engine ALFA ROMEO GIULIA 2022 Repair Manual

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102

Setting a speed activates the system. The display
shows the icon in green with the set speed.
To Pause/Deactivate
With the feature enabled (speed not set), push
the on/off button to disable.
With the feature active (speed set), push the on/
off button to pause. The display will show the icon
in white with the speed in brackets. To deactivate
the feature, push the on/off button a second
time.
To Set A Desired Speed
When the vehicle reaches the desired speed,
push the RES/SET switch downward and release
it to activate the system. When the accelerator is
released, the vehicle will maintain the set speed
automatically.SET Switch
While the accelerator pedal is pressed, the
system will not be able to control the distance
between the vehicle and the one ahead. In this
case, the speed will be determined only by the
position of the accelerator pedal.
The system will return to normal operation as
soon as the accelerator pedal is released.
To Vary The Speed Setting
To Increase Or Decrease The Set Speed
Once the system has been activated, you can
increase the speed by pushing the RES/SET
switch upward or decrease the speed by pushing
the RES/SET switch downward. Each time the
switch is pushed, the speed is adjusted by 1 mph.
Pushing and holding the switch upward or
downward will cause the set speed to adjust in
5 mph increments until the button is released.
The new set speed is reflected in the instrument
cluster display.

NOTE:

Moving the RES/SET switch downward allows
you to adjust the speed according to the
selected unit of measurement ("U.S." or
"Metric") set on the radio system. Refer to the
Information and Entertainment System
Owner’s Manual Supplement for further
information.
When the unit of measurement is set to Metric,
pushing and holding the RES/SET switch will
adjust the speed in 10 km/h increments.
By keeping the accelerator pedal pressed, the
vehicle can continue to accelerate beyond the
set speed. In this case, use the RES/SET
switch to set the speed to the vehicle’s current
speed.
When you push the RES/SET button to reduce
the speed, the braking system intervenes
automatically if the engine brake does not
slow the vehicle down sufficiently to reach the
set speed. The device holds the set speed
uphill and downhill; however a slight variation
is entirely normal, particularly on slight
inclines.
The transmission could shift to a lower gear
when driving downhill, or when accelerating.
This is normal and necessary to maintain the
set speed.
The system will disable while driving if the
brakes overheat.
WARNING!
Leaving the Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
system on when not in use is dangerous. You
could accidentally set the system or cause it to
go faster than you want. You could lose control
and have a collision. Always leave the system
off when you are not using it.
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PARKSENSE DISPLAY
The driver can select the type of warning they
would like to be displayed through the radio
system. To access the function on the main
menu, select in the following order:
1. Driver Assistance
2. ParkSense
3. Mode
4. Sound and Display
Visual Indications
The system indicates the presence of an obstacle
by displaying a single red arc in the detected
area, in relation to the distance of the object and
the position of the vehicle.
If the obstacle is detected in the front or rear
central area, a single red arc will be displayed as
the obstacle approaches, first constant, then
flashing, in addition to an acoustic signal.
If the obstacle is detected in the front or rear left
and/or right area, a single red flashing arc will be
shown in the corresponding area on the display
and the system will emit an acoustic signal, either
at frequent intervals or constantly.
In general, the vehicle is closer to the obstacle
when a single red flashing arc is shown on the
display and the acoustic signal becomes
continuous.
If several obstacles are detected simultaneously
in the front and rear area, the display will show all
of them, regardless of the area in which they were
detected.It is not possible to exit from the display screen
while the vehicle is in REVERSE.
Acoustic Signal
In the presence of an obstacle at the front or the
rear of the vehicle, an acoustic signal with
variable frequency will sound:
The acoustic signal increases in frequency as
the distance between the vehicle and the
obstacle decreases.
The acoustic signal becomes continuous when
the distance between the vehicle and the
obstacle is less than 11 inches (30 cm), and
stops if the distance increases.
The acoustic signal is constant if the distance
between the vehicle and the obstacle is
unchanged.

NOTE:
If the sensors detect several front and rear obsta
-
cles, the closest obstacle is considered. An inter -
mittent signal will sound if the obstacles are at
the same distance (front and rear).
When the system emits an acoustic signal, the
volume of the radio system, if activated, is
automatically lowered.
An acoustic signal will not sound if the vehicle is
in PARK.
ENABLING AND DISABLING PARKSENSE
For vehicles only equipped with rear sensors, to
turn the system off, push the ParkSense button
located to the left of the headlight switch. The
indicator light within the button will illuminate
when the system is turned off. Pushing the button
a second time will turn the system back on, and
the indicator light will turn off. ParkSense On/Off Switch
For vehicles equipped with front and rear
sensors, to turn the front parking sensors off,
push the ParkSense button located to the left of
the headlight switch. The indicator light within the
switch will illuminate when the system is turned
off. Pushing the button a second time will turn the
front sensors back on, and the indicator light will
turn off.

NOTE:
Deactivation of both the front and rear parking
sensors can only be done through the radio
system.
The indicator light within the ParkSense system
switch will also be on in case of system failure. If
the switch is pushed with a system failure, the
indicator light will flash for approximately five
seconds. The light will then stay on constantly.

NOTE:
When the ignition is placed in the ON/RUN posi -
tion, the ParkSense system keeps the last state
when the engine was stopped (activated or deac -
tivated) in its memory.
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TURNING LANE KEEPING ASSIST ON OR
O
FF
The system is activated/deactivated by pressing
the button at the end of the multifunction lever.
Each time the engine is started, the system
maintains the operating mode that was selected
when it was previously turned off.
Activation/Deactivation Button
Activation Conditions
Once the activation button is pushed, the system
becomes active only if the following conditions
are met:

The car speed is higher than 37 mph (60 km/h).
(The system is deactivated at speeds equal to or
higher than 110 mph (180 km/h))

The lane limit lines are visible at least on one
side
There are suitable visibility conditions
The road is straight or with wide radius bends
A suitable distance is kept from the vehicle in
front
The turn signal (to indicate leaving the lane) is
not active
LANE KEEPING ASSIST WARNING
M
ESSAGE
The Lane Keeping Assist system also advises the
driver when the car changes lanes by showing
symbols and messages on the instrument cluster
display.
The message at the top of the display remains
active only until the main reconfigurable area of
the display is activated by pressing the TRIP
button located on the end of the windshield wiper
lever

Ú
page 66.
After activating the main reconfigurable area, the
Lane Keeping Assist system messages will be
shown in the instrument cluster display.
When the system is active and the lane markings
have not been detected, the display shows two
grey lane lines.
Lane Markings Not Detected Left Lane Departure — Only Left Lane Detected
When the system is active and only, for example,
the left lane marking has been detected, the
detected lane lights up in white on the display.
The system is ready to provide visual warnings on
the display in the event of unintentional exiting of
the lane (turn signal indicator not activated) to
the left.
Left Lane Marking Detected
When the system detects that the vehicle has
approached the lane marking and is about to
pass it, the left line on the display lights up in
yellow.
Left Lane Marking Approached
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(Continued)
Rear Back Up Camera Display
When enabled in the radio settings, active
guidelines are overlaid on the image to illustrate
the width of the vehicle and its projected backup
path based on the steering wheel position. A
dashed center line overlay indicates the center of
the vehicle to assist with parking. Different
colored zones indicate the distance to the rear of
the vehicle. The following table shows the
approximate distances for each zone: Messages On The Display
If the trunk lid is lifted, the camera will not detect
any obstacle behind the vehicle. The display will
show a dedicated warning message.
Make sure the trunk lid is closed by pushing next
to the lock until it clicks.
Important Notes
Ice, snow or mud on the surface of the camera
may reduce its sensitivity. It is important to
keep the camera surface clean, and free from
debris.
When parking, be aware of obstacles that may
be above or under the camera range.
REFUELING THE VEHICLE
Before refueling, make sure that the fuel type is
correct.
Also, stop the engine before refueling.

NOTE:
An inefficient catalytic converter leads to harmful
exhaust emissions, thus contributing to air pollu
-
tion.
AreaDistance From The Rear
Of The Vehicle
Red 0–11.8 inches
(0–30 cm)
Yellow 11.8 inches to
3.3 feet (30 cm–1 m)
Green 3.3 feet or more
(1 m or more)
WARNING!
Drivers must be careful when backing up even
when using the Rear Back Up Camera. Always
check carefully behind your vehicle, and be
sure to check for pedestrians, animals, other
vehicles, obstructions, or blind spots before
backing up. You are responsible for the safety
of your surroundings and must continue to pay
attention while backing up. Failure to do so
can result in serious injury or death.
CAUTION!
To avoid vehicle damage, Rear Back Up
Camera should only be used as a parking
aid. The Rear Back Up Camera is unable to
view every obstacle or object in your drive
path.
To avoid vehicle damage, the vehicle must
be driven slowly when using the Rear Back
Up Camera to be able to stop in time when
an obstacle is seen. It is recommended that
the driver look frequently over his/her
shoulder when using the Rear Back Up
Camera.
CAUTION!
Never introduce leaded fuel to the tank, even
in small amounts in an emergency, as this
would damage the catalytic converter beyond
repair.
CAUTION!
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REFUELING PROCEDURE
The fuel filler door is unlocked when the central
door locking system is unlocked. It is automat-
ically locked when the central locking system is
applied.
Opening The Fuel Filler Door
To refuel proceed as follows:
1. Open fuel filler door by pushing on the point shown by the arrow.
Fuel Door
2. Remove the fuel filler cap.
3. Insert the fuel nozzle fully into the filler pipe.
4. When the fuel nozzle “clicks” or shuts off, before removing the nozzle, wait for at least
10 seconds in order for the fuel to flow inside
the tank. 5. Remove the fuel filler nozzle, tighten the gas
cap about a quarter turn until you hear one
click. This is an indication that the cap is
properly tightened.
The label indicates the fuel type (UNLEADED
FUEL = gasoline).
Fuel Door Label
Emergency Fuel Door Opening
In the event of an emergency, the fuel filler door
can be opened from inside the trunk.
Proceed as follows:
1. Open the trunk and locate the emergency fuel filler release cap on the inside lining. Fuel Door Release Cap
2. Open the cap, and pull the cord inside to unlock the fuel filler door.
3. Open the fuel filler door by pushing on it (see the previous instructions).

NOTE:
If the filler compartment is washed with a pres -
sure washer, keep it at a distance of at least
8 inches (20 cm).
WARNING!
Never have any smoking materials lit in or
near the vehicle when the fuel door is open
or the tank is being filled.
Never add fuel when the engine is running.
This is in violation of most state and federal
fire regulations and may cause the MIL to
turn on.
A fire may result if gasoline is pumped into a
portable container that is inside of a vehicle.
You could be burned. Always place gas
containers on the ground while filling.
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SUGGESTIONS FOR
DRIVING
SAVING FUEL
The following are some suggestions which may
help you save fuel and lower the amount of
harmful emissions released into the atmosphere.
Vehicle Maintenance
Checks and operations should be carried out in
accordance with the Maintenance Plan

Ú
page 182.
Tires
Check the tire pressures at least once every four
weeks: if the pressure is too low, consumption
levels increase as resistance to rolling is higher.
Unnecessary Loads
Do not travel with an overloaded trunk. The
weight of the vehicle and its arrangement greatly
affect fuel consumption and stability.
Electric Devices
Use electrical systems only for the amount of
time needed. The rear window defroster,
additional headlights, windshield wipers and
heater blower fan require a considerable amount
of energy; increasing the current uptake
increases fuel consumption (by up to +25% when
city driving).
Climate Control System
Using the climate control system will increase
consumption: use standard ventilation when the
temperature outside permits. Devices for Aerodynamic Control
The use of non-certified devices for aerodynamic
control may adversely affect air drag and
consumption levels.
DRIVING STYLE
Starting
Do not warm up the engine at low or high revs
when the vehicle is stationary; this causes the
engine to warm up more slowly, thereby
increasing fuel consumption and emissions. It is
therefore advisable to drive off immediately,
slowly, avoiding high speeds: by doing this the
engine will warm up more quickly.
Unnecessary Actions
Avoid revving up when starting at traffic lights or
before stopping the engine. This action is
unnecessary and causes increased fuel
consumption and pollution.
Gear Selection
Use a high gear when traffic and road conditions
allow it. Using a low gear for faster acceleration
will increase fuel consumption. Improper use of a
high gear increases consumption, emissions and
engine wear.
Maximum Speed
Fuel consumption considerably increases as
speed increases. Maintain a constant speed,
avoiding unnecessary braking and acceleration,
which cost in terms of both fuel consumption and
emissions.
Acceleration

Accelerating violently severely affects consumption
and emissions: acceleration should be gradual and
should not exceed the maximum torque.

CONDITIONS OF USE
Cold Starting
Short trips and frequent cold starts will not allow
the engine to reach optimum operating
temperature. This results in a significant increase
in consumption levels (from +15 to +30% in city
driving) and emissions.
Traffic And Road Conditions
High fuel consumption is caused by heavy traffic,
for instance when traveling in traffic with
frequent use of low gears or in cities with many
traffic lights. Winding mountain roads and rough
road surfaces also adversely affect consumption.
Stops In Traffic
During prolonged stops (e.g. railway crossings),
turn off the engine.
TRANSPORTING PASSENGERS
WARNING!
It is extremely dangerous to leave children in
a parked vehicle when the temperature
outside is very high. The heat inside the
passenger compartment may have serious,
or even fatal, consequences.
Never travel in the trunk of the vehicle. In the
event of an accident, anyone inside the trunk
would be at greater risk of serious or even
fatal injury.
Ensure that all the occupants of the vehicle
wear their seat belts correctly and that any
children are positioned correctly on the
dedicated child restraint systems.
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127

TRANSPORTING ANIMALS
The intervention of the airbags may be dangerous
for an animal on the front seat. It is therefore
advised to arrange animals on the rear seat
inside dedicated cages restrained by the
vehicle’s seat belts.
Keep in mind that, in the event of a sudden
braking or an accident, an inadequately
restrained animal may be projected within the
passenger compartment, risking injury to the
animal itself and the other occupants of the
vehicle.
EXHAUST GAS
Exhaust emissions are very dangerous, and may
be lethal. They contain carbon monoxide, a
colorless, odorless gas which can cause fainting
and poisoning if inhaled.
To avoid inhaling carbon monoxide, take the
following measures:
Do not keep the engine running in closed
spaces.
If, for some reason (e.g. transporting bulky
loads), it is necessary to drive with the trunk
open, close all the windows and run the
climate control fan at maximum speed. DO
NOT activate air recirculation mode.
Should it be necessary to stay in the stationary
vehicle with engine running, adjust the
ventilation/heating system and operate the
fan in such a way that outside air will enter the
passenger compartment. Activate the
maximum fan speed.Maintenance of the exhaust system provides the
best protection against leaks of carbon monoxide
into the passenger compartment.
Should an unusual noise from the exhaust
system or the presence of exhaust gas in the
passenger compartment be identified, or if the
underbody or rear section of the vehicle is
damaged, have the entire exhaust system and
bodywork areas checked to identify any
components which are broken, damaged, worn or
have moved from their correct fitting position. If
any of these things occur, contact an authorized
dealer.
Open welding or loose connections may permit
exhaust gas to enter the passenger
compartment.
Check the exhaust system each time the vehicle
is raised for lubrication or oil change operations.
Replace the components if necessary, contact an
authorized dealer.
PERFORMANCE — QUADRIFOGLIO
This vehicle is equipped with an engine capable
of delivering exceptionally fast acceleration and
speed:
Peak power: 505 HP at 6500 RPM.
Peak torque: 443 ft-lb at 2500–5000 RPM.
Top speed: 191 mph (307 km/h).

Acceleration from 0 to 60 mph (0 to 100 km/h):
3.8 seconds.

For safe driving, it is essential, particularly during
the first days of use, to get to know the car by
driving carefully and gradually discovering its
performance. Brakes
The car braking system may be available with four
carbon-ceramic material brake discs, one on
each wheel.
In order to guarantee the maximum braking
capacity for the first use, Alfa Romeo performs a
“run-in” procedure for discs and pads directly at
the factory.
The use of carbon-ceramic material brake discs
guarantees braking features (better
deceleration/pedal load ratio, braking distances,
fading resistance) proportional to the dynamic
features of the car in addition to considerably
decreasing the unsprung component weight.
The materials used and the structural features of
the system could generate unusual noises which
have absolutely no adverse effect on correct
operation and reliability of the braking system.
Greater pressure may need to be applied to the
brake pedal the first time to keep the same
braking capacities in presence of condensation
or salt on the braking surfaces, for example after
washing or if the car is not used for a long time.

NOTE:
Given the high technological level of this system,
any servicing on it must be performed by an
authorized dealer which exclusively has the skills
needed for the repair and maintenance opera
-
tions.
In case of intensive, high-performance use of the
car, have the efficiency of the carbon-ceramic
material braking system inspected as shown on
the Maintenance Plan at an authorized dealer.
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Driving On Race Tracks
Before driving on a track using a racing style, it is
necessary to:
Attend a race track driving course.
Check all liquid levels in the engine
compartment.
Have the car inspected at an authorized
dealer.
Remember that the car was not designed to be
driven exclusively on the race track and that this
use increases stress and component wear.

NOTE:
Quadrifoglio front brakes are equipped with NAO
type pads (Non-Asbestos Organic). These pads
are NOT suitable for high thermal loads (for
example track use). If you want to use vehicle on
a track it is recommended to use the optional
CCM Brakes (Carbon Ceramic Brake disc). Preheating The Carbon Ceramic Material Brake
Discs (If Equipped)
The brake discs must be warmed up to make
them fully efficient. You are advised to perform
the following procedure to achieve optimal
efficiency:
Brake nine times from 80 mph to 18 mph
(130 km/h to 30 km/h) with deceleration
equal to 0.7g (the longitudinal acceleration
value is shown on the instrument panel display
by setting RACE mode and selecting the
“Performance” page) with 20 second intervals
between brake applications; keep the car at a
speed comprised between 37 mph and
62 mph (60 km/h and 100 km/h) and do not
brake for 4 minutes to allow the brakes to cool
down.
Brake three times from 124 mph to 18 mph
(200 km/h to 30 km/h) with deceleration
equal to 1.1g (ABS operation) with 30 second
intervals between brake applications; keep the
car at a speed comprised between 37 mph
and 62 mph (60 km/h and 100 km/h) and do not brake for 5 minutes to allow the brakes to
cool down.
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130

DYNAMIC STEERING TORQUE (DST)
DST uses the integration of the Electronic
Stability Control (ESC) system with the electric
power steering to increase the safety level of the
whole vehicle.
In critical situations (braking on surfaces with
different grip conditions), the ESC system
controls the steering through the DST function to
implement an additional torque contribution on
the steering wheel in order to suggest the most
correct maneuver to the driver.
The coordinated action of the brakes and
steering increases the sensation of safety and
control of the vehicle.

NOTE:
The DST feature is only meant to help the driver
realize the correct course of action through small
torques on the steering wheel, which means the
effectiveness of the DST feature is highly depen-
dent on the driver’s sensitivity and overall reac -
tion to the applied torque. It is very important to
realize that this feature will not steer the vehicle,
meaning the driver is still responsible for steering
the vehicle.
DRIVE TRAIN CONTROL (DTC) SYSTEM —
I
F EQUIPPED
Some models of this vehicle are equipped with an
All-Wheel Drive (AWD) system, which offers an
optimal drive for countless driving conditions and
road surfaces. The system reduces the slipping of
the tires to a minimum, automatically
redistributing the torque to the front and rear
wheels as needed. To maximize fuel savings, the vehicle with AWD
automatically passes to Rear-Wheel Drive (RWD)
when the road and environmental conditions are
such that they wouldn't cause the tires to slip.
When the road and environmental conditions
require better traction, the vehicle automatically
goes to AWD mode.

NOTE:
If the system failure symbol switches on, after
starting the engine or while driving, it means that
the AWD system is not working properly. If the
warning message activates frequently, it is
recommended to carry out the maintenance
operations.
ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL (ESC)
The ESC system improves the directional control
and stability of the vehicle in various driving
conditions.
The ESC system corrects the vehicle’s understeer
and oversteer, distributing the brake force on the
appropriate wheels. The torque supplied by the
engine can also be reduced in order to maintain
control of the vehicle.
Oversteer
occurs when the vehicle is turning
more than it should according to the angle of
the steering wheel.
Understeer occurs when the vehicle is turning
less than it should according to the angle of
the steering wheel.
The ESC system uses sensors installed on the
vehicle to determine the path that the driver
intends to follow and compares it with the
vehicle’s effective path. When the real path
deviates from the desired path, the ESC system
intervenes to counteract the above conditions. System Intervention
The intervention of the system is indicated by the
flashing of the ESC Warning Light on the
instrument panel, to inform the driver that the
vehicle stability and grip are critical.
WARNING!

Electronic Stability Control (ESC) cannot
prevent the natural laws of physics from
acting on the vehicle, nor can it increase the
traction afforded by prevailing road
conditions. ESC cannot prevent accidents,
including those resulting from excessive
speed in turns, driving on very slippery
surfaces, or hydroplaning. ESC also cannot
prevent accidents resulting from loss of
vehicle control due to inappropriate driver
input for the conditions. Only a safe, attentive,
and skillful driver can prevent accidents. The
capabilities of an ESC equipped vehicle must
never be exploited in a reckless or dangerous
manner which could jeopardize the user’s
safety or the safety of others.

Vehicle modifications, or failure to properly
maintain your vehicle, may change the
handling characteristics of your vehicle, and
may negatively affect the performance of the
ESC system. Changes to the steering system,
suspension, braking system, tire type and
size or wheel size may adversely affect ESC
performance. Improperly inflated and
unevenly worn tires may also degrade ESC
performance. Any vehicle modification or
poor vehicle maintenance that reduces the
effectiveness of the ESC system can
increase the risk of loss of vehicle control,
vehicle rollover, personal injury and death.
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131

HILL START ASSIST (HSA)
This is an integral part of the ESC system and
facilitates starting on slopes, activating automat-
ically in the following cases:
Uphill: vehicle stationary on a road with a
gradient higher than 5%, engine running,
brake pressed and transmission in NEUTRAL
(N) or gear other than REVERSE (R) engaged.
Downhill: vehicle stationary on a road with a
gradient higher than 5%, engine running,
brake pressed and REVERSE gear engaged.
When starting to move forward from a complete
stop, the ESC system control unit maintains the
braking pressure on the wheels until the engine
torque necessary for starting is reached, or in any
case for a maximum of two seconds, allowing
your right foot to be moved easily from the brake
pedal to the accelerator.
The system will automatically deactivate after two
seconds without starting, gradually releasing the
braking pressure. During this release stage, it is
possible to hear a typical mechanical brake
release noise, indicating the imminent movement
of the vehicle.
PANIC BRAKE ASSIST (PBA)
The PBA system is designed to improve the
vehicle’s braking capacity during emergency
braking.
The system detects emergency braking by
monitoring the speed and force with which the
brake pedal is pressed, and consequently applies
the optimal brake pressure. This can reduce the
braking distance; the PBA system therefore
complements the ABS.
Maximum assistance from the PBA system is
obtained by pressing the brake pedal very quickly.
In addition, the brake pedal should be pressed
continuously during braking, avoiding
intermittent presses, to get the most out of the
system. Do not reduce pressure on the brake
pedal until braking is no longer necessary. The PBA system is deactivated when the brake
pedal is released.
TRACTION CONTROL SYSTEM (TCS)
The TCS automatically operates in the event of
slipping, loss of grip on wet roads (hydroplaning),
and acceleration on one or both drive wheels on
roads that are slippery, snowy, icy, etc. Depending
on the slipping conditions, two different control
systems are activated:
If the slipping involves both drive wheels, the
system intervenes, reducing the power
transmitted by the engine.
If the slipping only involves one of the drive
wheels, the Brake Limited Differential (BLD)
function is activated, automatically braking the
wheel which is slipping (the behavior of a
self-locking differential is simulated). This will
increase the engine torque transferred to the
wheel which isn't slipping.
WARNING!
There may be situations where the Hill Start
Assist (HSA) will not activate and slight rolling
may occur, such as on minor hills or with a
loaded vehicle, or while pulling a trailer. HSA is
not a substitute for active driving involvement.
It is always the driver’s responsibility to be
attentive to distance to other vehicles, people,
and objects, and most importantly brake
operation to ensure safe operation of the
vehicle under all road conditions. Your
complete attention is always required while
driving to maintain safe control of your vehicle.
Failure to follow these warnings can result in a
collision or serious personal injury. WARNING!
The Panic Brake Assist (PBA) cannot prevent
the natural laws of physics from acting on the
vehicle, nor can it increase the traction
afforded by prevailing road conditions. PBA
cannot prevent collisions, including those
resulting from excessive speed in turns, driv -
ing on very slippery surfaces, or hydroplaning.
The capabilities of a PBA-equipped vehicle
must never be exploited in a reckless or dan -
gerous manner, which could jeopardize the
user's safety or the safety of others.
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