wheel torque ACURA TL 1995 Service Repair Manual

Description

The automatic transmission is a combination of a 3-element torque converter and a dual-shaft electronically controlled

automatic transmission which provides 4 speeds forward and 1 reverse. The entire unit is positioned in line with the engine.

Torque Converter, Gears and Clutches

The torque converter consists of a pump, turbine, and stator, assembled in a single unit. They are connected to the engine

crankshaft so they turn together as a unit as the engine turns. Around the outside of the drive plate is a ring gear which

meshes with the starter pinion when the engine is being started.

The entire torque converter assembly serves as a flywheel while transmitting power to the transmission mainshaft.

The transmission has two parallel shafts: the mainshaft and the countershaft. The mainshaft is in line with the engine

crankshaft. The mainshaft includes the 1st, 4th and 2nd clutches and gears for 4th, 1st, 2nd and reverse (3rd gear is integral

with the mainshaft). The countershaft includes the 3rd, 1st-hold and reverse clutches, and gears for 3rd, 4th, 1st, 2nd,

reverse and parking. The secondary drive gear is integrated with the countershaft. The gears on the mainshaft are in con-

stant mesh with those on the countershaft. When certain combinations of gears in the transmission are engaged by clutch-

positions.

and
es, power is transmitted from the mainshaft to the countershaft to provide

Electronic Control

The electronic control system consists of a Powertrain Control Module (PCM), sensors, a linear solenoid and four solenoid

valves. Shifting and lock-up are electronically controlled for comfortable driving under all conditions.

The PCM is located below the dashboard, under the front lower panel on the passenger's side.

Hydraulic Control

The lower valve body assembly includes the main valve body, the secondary valve body, the throttle valve body, the lin-

ear solenoid, the shift control solenoid valves and the ATF passage body. They are bolted on the lower part of the trans-

mission housing. The regulator valve body, the ATF pump body, and the accumulator body are bolted to the torque con-

verter housing.

The main valve body on '96 model contains the manual valve, the 1-2 shift valve, the 2-3 shift valve, the 3-4 shift valve, the

4-3 kick-down valve and the Clutch Pressure Control (CPC) valve. The main valve body on '97 model contains the manual

valve, the 1-2 shift valve, the 2-3 shift valve, the 3-4 shift valve, the 4-3 kick-down valve and the main orifice control valve.

The secondary valve body on '96 model contains the 3-4 orifice control valve, the 4-3 shift timing valve, the modulator valve

and the accumulator pistons.The secondary valve body on '97 model contains the 3-4 orifice control valve, the 4-3 shift tim-

ing valve, the line pressure control valve, the modulator valve and the accumulator pistons. The throttle valve body

includes the throttle valve which is bolted onto the secondary valve body. The linear solenoid is joined to the throttle valve

body. The regulator valve body contains the regulator valve, the lock-up shift valve and the cooler relief valve. Fluid from

the regulator passes through the manual valve to the various control valves. The ATF pump body contains the lock-up tim-

ing valve, the lock-up control valve and the relief valve. The torque converter check valve is located in the torque converter

housing under the ATF pump body. The accumulator body contains the accumulator pistons. The reverse accumulator and

the 1st-hold accumulator pistons are assembled in the rear cover.

The 1st, 1st-hold, 2nd and reverse clutches receive fluid from their respective feed pipes, and the 3rd and 4th clutches

receive fluid from the internal hydraulic circuit.

Shift Control Mechanism

Input from various sensors located throughout the vehicle determines which shift control solenoid valve the PCM will acti-

vate. Activating a shift control solenoid valve changes modulator pressure, causing a shift valve to move. This pressurizes a

line to one of the clutches, engaging the clutch and its corresponding gear.

er through a fluid passage, causing the lock-up piston to be held against the torque converter cover. As this takes place, the

mainshaft rotates at the same speed as the engine crankshaft. Together with hydraulic control, the PCM optimizes the tim-

ing of the lock-up mechanism. The lock-up valves control the range of lock-up according to lock-up control solenoid valves

A and B, and throttle valve. When lock-up control solenoid valves A and B activate, modulator pressure changes. The lock-

up control solenoid valves A and B are mounted on the torque converter housing, and are controlled by the PCM.

(cont'd)
Lock-up Mechanism

In
position, in 2nd, 3rd, and 4th, and
position in 3rd, pressurized fluid is drained from the back of the torque convert-ProCarManuals.com

Position

The power flow when decelerating is as follows:

1. Rolling resistance from the road surface goes through the front wheels to the secondary drive gear, then to the counter-

shaft 1st gear via the 1st-hold clutch which is applied during deceleration.

2. The 1st gear one-way clutch disengages at this time because the application of torque is reversed.

3. The counterforce conveyed to the countershaft 1st gear turns the mainshaft 1st gear. At this time, since hydraulic pres-

sure is also applied to the 1st clutch, counterforce is also transmitted to the mainshaft. As a result, engine braking can

be obtained with 1st gear.

TORQUE CONVERTER

MAINSHAFT 1ST GEAR

MAINSHAFT

SECONDARY

DRIVER GEAR
COUNTERSHAFT

COUNTERSHAFT

1ST GEAR

SECONDARY DRIVEN GEAR

(cont'd)
1ST CLUTCH

1ST-HOLD

CLUTCHProCarManuals.com

Position

The power flow when decelerating is as follows:

1. Rolling resistance from the road surface goes through the front wheels to the secondary drive gear, then to the counter-

shaft 1st gear via the 1st-hold clutch which is applied during deceleration.

2. Power transmitted to the countershaft 1st gear is conveyed via the 1st gear one-way clutch on the inside of the counter-

shaft 1st gear to the countershaft 2nd gear. The 1st gear one-way clutch is used to drive the countershaft 2nd gear.

3. The 2nd gear one-way clutch disengages at this time because the application of torque is reversed.

4. The counter-force conveyed to the countershaft 1st gear turns the mainshaft 2nd gear. At this time, since hydraulic pres-

sure is applied to the 2nd clutch, counterforce is transmitted to the mainshaft. As a result, engine braking can be

obtained with 2nd gear.

TORQUE CONVERTER

MAINSHAFT

2ND GEAR
2ND CLUTCH

MAINSHAFT

COUNTERSHAFT
SECONDARY

DRIVE GEAR

1ST-HOLD

CLUTCH

COUNTERSHAFT

1ST GEAR
1ST GEAR

ONE-WAY CLUTCH
COUNTERSHAFT

2ND GEARProCarManuals.com

Pressure Testin g — '96 Mode l
While testing , b e carefu l o f th e rotatin g fron t wheels .
Mak e sur e lifts , jack s an d safet y stand s ar e place d
properl y (se e sectio n 1 ).
CAUTION :
Befor e testing , b e sur e th e transmissio n flui d i s fille d
t o th e prope r level .
War m u p th e engin e befor e testing .
1 . Rais e th e fron t o f th e vehicle , an d suppor t i t wit h
safet y stand s (se e sectio n 1 ).
2 . Se t th e parkin g brake , an d bloc k bot h rea r wheel s
securely .
3 . Allo w th e fron t wheel s t o rotat e freely .
4 . War m u p th e engin e (th e radiato r fa n come s on) ,
the n sto p an d connec t a tachometer .
5 . Connec t th e specia l too l t o eac h inspectio n hole .
TORQUE : 1 8 N- m (1. 8 kgf-m , 1 3 Ibf-ft )
CAUTION : Connec t th e oi l pressur e gaug e securely ,
b e sur e no t t o allo w dus t an d othe r foreig n particle s
t o ente r th e inspectio n hole .
A/T OI L PRESSUR E GAUG E
SE T W/PANE L
0740 6 - 002040 0
A/ T LO W PRESSUR E
GAUG E W/PANE L
0740 6 - 007030 0
A/ T PRESSUR E HOSE ,
2210 mm07MAJ-PY4011 A
( 4 Required )
A/ T PRESSUR E HOS E
ADAPTE R07MAJ - PY4012 0
( 4 Required )
NOTE: Th e A/ T Oi l Pressur e Gaug e Se t
(07406-0020003 ) o r A/ T Lo w Pressur e Gaug e
(07406-0070000 ) ma y als o b e used . 6
. Measur e th e respectiv e pressur e a s follows .
Lin e Pressur e
Clutc h Pressur e
Clutc h Low/Hig h Pressur e
Throttl e B Pressur e
7 . Disconnec t th e specia l too l afte r testing .
8 . Instal l th e sealin g bol t wit h a ne w sealin g washe r i n
th e inspectio n hole , an d tighte n t o th e specifie d
torque .
TORQUE : 1 8 N- m (1. 8 kgf-m , 1 3 Ibf-ft )
NOTE : D o no t reus e ol d sealin g washers ; alway s
replac e washers .
Lin e Pressur e Measuremen t
1 . Star t th e engine , an d ru n i t a t 2,00 0 rpm .
2. Shif t t o o r position .
3. Measur e lin e pressure .
NOTE : Highe r pressur e ma y b e indicate d if measure -
ments ar e mad e i n shif t leve r position s othe r tha n
or position .
LINE PRESSUR E
INSPECTIO N HOL E
ProCarManuals.com

Pressure Testin g — '97 - '9 8 Model s
While testing , b e carefu l o f th e rotatin g fron t wheels .
Mak e sur e lifts , jack s an d safet y stand s ar e place d properl y (se e sectio n 1 ).
CAUTION :
Befor e testing , b e sur e th e transmissio n flui d is fille d to th e prope r level .
War m u p th e engin e befor e testing .
1 . Rais e th e fron t o f th e vehicle , an d suppor t i t wit h safet y stands .
2 . Se t th e parkin g brake , an d bloc k rea r wheel s securely .
3 . Allo w th e fron t wheel s t o rotat e freely .
4 . War m u p th e engin e (th e radiato r fa n come s on) , the n sto p an d connec t a tachometer .
5 . Connec t th e specia l too l t o lin e pressur e inspectio n hole .
TORQUE : 1 8 N- m (1. 8 kgfm , 1 3 Ibfft )
CAUTION : Connec t th e oi l pressur e gaug e securely , b e sur e no t t o allo w dus t an d othe r foreig n particle s t o ente r th e
inspectio n hole .
LINE PRESSUR E
INSPECTIO N HOL E
A/ T OI L PRESSUR E GAUG E
SE T W/PANE L
07406-0020400
A/T LO W PRESSUR E
GAUG E W/PANE L
07406-007030 0
A/T PRESSUR E HOS EADAPTE R07MAJ-PY4012 0
( 4 Required )
A/ T PRESSUR E HOSE ,
2210 mm07MAJ-PY4011 A(4 Required )
NOTE: Th e A/ T Oi l Pressur e Gaug e Se t (0740 6 - 0020003 ) o r A/ T Lo w Pressur e Gaug e (0740 6 - 0070000 ) ma y als o b e
used .
ProCarManuals.com

Steering Gearbo x
Installatio n (cont'd )
13. Reconnec t th e tie-ro d end s t o th e steerin g knuckles ,
tighte n th e castl e nu t t o th e specifie d torque , an d
instal l ne w cotte r pins .
NOTE : Befor e connectin g th e tie-ro d ends , chec k
th e bal l join t pi n tapere d sectio n an d thread s sec -
tio n fo r greas e contamination , an d wip e i t i f neces -
sary.
CAUTION : Torqu e th e castl e nu t t o th e lowe r
torqu e specification , the n tighte n it onl y fa r enoug h
t o alig n th e slo t wit h th e pi n hole . D o no t alig n th e
nu t b y loosening .
14 . Instal l th e fron t wheels .
15 . Fil l th e syste m wit h powe r steerin g fluid , an d blee d
ai r fro m th e syste m (refe r t o th e '9 5 - 9 8 Acur a
2.5T L Servic e Manual , P/ N 61SW504) .
16 . Afte r installation , perfor m th e followin g checks .
• Star t th e engine , allo w it t o idle , an d tur n th e
steerin g whee l fro m lock-to-loc k severa l time s t o
war m u p th e fluid . Chec k th e gearbo x fo r leaks .
• Adjus t th e fron t to e (se e sectio n 18 ).
• Chec k th e steerin g whee l spok e angle . Adjus t b y
turning the righ t an d lef t tie-rods , i f necessary .
NOTE : Tur n th e righ t an d lef t tie-rod s equally .
CASTLE NU T49 - 5 9 N- m(5. 0 - 6. 0 kgf-m , 3 6 - 4 3 Ibf-ft )
COTTE R PI NReplace .On reassembly , ben d
th e cotte r pi n a s shown .
ProCarManuals.com

Torque Specification s
CAUTION:
• Replac e th e self-lockin g nut s afte r removal .
• Th e vehicl e shoul d b e o n th e groun d befor e an y bolt s o r nut s connecte d t o rubbe r mount s o r bushing s ar e tightened .
• Torqu e th e castl e nu t t o th e lowe r torqu e specification , the n tighte n i t onl y fa r enoug h t o alig n th e slo t wit h th e pi n
hole . D o no t alig n th e nu t b y loosening .
NOTE : Wip e of f th e greas e befor e tightenin g th e nu t a t th e bal l joint .
SELF-LOCKIN G NU T10 x 1.2 5 mm29 N- m(3.0 kgf-m , 2 2 Ibf-ft )Replace .
FLANGE BOL T10 x 1.2 5 mm38 N- m(3.9 kgf-m , 2 8 Ibfft )
SELF-LOCKIN G NU T12 x 1.2 5 mm
- 6 4 N- m
(6.5 kgf-m , 4 7 Ibf-ft )Replace .
CASTLE NU T10 x 1.2 5 mm39 - 4 7 N- m(4. 0 - 4. 8 kgf-m , 2 9 - 3 5 Ibf-ft )
SELF-LOCKIN G NU T
12 x 1.2 5 mm69 N- m (7. 0 kgf-m , 5 1 Ibf-ft )
Replace .
CALIPER BRACKE TMOUNTING BOLT S110 N- m(11 kgf-m , 8 0 Ibf-ft )
CASTL E NU T
12 x 1.2 5 mm49 - 5 9 N- m(5. 0 - 6. 0 kgf-m , 36-4 3 Ibf-ft )
SELF-LOCKIN G NU T12 x 1.2 5 mm103 N- m(10. 5 kgf-m , 7 6 Ibf-ft )Replace .
SELF-LOCKIN G NU T10 x 1.2 5 mm38 N- m(3.9 kgf-m , 2 8 Ibf-ft )Replace .
CASTLE NU T14 x 2. 0 m m69 - 7 8 N- m(7. 0 - 8. 0 kgf-m , 5 1 - 5 8 Ibf-ft ) WHEE
L NU T
12 x 1. 5 m m108 N- m(11 kgf-m , 8 0 Ibf-ft )
SPINDL E NU T
24 x 1. 5 m m245 N- m (2 5 kgf-m , 18 1 Ibf-ft )Replace .
NOTE:• Befor e installin g th e spindl e nut , appl yengin e oi l t o th e seatin g surfac e o f th e nut .• Afte r tightening , us e a drif t t o stak e th espindl e nu t shoulde r agains t th e spindle .
FLANGE NU T10 x 1.2 5 mm38 N- m(3.9 kgf-m , 2 8 Ibf-ft )
FLANG E BOL T
10 x 1.2 5 mm50 N- m (5. 1 kgf-m ,
3 7 Ibf-ft )
FLANG E NU T
8 x 1.2 5 mm22 N- m(2.2 kgf-m , 1 6 Ibf-ft )
FLANG
E BOL T
(CORROSIO N RESISTAN T
BOLT)123 N- m(12. 5 kgf-m , 9 0 Ibf-ft )Replace .
WHEEL SENSO R
MOUNTIN G BOL T
9.8 N- m(1.0 kgf-m , 7 Ibf-ft )
SELF-LOCKIN
G NU T
12 x 1.2 5 mm54 N- m(5.5 kgf-m , 4 0 Ibf-ft )Replace .
ProCarManuals.com

Check for Wear and Damage

The starter should crank the engine smoothly and steadily.

If the starter engages, but cranks the engine erratically,

remove it, and inspect the starter drive gear and torque

converter ring gear for damage.

• Check the drive gear overrunning clutch for binding

or slipping when the armature is rotated with the

drive gear held. If the clutch is damaged, replace the

clutch assembly.

Check Cranking Voltage and Current Draw

Cranking voltage should be no less than 8.0 volts.

Current draw should be no more than 450 amperes.

If cranking voltage is too low, or current draw too high,

check for:

Dead or low battery

Open circuit in starter armature commutator segments

Starter armature dragging

Shorted armature winding

Excessive drag in engine

Check Cranking rpm

Engine speed during cranking should be above 100 rpm.

If speed is too low, check for:

Loose battery or starter terminals

Excessively worn starter brushes

Open circuit in commutator segments

Dirty or damaged helical spline or drive gear

Defective drive gear overrunning clutch

Check Starter Disengagement

With the shift lever in or , turn the ignition switch to

"START (III)", and release to "ON (II)". The starter drive

gear should disengage from the flywheel ring gear when

you release the key.

If the drive gear hangs upon the flywheel ring gear, check

for:

• Solenoid plunger and switch malfunction

• Dirty drive gear assembly or damaged overrunning

clutchProCarManuals.com

17. Tighten the steering wheel bolt to the specified

torque. Then install the driver's airbag.

TORX BOLTS

9.8 N-m (1.0 kgf-m, 7.2 Ibf-ft)

Replace.

Use a Torx T30 bit.

STEERING WHEEL BOLT

38 N-m (3.9 kgf-m, 28 Ibf-ft)
DRIVER'S

AIRBAG

18. Attach the cable reel 2P connector to the connector

holder. Then install the dashboard lower cover.

CONNECTOR

HOLDER

CABLE REEL

2P CONNECTOR

SRS
MAIN

HARNESS

DASHBOARD LOWER COVER
19. Reconnect the driver's airbag 2P connector to the

cable reel 2P connector, and reinstall the access

panel on the steering wheel.

20. Reconnect the battery positive cable, then the nega-

tive cable.

21. After installing the cable reel, confirm proper sys-

tem operation:

Turn the ignition ON (II); the SRS indicator light

should come on for about six seconds and then

go
off.

Make sure both horn buttons work.

Make sure the headlight and wiper switches

work.

Go for a test drive, and make sure the cruise con-

trol switches work.

22. Enter the anti-theft code for the radio, then enter the

customer's radio station presets.ProCarManuals.com

Main Bearings

Clearance

1. To check main bearing-to-journal oil clearance,

remove the main caps and bearing halves.

2. Clean each main journal and bearing half with a

clean shop towel.

3. Place one strip of plastigage across each main jour-

nal.

NOTE: If the engine is still in the car when you bolt

the main cap down to check clearance, the weight

of the crankshaft and flywheel will flatten the plasti-

gage further than just the torque on the cap bolt

and give you an incorrect reading. For an accurate

reading, support the crankshaft with a jack under

the counterweights and check only one bearing at a

time.

4. Reinstall the bearings and caps, then torque the

bolts.

1st step: 29 N-m (3.0 kgf-m, 22 Ibf-ft)

Final step: 74 N-m (7.5 kgf-m, 54 Ibf-ft)

NOTE: Do not rotate the crankshaft during inspec-

tion.

5. Remove the caps, and bearings again, and measure

the widest part of the plastigage.

Main Bearing-to-Journal Oil Clearance:

Standard (New): 0.018 - 0.048 mm

(0.0007 - 0.0019 in)

Service Limit: 0.053 mm (0.0021 in)

6. If the plastigage measures too wide or too narrow,

remove the crankshaft, and remove the upper half

of the bearing. '95 and '96 only: Install a new, com-

plete bearing with the same color (select the color

as shown in the right column of this page), and

recheck the clearance.

CAUTION: Do not file, shim, or scrape the bearings

or the caps to adjust clearance.

7. If the plastigage shows the clearance is still incor-

rect, try the next larger or smaller bearing (the color

listed above or below that one), and check again.

NOTE: If the proper clearance cannot be obtained

by using the appropriate larger or smaller bearings,

replace the crankshaft and start over.ProCarManuals.com