedash, seat or out of the window.
WARNING
•No objects or accessory equipment, e.g.dashboard covers, may be placed on,attached to, or installed near the air bagcover (the area above the glove compart-ment) or the area affected by airbagdeployment.
•There should be no loose articles, suchas coffee cups on the floor, seat, or dash-board area.
•Never try to open the airbag cover on thesteering wheel or the passenger's sidedashboard. This should only be done by atrained and qualified Volvo service techni-cian.
•Failure to follow these instructions canresult in injury to the vehicle's occupants.

Related information
•Airbags (p. 52)
•Occupant weight sensor (p. 56)
Occupant weight sensor
The Occupant Weight Sensor (OWS) isdesigned to meet the regulatory requirements ofFederal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS)208 and is designed to disable (will not inflate)the passenger's side front airbag under certainconditions.
Occupant Weight Sensor (OWS) indicator light

Disabling the passenger's side front
airbag
Volvo recommends that ALL occupants (adultsand children) shorter than 140 cm (4 feet7 inches) be seated in the back seat of any vehi-cle with a front passenger side airbag and beproperly restrained for their size and weight.
The OWS works with sensors that are part of thefront passenger's seat and seat belt. The sensorsare designed to detect the presence of a properly

WHEELS AND TIRES
550Tires
The function of the tires is to carry loads, provide
traction on road surfaces, reduce vibrations and
protect the wheels from wear. The tires significantly influence the vehicle's driv-
ing characteristics. The type, dimensions, tire
pressure and speed rating have a considerable
impact on how the vehicle performs.
Your vehicle is equipped with tires according to
the vehicle's tire information placard on the B-pil-
lar (the structural member at the side of the vehi-
cle, at the rear of the driver's door opening).
WARNING A damaged tire could cause the driver to lose
control of the vehicle.
CAUTION Some Volvo models are equipped with an
Ultra High Performance tire and wheel com-
bination designed to provide maximum dry
pavement performance with consideration for
hydroplaning resistance. They may be more
susceptible to road hazard damage and,
depending on driving conditions, may achieve
a tread life of less than 30,000 km (20,000
miles). Even if this vehicle is equipped with
Volvo's advanced AWD or stability system,
these tires are not designed for winter driving,
and should be replaced with winter tires when
weather conditions dictate.
The tires have good road holding characteristics
and offer good handling on dry and wet surfaces.
It should be noted however that the tires have
been developed to give these features on snow/
ice-free surfaces.
Most models are equipped with "all-season" tires,
which provide a somewhat higher degree of road-
holding on slippery road surfaces than tires with-
out the "all-season" rating. However, for optimal
roadholding on icy or snow-covered roads, we
recommend snow tires on all four wheels.
When replacing tires, be sure that the new tires
are the same size designation, type (radial) and
preferably from the same manufacturer, on allfour wheels. Otherwise there is a risk of altering
the vehicle's roadholding and handling characte-
ristics.
Recommended tiresOn delivery, the car is equipped with Volvo origi-
nal tires that have the VOL
1
marking on the side
of the tires. These tires have been designed spe-
cifically for your vehicle. It is therefore important
when replacing tires that the new tires have this
same marking to help maintain the vehicle's driv-
ing characteristics, comfort and fuel consumption.
New tires Tires are perishable goods. After a few years,
they will begin to harden and their friction proper-
ties will gradually deteriorate. Always replace tires
with the freshest tires possible. This is particularly
important for snow tires. A series of numbers is
1
This may vary for certain tire dimensions.

||WHEELS AND TIRES
* Option/accessory.
552
WARNING •
The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvo
are specified to meet stringent stability
and handling requirements. Unapproved
wheel/tire size combinations can nega-
tively affect your vehicle's stability and
handling.
• Any damage caused by installation of
unapproved wheel/tire size combinations
will not be covered by your new vehicle
warranty. Volvo assumes no responsibility
for death, injury, or expenses that may
result from such installations.
Related information
•Checking tire pressure (p. 557)
• Tire direction of rotation (p. 552)
• Tread wear indicator (p. 553)
• Tire pressure monitoring system* (p. 559)
• Tire sealing system (p. 572)
• Uniform Tire Quality Grading (p. 556)
• Tire terminology (p. 553)
• Tire sidewall designations (p. 554)
• Loading recommendations (p. 586) Tire direction of rotation
Tires with tread designed to roll in only one
direction are marked with an arrow on the side-
wall. The arrow shows the tire's direction of rotation.
• The tire should maintain the same direction
of rotation throughout its service life.
• Tires should only be moved between the
front and back, never from right to left or vice
versa.
• Incorrectly mounted tires impair the vehicle's
braking properties and ability to force aside
rain, snow and slush.
• The tires with the most tread should always
be mounted on the rear wheels to help
reduce the risk of skidding.
NOTE Use tires of the same type, dimensions and
make (manufacturer) on each axle.
Related information
•
Tires (p. 550)

WHEELS AND TIRES
}}
553
Tread wear indicator
The tread wear indicator shows the status of the
tire's tread. The tread wear indicator is a narrow elevated
strip running across the tire's longitudinal tread
grooves. The letters TWI (Tread Wear Indicator)
are visible on the side of the tire. When approxi-
mately 1.6 mm (1/16 inch) is left on the tread,
the tread will be at the same height as the tread
wear indicator. Replace the tire as soon as possi-
ble. Tires with low tread offer very poor traction in
rain or snow.
Related information
•
Tires (p. 550) Tire terminology
The following is a glossary of tire-related terms.
The tire suppliers may have additional markings,
notes or warnings such as standard load, radial
tubeless, etc.
• Tire information placard: A placard show-
ing the OE (Original Equipment) tire sizes,
recommended inflation pressure, and the
maximum weight the vehicle can carry.
• Tire Identification Number (TIN): A number
on the sidewall of each tire providing infor-
mation about the tire brand and manufactur-
ing plant, tire size and date of manufacture.
• Inflation pressure: A measure of the
amount of air in a tire.
• Standard load: A class of P-metric or Metric
tires designed to carry a maximum load at 35
psi [37 psi (2.5 bar) for Metric tires]. Increas-
ing the inflation pressure beyond this pres-
sure will not increase the tires load carrying
capability.
• Extra load: A class of P-metric or Metric
tires designed to carry a heavier maximum
load at 41 psi [43 psi (2.9 bar) for Metric
tires]. Increasing the inflation pressure
beyond this pressure will not increase the
tire's load carrying capability.
• kPa: Kilopascal, a metric unit of air pressure.
• PSI: Pounds per square inch, a standard unit
of air pressure. •
B-pillar: The structural member at the side
of the vehicle behind the front door.
• Bead area of the tire: Area of the tire next
to the rim.
• Sidewall of the tire: Area between the bead
area and the tread.
• Tread area of the tire: Area of the perime-
ter of the tire that contacts the road when
mounted on the vehicle.
• Rim: The metal support (wheel) for a tire or a
tire and tube assembly upon which the tire
beads are seated.
• Maximum load rating: a figure indicating
the maximum load in pounds and kilograms
that can be carried by the tire. This rating is
established by the tire manufacturer.
• Maximum permissible inflation pressure:
the greatest amount of air pressure that
should ever be put in the tire. This limit is set
by the tire manufacturer.
• Recommended tire inflation pressure:
inflation pressure, established by Volvo,
which is based on the type of tires that are
mounted on a vehicle at the factory. This
information can be found on the tire inflation
placard(s) located on the driver's side B-pillar
and in the tire inflation table in this chapter.
• Cold tires: The tires are considered to be
cold when they have the same temperature
as the surrounding (ambient) air. This tem-

WHEELS AND TIRES
555
NOTEThe tire's load index and speed rating may
not appear on the sidewall because they are
not required by law.
7.
M+S or M/S = Mud and Snow, AT = All Ter-
rain, AS = All Season
8. U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number
(TIN): This begins with the letters "DOT" and
indicates that the tire meets all federal
standards. The next two numbers are the
factory code where the tire was manufac-
tured, the next two are the tire size code and
the last four numbers represent the week
and year the tire was made. For example,
0717 means that the tire was manufactured
during week 7 of 2017. The numbers in
between are marketing codes used at the
manufacturer's discretion. This information
helps a tire manufacturer identify a tire for
safety recall purposes.
9. Tire Ply Composition and Material Used:
Indicates the number of plies indicates or the
number of layers of rubber-coated fabric in
the tire tread and sidewall. Tire manufactur-
ers also must indicate the ply materials in the
tire and the sidewall, which include steel,
nylon, polyester, and others.
10. Maximum Load: Indicates the maximum
load in pounds and kilograms that can be
carried by the tire. Refer to the vehicle's tire information placard located on the B-Pillar
for the correct tire pressure for your vehicle.
11. Treadwear, Traction, and Temperature
grades.
12. Maximum permissible inflation pressure:
the greatest amount of air pressure that
should ever be put in the tire. This limit is set
by the tire manufacturer.
Speed SymbolA tire's Speed Symbol (SS) indicates the maxi-
mum speed for which the tire has been certified
and should be at least equivalent to the vehicle's
top speed.
Winter tires, with or without studs, are exceptions
and may use a lower SS. When winter tires are
installed, the vehicle may not be driven faster
than the tires' SS.
The vehicle's speed should always be determined
by the posted speed limit and traffic and road
conditions, not the tire's SS.
The following table indicates the maximum per-
missible speed for each SS. M 130 km/h (81 mph)
Q

160 km/h (100 mph)
T 190 km/h (118 mph)
H 210 km/h (130 mph) V 240 km/h (149 mph)
W

270 km/h (168 mph)
Y 300 km/h (186 mph)
WARNING •
The wheel and tire sizes for your Volvo
are specified to meet stringent stability
and handling requirements. Unapproved
wheel/tire size combinations can nega-
tively affect your vehicle's stability and
handling.
• Any damage caused by installation of
unapproved wheel/tire size combinations
will not be covered by your new vehicle
warranty. Volvo assumes no responsibility
for death, injury, or expenses that may
result from such installations.
Related information
•Tires (p. 550)

WHEELS AND TIRES
}}
* Option/accessory. 559
Recommended tire pressure
The tire pressure placard on the driver's side B
pillar (between the front and the rear door) indi-
cates tire pressure for different loads and speed
conditions. The placard specifies the designation for the fac-
tory-mounted tires on the vehicle, as well as load
limits and inflation pressures.
Related information
•
Checking tire pressure (p. 557)
• Approved tire pressure (p. 665) Tire pressure monitoring system*
The tire pressure monitoring system, Tyre
Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS), provides a
warning symbol in the instrument panel if pres-
sure is too low in one or more tires. Symbol
Explanation This symbol illuminates to indicate
low inflation pressure.
If there is a system malfunction, the
inflation pressure warning symbol
will flash for approximately one
minute and then glow steadily.
System descriptionThe tire pressure monitoring system measures
differences in rotational speed between the
wheels through the ABS system to determine if
the tires are properly inflated. If inflation pressure
in a tire is too low, its diameter (and consequently
its rotational speed) changes. By comparing the
tires with each other, the system can determine if
the pressure in one or more tires is too low.
General information about the tire pressure
monitoring system
In the following description, the tire monitoring
system is generally referred to as TPMS.
Each tire, including the spare tire (if provided)
6
,
should be checked monthly when cold and infla- ted to the inflation pressure recommended by the
vehicle manufacturer on the vehicle placard or
tire inflation pressure label. (If your vehicle has
tires of a different size than the size indicated on
the vehicle placard or tire inflation pressure label,
you should determine the proper tire inflation
pressure for those tires.)
As an added safety feature, your vehicle has
been equipped with a tire pressure monitoring
system (TPMS) that illuminates a low tire pres-
sure telltale when one or more of your tires is
significantly under-inflated. Accordingly, when the
low tire pressure telltale illuminates, you should
stop and check your tires as soon as possible,
and inflate them to the proper pressure.
Driving on a significantly under-inflated tire cau-
ses the tire to overheat and can lead to tire fail-
ure. Under-inflation also reduces fuel efficiency
and tire tread life, and may affect the vehicle's
handling and stopping ability. Please note that
the TPMS is not a substitute for proper tire main-
tenance, and it is the driver's responsibility to
maintain correct tire pressure, even if under-infla-
tion has not reached the level to trigger illumina-
tion of the TPMS low tire pressure telltale.
Your vehicle has also been equipped with a
TPMS malfunction indicator to indicate when the
system is not operating properly. The TPMS mal-
function indicator is combined with the low tire
pressure telltale. When the system detects a mal-
6
Not available on all models.

||WHEELS AND TIRES
* Option/accessory.
560 function, the telltale will flash for approximately
one minute and then remain continuously illumi-
nated. This sequence will continue upon subse-
quent vehicle start-ups as long as the malfunc-
tion exists. When the malfunction indicator is illu-
minated, the system may not be able to detect or
signal low tire pressure as intended.
TPMS malfunctions may occur for a variety of
reasons, including the installation of replacement
or alternate tires or wheels on the vehicle that
prevent the TPMS from functioning properly.
Always check the TPMS malfunction telltale after
replacing one or more tires or wheels on your
vehicle to ensure that the replacement or alter-
nate tires and wheels allow the TPMS to con-
tinue to function properly.
Messages in the instrument panelIf tire pressure is too low, the low tire pressure
warning symbol is shown in the instrument panel
along with a message.
• Tire pressure low Check tires, calibrate
after fill
• Tire pressure system Temporarily
unavailable
• Tire pressure system Service required
To keep in mind
•Always calibrate the system after changing
wheels or adjusting tire pressure. See the tire pressure placard on the driver's side B pillar
for Volvo-recommended tire pressures.
• If you switch to a tire of another size than the
factory-mounted tires, the system must be
calibrated for these tires to avoid false warn-
ings.
• If a spare wheel 7
is used, it is possible that
the tire pressure monitoring system will not
work correctly due to the differences
between the wheels.
• The system does not replace the need for
regular tire inspection and maintenance.
• It is not possible to deactivate the tire pres-
sure monitoring system.
WARNING •
Incorrect inflation pressure could lead to
tire failure, which could cause the driver
to lose control of the vehicle.
• The system cannot predict sudden tire
damage.
Related information
• Recommended tire pressure (p. 559)
• Viewing tire pressure status in the center
display* (p. 562)
• Action when warned of low tire pressure
(p. 563) •
Calibrating the tire pressure monitoring sys-
tem* (p. 561) 7
Not available on all models.

||WHEELS AND TIRES
* Option/accessory.
570
WARNING •
The vehicle must never be driven with
more than one "Temporary spare" tire
mounted.
• Driving with a spare wheel may alter the
driving characteristics of the vehicle.
Replace the spare wheel with a normal
wheel as soon as possible.
• The spare wheel is smaller than the nor-
mal wheel, which affects the vehicle's
ground clearance. Watch for high curbs
and do not wash the vehicle in an auto-
matic car wash when a spare wheel is
mounted.
• Follow the manufacturer's recommended
tire inflation pressure for the spare wheel.
• On all-wheel drive vehicles, the drive on
the rear axle can be disconnected.
• If the spare wheel is mounted on the
front axle, snow chains must not be used.
• The spare wheel must not be repaired.
CAUTION The vehicle must not be driven with wheels of
different dimensions or with a spare tire other
than the one that came with the vehicle. The
use of different size wheels can seriously
damage your vehicle's transmission.
Related information
•
When changing wheels (p. 564)
• Recommended tire pressure (p. 559) Accessing the spare wheel
Follow these instructions regarding handling the
spare wheel. The spare wheel is stored in a bag and should be
secured with two straps onto the floor of the
trunk/cargo compartment when the vehicle is
being driven
12
. The straps should be strapped
down crosswise over the wheel, attached to the
load anchoring eyelets and pulled taut.
Wheel changing tools are located under the
cargo compartment floor.
Related information
• Spare wheel (p. 569)

WHEELS AND TIRES
}}
571
Snow tires
Snow tires are designed for winter driving.
Volvo recommends snow tires with specific
dimensions. The tire dimensions vary depending
on engine type. When driving with snow tires, the
correct type of tires must be mounted on all four
wheels.
NOTE Contact a Volvo dealer for advice on the best
choice of rims and tires.
Tips for changing snow tiresWhen switching between regular tires and snow
tires, mark the tires according to which side they
were mounted on, e.g. L for left and R for right.
Studded tiresStudded tires should be broken in by driving
500–1000 km (300–600 miles) slowly and gen-
tly to help the studs settle properly in the tires.
This gives the tire, and especially the studs, a
longer service life.
NOTE
Regulations regarding the use of studded
tires vary from country to country.
Tread depthRoad conditions with ice, slush and low tempera-
tures place considerably higher demands on tires
than summer conditions. Volvo therefore recom-
mends not driving on snow tires that have a tread
depth of less than 4 mm (0.15 inch).
Related information
•
When changing wheels (p. 564)
• Winter driving (p. 461)
• Tread wear indicator (p. 553) Snow chains
Using snow chains and/or snow tires can help
improve traction in winter driving conditions.
WARNING Use Volvo genuine snow chains or equivalent
snow chains that are suitable for the vehicle
model and the tire and wheel sizes. Only one-
sided snow chains are permitted.
If uncertain about snow chains, Volvo recom-
mends contacting an authorized Volvo work-
shop. Use of the wrong snow chains could
cause serious damage to the vehicle and
result in an accident.
12
The backrest in the third row of seats* must be folded down.