Water pump torque DODGE RAM 1500 1998 2.G User Guide

INSPECTION
Inspect manifold for cracks.
Inspect mating surfaces of manifold for flatness
with a straight edge. Gasket surfaces must be flat
within 0.2 mm per 300 mm (0.008 inch per foot).
INSTALLATION
EXHAUST MANIFOLD
(1) Install manifold gasket and manifold.
(2) Install manifold bolts and tighten to 25 N´m
(18 ft. lbs.).
(3) Install heat shield and tighten nuts to 15 N´m
(11 ft. lbs.).
(4) Lower engine.
CAUTION: Do not damage engine harness while
lowering the engine.
(5) Remove engine support fixture from engine.
(6) Raise vehicle.
(7) Tighten right and left side engine mount
through bolts.
(8) Install exhaust flange to pipe bolts.
(9) Lower vehicle.
(10) Connect negative battery cable.
TIMING/CHAIN COVER
REMOVAL
(1) Disconnect the battery negative cable.
(2) Remove air cleaner assembly.
(3) Drain cooling system.
(4) Remove accessory drive belt.
(5) Remove fan and fan drive assembly (Refer to 7
- COOLING/ENGINE/FAN DRIVE VISCOUS
CLUTCH - REMOVAL).
(6) Remove coolant bottle and washer bottle.
(7) Remove fan shroud.
NOTE: It is not necessary to disconnect A/C lines or
discharge freon.
(8) Remove A/C compressor and set aside.
(9) Remove the generator.
(10) Remove upper radiator hose.
(11) Disconnect both heater hoses at timing cover.
(12) Disconnect lower radiator hose at engine.
(13) Remove accessory drive belt tensioner and
both idler pulleys.
(14) Remove crankshaft damper(Refer to 9 -
ENGINE/ENGINE BLOCK/VIBRATION DAMPER -
REMOVAL).NOTE: Do not remove the hoses from the power
steering pump.
(15) Remove power steering pump and set aside.
(16) Remove the dipstick support bolt.
(17) Drain the engine oil.
(18) Remove the oil pan and pick up tube(Refer to
9 - ENGINE/LUBRICATION/OIL PAN - REMOVAL).
NOTE: It is not necessary to remove water pump for
timing cover removal.
(19) Remove timing cover bolts and remove cover.
INSTALLATION
(1) Clean timing chain cover and block surface.
NOTE: Always install a new gasket on timing cover.
(2) Install cover and new gasket. Tighten fasteners
to 28 N´m (250 in. lbs.).
NOTE: The large lifting stud is torqued to 55 N´m
(40 ft. lbs.).
(3) Install the oil pan and pick up tube(Refer to 9 -
ENGINE/LUBRICATION/OIL PAN - INSTALLA-
TION).
(4) Install the A/C compressor.
(5) Install the generator.
(6) Install power steering pump.
(7) Install the dipstick support bolt.
(8) Install the thermostat housing.
(9) Install crankshaft damper(Refer to 9 -
ENGINE/ENGINE BLOCK/VIBRATION DAMPER -
INSTALLATION).
(10) Install accessory drive belt tensioner assembly
and both idler pulleys.
(11) Install radiator lower hose.
(12) Install both heater hoses.
(13) Install radiator fan shroud.
(14) Install the fan and fan drive assembly
(15) Install the accessory drive belt.
(16) Install the coolant bottle and washer bottle.
(17) Install the upper radiator hose.
(18) Install the air cleaner assembly.
(19) Fill cooling system.
(20) Refill engine oil.
(21) Connect the battery negative cable.
DRENGINE - 5.7L 9 - 227
EXHAUST MANIFOLD (Continued)

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - CYLINDER
COMPRESSION/LEAKAGE TESTS
CYLINDER COMPRESSION PRESSURE
The results of a cylinder compression pressure test
can be utilized to diagnose several engine malfunc-
tions.
Ensure batteries are completely charged and the
engine starter motor is in good operating condition.
Otherwise, the indicated compression pressures may
not be valid for diagnostic purposes.
(1) Disconnect the fuel inlet line to the fuel trans-
fer pump. Plug the fuel line from the fuel tank.
(2) Start the engine and idle until the engine stalls
(runs out of fuel).
(3) Disconnect all three injector wire harness con-
nectors at the rocker housing.
(4) Remove the breather cover and cylinder head
cover.
(5) Remove the high pressure fuel line between the
cylinder head and fuel rail for the cylinder to be
tested. Use tool# 9011 to cap this fuel rail on the cyl-
inder being tested.
(6) Remove the exhaust rocker lever.
(7) Use Tool 9010 to remove the injector and cop-
per sealing washer.
(8) Install the exhaust rocker lever and torque to
36 N´m (27 ft. lbs.).
(9) Cover the remaining rocker levers with clean
shop towels to prevent any oil splatter under the
hood.
(10) Place a rag over the compression test tool fit-
ting. Crank the engine for 2±3 seconds to purge any
fuel that may have drained into the cylinder when
the injector was removed.
(11) Connect the compression test gauge.
(12) Crank the engine for 5 seconds and record the
pressure reading. Repeat this step three times and
calculate the average of the three readings.
NOTE: The minimum cylinder pressure is 350 psi.
Cylinder pressure should be within 20% from cylin-
der to cylinder.
(13) Combustion pressure leakage can be checked
if cylinder pressure is below the specification. Per-
form the leakage test procedure on each cylinder
according to the tester manufacturer instructions.
(14) Upon completion of the test check an erase
any engine related fault codes.
CYLINDER COMBUSTION PRESSURE LEAKAGE
The combustion pressure leakage test provides an
accurate means for determining engine condition.
Combustion pressure leakage testing will detect:²Exhaust and intake valve leaks (improper seat-
ing).
²Leaks between adjacent cylinders or into water
jacket.
²Any causes for combustion/compression pressure
loss
(1) Start and operate the engine until it attains
normal operating temperature.
(2) Remove the breather cover and cylinder head
cover.
(3) Disconnect all three injector wire harness con-
nectors at the rocker housing.
(4) Bring the cylinder to be tested to TDC.
(5) Remove the high pressure fuel line between the
cylinder head and the fuel rail for the cylinder to be
tested.
(6) Install capping Tool 9011 onto the rail.
(7) Remove the high pressure connector nut and
high pressure connector with Tool 9015.
(8) Remove the exhaust and intake rocker lever.
(9) Use Tool 9010 to remove the injector and cop-
per sealing washer.
(10) Install compression test Tool 9007 into the
injector bore.
(11) Connect the leakage tester and perform the
leakage test procedure on each cylinder according to
the tester manufacturer's instructions.
(12) Upon completion of the test check and erase
any engine related fault codes.
STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURE - FORM-IN-PLACE
GASKETS AND SEALERS
There are numerous places where form-in-place
gaskets are used on the engine. Care must be taken
when applying form-in-place gaskets to assure
obtaining the desired results.Do not use form-in-
place gasket material unless specified.Bead size,
continuity, and location are of great importance. Too
thin a bead can result in leakage while too much can
result in spill-over which can break off and obstruct
fluid feed lines. A continuous bead of the proper
width is essential to obtain a leak-free gasket.
There are numerous types of form-in-place gasket
materials that are used in the engine area. Mopart
Engine RTV GEN II, MopartATF-RTV, and Mopart
Gasket Maker gasket materials, each have different
properties and can not be used in place of the other.
MOPARtENGINE RTV GEN II
MopartEngine RTV GEN II is used to seal com-
ponents exposed to engine oil. This material is a spe-
cially designed black silicone rubber RTV that
retains adhesion and sealing properties when
exposed to engine oil. Moisture in the air causes the
DRENGINE 5.9L DIESEL 9 - 239
ENGINE 5.9L DIESEL (Continued)

(32) Disconnect fuel heater, water in fuel sensor,
and fuel lift pump connectors.
(33) Remove the fuel filter assembly-to-cylinder
head bolts and remove filter assembly from vehicle.
(34) Remove wire harness P-clip from cylinder
head (located behind filter housing).
(35) Remove the cylinder head cover(Refer to 9 -
ENGINE/CYLINDER HEAD/CYLINDER HEAD
COVER(S) - REMOVAL).
(36) Disconnect rocker housing injector harness
connectors.
(37) Remove injector harness nuts from injectors.
(38) Remove the rocker levers (Fig. 11), cross
heads and push rods (Fig. 12). Mark each component
so they can be installed in their original positions.
NOTE: The #5 cylinder exhaust and the #6 cylinder
intake and exhaust push rods are removed by lift-
ing them up and through the provided cowl panel
access holes. Remove the rubber plugs to expose
these relief holes.
(39) Remove the fuel return line and banjo bolt at
the rear of the cylinder head. Be careful not to drop
the two (2) sealing washers.
(40) Remove the fuel injectors (Refer to 14 - FUEL
SYSTEM/FUEL INJECTION/FUEL INJECTOR -
REMOVAL).
(41) Remove rocker housing bolts and rocker hous-
ing and gasket.(42) Reinstall the engine lift bracket at the rear of
cylinder head. Torque to 77 N´m (57 ft. lbs.).
(43) Remove twenty six (26) cylinder head-to-block
bolts.
(44) Attach an engine lift crane to engine lift
brackets and lift cylinder head off engine and out of
vehicle.
(45) Remove the head gasket and inspect for fail-
ure.
CLEANING
CLEANINGÐCYLINDER HEAD
CAUTION: Do not wire brush head surface while
fuel injectors are still installed. Fuel injector dam-
age can result.
Remove fuel injector before cleaning (if not already
removed during cylinder head removal).
Clean the carbon from the injector nozzle seat with
a nylon or brass brush.
Scrape the gasket residue from all gasket surfaces.
Wash the cylinder head in hot soapy water solution
(88ÉC or 140ÉF).
After rinsing, use compressed air to dry the cylin-
der head.
Polish the gasket surface with 400 grit paper. Use
an orbital sander or sanding block to maintain a flat
surface.
CLEANINGÐCROSSHEADS
Clean all crossheads in a suitable solvent. If neces-
sary, use a wire brush or wheel to remove stubborn
deposits. Rinse in hot water and blow dry with com-
pressed air.
Fig. 11 Rocker Arm and Pedestal Removal
1 - ROCKER ARM
2 - PEDESTAL
Fig. 12 Push Rod Removal
DRENGINE 5.9L DIESEL 9 - 251
CYLINDER HEAD (Continued)

(6) Apply a bead of MopartSilicone Rubber Adhe-
sive Sealant or equivalent to the gear housing cover
sealing surface.
(7) Install the cover to the gear housing, aligning
the seal pilot with the nose of the crankshaft (Fig.
70).
(8) Install the cover bolts and tighten to 24 N´m
(18 ft. lbs.) torque. Remove pilot tool.
(9) Install dust shield over nose of crankshaft.
(10) Install the crankshaft damper and speed indi-
cator ring. Torque the bolts to 40 N´m (30 ft. lbs.).
Then rotate an additional 60É. Use the engine bar-
ring tool to keep the engine from rotating during
tightening operation.
(11) Install the fan support/hub assembly and
torque bolts to 32 N´m (24 ft. lbs.).
(12) Install power steering pump.
(13) Install accessory drive belt tensioner. Torque
bolt to 43 Nm (32 ft.lbs.).
(14) Install cooling fan (Refer to 7 - COOLING/EN-
GINE/RADIATOR FAN - INSTALLATION).
(15) Install the accessory drive belt (Refer to 7 -
COOLING/ACCESSORY DRIVE/DRIVE BELTS -
INSTALLATION).
(16) Refill cooling system (Refer to 7 - COOLING -
STANDARD PROCEDURE).
(17) Connect battery negative cables.
(18) Start engine and check for oil leaks.
CRANKSHAFT OIL SEAL -
REAR
REMOVAL
(1) Disconnect the battery negative cables.
(2) Remove the transmission and transfer case (if
equipped).(3) Remove the clutch cover and disc (if manual
transmission equipped) (Refer to 6 - CLUTCH/
CLUTCH DISC - REMOVAL).
(4) Remove the flywheel or converter drive plate.
(5) Drill holes 180É apart into the seal. Be careful
not to contact the drill against the crankshaft.
(6) Install #10 sheet metal screws in the drilled
holes and remove the rear seal with a slide hammer
(Fig. 71).
INSTALLATION
CAUTION: The seal lip and the sealing surface on
the crankshaft must be free from all oil residue to
prevent seal leaks. The crankshaft and seal sur-
faces must be completely dry when the seal is
installed. Use a soap and water solution on outside
diameter of seal to ease assembly.
(1) Clean the crankshaft journal with a suitable
solvent and dry with a clean shop towel or com-
pressed air. Wipe the inside bore of the crankshaft
seal retainer with a clean shop towel.
(2) Inspect the crankshaft journal for gouges,
nicks, or other imperfections. If the seal groove in the
crankshaft is excessively deep, install the new seal
1/8º deeper into the retainer bore, or obtain a crank-
shaft wear sleeve that is available in the aftermar-
ket.
(3) Install the seal pilot and new seal, provided in
the replacement kit, onto the crankshaft.
(4) Remove the seal pilot.
(5) Install the installation tool over crankshaft.
(6) Using a ball peen hammer, strike the tool at
the 12, 3, 6, and 9 o'clock positions until the align-
ment tool bottoms out on the retainer (Fig. 72).
Fig. 70 Installing Front Cover with Seal Pilot
1 - SEAL PILOT
Fig. 71 Crankshaft Rear Seal Removal
1 - NO. 10 SCREW
2 - REAR SEAL
3 - CRANKSHAFT
4 - SLIDE HAMMER
9 - 276 ENGINE 5.9L DIESELDR
CRANKSHAFT OIL SEAL - FRONT (Continued)

FUEL DELIVERY - DIESEL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page page
FUEL DELIVERY - DIESEL
DESCRIPTION - DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM.....45
STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURES - WATER
DRAINING AT FUEL FILTER..............47
STANDARD PROCEDURES - CLEANING
FUEL SYSTEM PARTS.................47
STANDARD PROCEDURE - FUEL SYSTEM
PRIMING............................47
SPECIFICATIONS
FUEL INJECTOR FIRING ORDER - DIESEL . 48
TORQUE - FUEL SYSTEM - DIESEL
ENGINE.............................48
SPECIAL TOOLS
DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM.................49
FUEL FILTER / WATER SEPARATOR
DESCRIPTION.........................50
OPERATION...........................50
REMOVAL.............................50
INSTALLATION.........................50
FUEL HEATER
DESCRIPTION.........................51
OPERATION...........................51
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - FUEL HEATER . . . 52
REMOVAL
REMOVAL/INSTALLATION...............52
FUEL HEATER RELAY
DESCRIPTION.........................52
OPERATION...........................52
REMOVAL.............................52
INSTALLATION.........................53
FUEL INJECTION PUMP
DESCRIPTION.........................53
OPERATION...........................53
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - FUEL INJECTION
PUMP TIMING........................53
REMOVAL.............................54
INSTALLATION.........................55
FUEL LEVEL SENDING UNIT / SENSOR
DESCRIPTION.........................57
OPERATION...........................57
REMOVAL
REMOVAL/INSTALLATION...............57FUEL LINES
DESCRIPTION.........................57
OPERATION...........................57
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - HIGH-
PRESSURE FUEL LINE LEAKS...........58
REMOVAL.............................58
INSTALLATION.........................60
FUEL PRESSURE SENSOR
DESCRIPTION.........................60
OPERATION...........................60
REMOVAL.............................60
INSTALLATION.........................61
FUEL PRESSURE LIMITING VALVE
DESCRIPTION.........................61
OPERATION...........................61
REMOVAL.............................61
INSTALLATION.........................61
FUEL TANK
DESCRIPTION - DIESEL..................62
REMOVAL - DIESEL.....................62
INSTALLATION - DIESEL.................62
FUEL TANK MODULE
DESCRIPTION.........................63
OPERATION...........................63
REMOVAL.............................63
INSTALLATION.........................64
FUEL TRANSFER PUMP
DESCRIPTION.........................64
OPERATION...........................64
REMOVAL.............................64
INSTALLATION.........................65
CASCADE OVERFLOW VALVE
DESCRIPTION.........................66
OPERATION...........................66
REMOVAL
REMOVAL/INSTALLATION...............66
WATER IN FUEL SENSOR
DESCRIPTION.........................66
OPERATION...........................66
REMOVAL.............................66
FUEL DRAIN CIRCUIT
OPERATION...........................67
14 - 44 FUEL DELIVERY - DIESELDR

SPECIFICATIONS
FUEL INJECTOR FIRING ORDER - DIESEL
1±5±3±6±2±4
TORQUE - FUEL SYSTEM - DIESEL ENGINE
DESCRIPTION N-m Ft. Lbs. In. Lbs.
Accelerator Pedal Bracket Mounting 12 - 105
Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
Bracket-to-Battery Tray Bolts3-30
Crankshaft Position Sensor 9 80
Camshaft Position Sensor 9 - 80
Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 18 15 160
Rear Engine Lift Bracket Bolts 77 56 -
Fuel Connector Nut at Cylinder Head 50 37 -
Fuel Filler Hose Clamp at Tank 3 - 30
Fuel Filler Housing-to-Body Screws 2 - 17
Fuel Filter Lid 34 25 -
Fuel Filter Drain Valve Screws 1.5 - 14
Fuel Heater Element Screws 1.5 - 14
Fuel Pump Module Lock Ring 54 40 -
Fuel Line Banjo Fitting Bolts 24 18 -
Fuel Line Fittings (High-Pressure - Pump
to Rail)37 27 -
Fuel Line Fittings (High-Pressure -
Cylinder head to Rail)30 22 -
Bracket Over #6 Fuel Line (Bolts) 43 32 -
Fuel Injector Solenoid Nuts 1.25 - 11
Fuel Injection Pump-to-Gear Shaft Nut 105 77 -
Fuel Injection Pump Mounting Nuts 24 18 -
Fuel Line Support Clamps (High-
Pressure)24 18 -
Fuel Pressure Sensor 70 52 -
Fuel Pressure Limiting Valve (Banjo Bolt) 24 17 -
Fuel Pressure Limiting Valve (In Fuel
Rail)70 52 -
Fuel Rail Mounting Bolts 24 18 200
Fuel Tank Mounting Straps 41 30 -
Map Sensor Mounting Screws 1 - 9
ECM-to-Engine Bracket Mounting Bolts 24 18 -
ECM Electrical Harness Connector 3 - 27
Water-In-Fuel Sensor 4.5 - 39
14 - 48 FUEL DELIVERY - DIESELDR
FUEL DELIVERY - DIESEL (Continued)

INSTALLATION
CAUTION: Whenever the fuel tank module is ser-
viced, the rubber gasket must be replaced.
(1) Thoroughly clean locknut and locknut threads
at top of tank.(2) Using new gasket, carefully position fuel tank
module into opening in fuel tank.
(3) Position locknut over top of fuel tank module.
Install locknut finger tight.
(4) When looking down at tank from drivers side of
tank, the fuel line connectors and fuel gauge electri-
cal connector should all be pointed to drivers side of
vehicle. Rotate and align if necessary before tighten-
ing locknut.This step must be performed to pre-
vent the module's float from contacting side of
fuel tank.
(5) Tighten locknut to 24 - 44 N´m (18 - 32 ft. lbs.)
torque.
(6) Install fuel tank. Refer to Fuel Tank Removal/
Installation.
FUEL TRANSFER PUMP
DESCRIPTION
The fuel transfer pump (fuel lift pump) is attached
to the rear of the fuel filter/water separator housing.
The 12±volt electric pump is operated and controlled
by the Engine Control Module (ECM).
OPERATION
The purpose of the fuel transfer pump is to supply
(transfer) a low-pressure fuel source:fromthe fuel
tank,throughthe fuel filter/water separator andto
the fuel injection pump. Here, the low-pressure is
raised to a high-pressure by the fuel injection pump
for operation of the high-pressure fuel injectors.
Check valves within the pump, control direction of
fuel flow and prevent fuel bleed-back during engine
shut down.
Maximum current flow to the pump is 5 amperes.
With the engine running, the pump has a 100 per-
cent duty-cycle.
The transfer pump is self-priming: When the key is
first turned on (without cranking engine), the pump
will operate for approximately 2 seconds and then
shut off. The pump will also operate for up to 25 sec-
onds after the starter is engaged, and then disen-
gaged and the engine is not running. The pump
shuts off immediately if the key is on and the engine
stops running.
The fuel volume of the transfer pump will always
provide more fuel than the fuel injection pump
requires. Excess fuel is returned from the injection
pump through an overflow valve, and then back to
the fuel tank.
REMOVAL
The fuel transfer pump (fuel lift pump) is attached
to the rear of the fuel filter/water separator housing
(Fig. 23).
Fig. 21 FUEL TANK MODULE - DIESEL
1 - TOP OF FUEL TANK
2 - AUX. FITTING
3 - ELEC. CONNECTOR
4 - FUEL TANK MODULE (TOP)
5 - LOCKNUT
6 - FUEL SUPPLY LINE
7 - FUEL RETURN LINE
Fig. 22 LOCKNUT REMOVAL/INSTALLATION -
TYPICAL MODULE
1 - SPECIAL TOOL 6856
2 - LOCKNUT
14 - 64 FUEL DELIVERY - DIESELDR
FUEL TANK MODULE (Continued)

(2) Heavy duty operation with a vehicle not prop-
erly equipped for this type of operation. Trailer tow-
ing or similar high load operation will overheat the
transmission fluid if the vehicle is improperly
equipped. Such vehicles should have an auxiliary
transmission fluid cooler, a heavy duty cooling sys-
tem, and the engine/axle ratio combination needed to
handle heavy loads.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - FLUID
CONTAMINATION
Transmission fluid contamination is generally a
result of:
²adding incorrect fluid
²failure to clean dipstick and fill tube when
checking level
²engine coolant entering the fluid
²internal failure that generates debris
²overheat that generates sludge (fluid break-
down)
²failure to replace contaminated converter after
repair
The use of non-recommended fluids can result in
transmission failure. The usual results are erratic
shifts, slippage, abnormal wear and eventual failure
due to fluid breakdown and sludge formation. Avoid
this condition by using recommended fluids only.
The dipstick cap and fill tube should be wiped
clean before checking fluid level. Dirt, grease and
other foreign material on the cap and tube could fall
into the tube if not removed beforehand. Take the
time to wipe the cap and tube clean before withdraw-
ing the dipstick.
Engine coolant in the transmission fluid is gener-
ally caused by a cooler malfunction. The only remedy
is to replace the radiator as the cooler in the radiator
is not a serviceable part. If coolant has circulated
through the transmission, an overhaul is necessary.
The torque converter should also be replaced when-
ever a failure generates sludge and debris. This is
necessary because normal converter flushing proce-
dures will not remove all contaminants.
STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURE - FLUID LEVEL
CHECK
Low fluid level can cause a variety of conditions
because it allows the pump to take in air along with
the fluid. As in any hydraulic system, air bubbles
make the fluid spongy, therefore, pressures will be
low and build up slowly.
Improper filling can also raise the fluid level too
high. When the transmssion has too much fluid, thegeartrain churns up foam and cause the same condi-
tions which occur with a low fluid level.
In either case, air bubbles can cause overheating
and/or fluid oxidation, and varnishing. This can
interfere with normal valve, clutch, and accumulator
operation. Foaming can also result in fluid escaping
from the transmission vent where it may be mis-
taken for a leak.
After the fluid has been checked, seat the dipstick
fully to seal out water and dirt.
The transmission has a dipstick to check oil level.
It is located on the right side of the engine. Be sure
to wipe all dirt from dipstick handle before removing.
Fluid level is checked with the engine running at
curb idle speed, the transmission in NEUTRAL and
the transmission fluid at normal operating tempera-
ture.The engine should be running at idle
speed for at least one minute, with the vehicle
on level ground.
The transmission fluid level can be checked two
ways.
PROCEDURE ONE
(1) Transmission fluid must be at normal operat-
ing temperature for accurate fluid level check. Drive
vehicle if necessary to bring fluid temperature up to
normal hot operating temperature of 82ÉC (180ÉF).
(2) Position vehicle on level surface.
(3) Start and run engine at curb idle speed.
(4) Apply parking brakes.
(5) Shift transmission momentarily into all gear
ranges. Then shift transmission back to NEUTRAL.
(6) Clean top of filler tube and dipstick to keep
dirt from entering tube.
(7) Remove dipstick (Fig. 87) and check fluid level
as follows:
(a) Correct acceptable level is in crosshatch area.
(b) Correct maximum level is to MAX arrow
mark.
(c) Incorrect level is at or below MIN line.
(d) If fluid is low, add only enough MopartAT F
+4 to restore correct level. Do not overfill.
Fig. 87 Dipstick Fluid Level Marks - Typical
1 - DIPSTICK
2 - MAXIMUM CORRECT FLUID LEVEL
3 - ACCEPTABLE FLUID LEVEL
21 - 202 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION - 48REDR
FLUID AND FILTER (Continued)

FLUID AND FILTER
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - EFFECTS OF
INCORRECT FLUID LEVEL
A low fluid level allows the pump to take in air
along with the fluid. Air in the fluid will cause fluid
pressures to be low and develop slower than normal.
If the transmission is overfilled, the gears churn the
fluid into foam. This aerates the fluid and causing
the same conditions occurring with a low level. In
either case, air bubbles cause fluid overheating, oxi-
dation and varnish buildup which interferes with
valve and clutch operation. Foaming also causes fluid
expansion which can result in fluid overflow from the
transmission vent or fill tube. Fluid overflow can eas-
ily be mistaken for a leak if inspection is not careful.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - CAUSES OF
BURNT FLUID
Burnt, discolored fluid is a result of overheating
which has three primary causes.
(1) Internal clutch slippage, usually caused by low
line pressure, inadequate clutch apply pressure, or
clutch seal failure.
(2) A result of restricted fluid flow through the
main and/or auxiliary cooler. This condition is usu-
ally the result of a faulty or improperly installed
drainback valve, a damaged main cooler, or severe
restrictions in the coolers and lines caused by debris
or kinked lines.
(3) Heavy duty operation with a vehicle not prop-
erly equipped for this type of operation. Trailer tow-
ing or similar high load operation will overheat the
transmission fluid if the vehicle is improperly
equipped. Such vehicles should have an auxiliary
transmission fluid cooler, a heavy duty cooling sys-
tem, and the engine/axle ratio combination needed to
handle heavy loads.
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING - FLUID
CONTAMINATION
Transmission fluid contamination is generally a
result of:
²adding incorrect fluid
²failure to clean dipstick and fill tube when
checking level
²engine coolant entering the fluid
²internal failure that generates debris
²overheat that generates sludge (fluid break-
down)
²failure to replace contaminated converter after
repairThe use of non-recommended fluids can result in
transmission failure. The usual results are erratic
shifts, slippage, abnormal wear and eventual failure
due to fluid breakdown and sludge formation. Avoid
this condition by using recommended fluids only.
The dipstick cap and fill tube should be wiped
clean before checking fluid level. Dirt, grease and
other foreign material on the cap and tube could fall
into the tube if not removed beforehand. Take the
time to wipe the cap and tube clean before withdraw-
ing the dipstick.
Engine coolant in the transmission fluid is gener-
ally caused by a cooler malfunction. The only remedy
is to replace the radiator as the cooler in the radiator
is not a serviceable part. If coolant has circulated
through the transmission, an overhaul is necessary.
The torque converter should also be replaced when-
ever a failure generates sludge and debris. This is
necessary because normal converter flushing proce-
dures will not remove all contaminants.
STANDARD PROCEDURE
STANDARD PROCEDURE - FLUID LEVEL
CHECK
Low fluid level can cause a variety of conditions
because it allows the pump to take in air along with
the fluid. As in any hydraulic system, air bubbles
make the fluid spongy, therefore, pressures will be
low and build up slowly.
Improper filling can also raise the fluid level too
high. When the transmssion has too much fluid, the
geartrain churns up foam and cause the same condi-
tions which occur with a low fluid level.
In either case, air bubbles can cause overheating
and/or fluid oxidation, and varnishing. This can
interfere with normal valve, clutch, and accumulator
operation. Foaming can also result in fluid escaping
from the transmission vent where it may be mis-
taken for a leak.
After the fluid has been checked, seat the dipstick
fully to seal out water and dirt.
The transmission has a dipstick to check oil level.
It is located on the right side of the engine. Be sure
to wipe all dirt from dipstick handle before removing.
The torque converter fills in both the P (PARK)
and N (NEUTRAL) positions. Place the selector lever
in P (PARK) to be sure that the fluid level check is
accurate.The engine should be running at idle
speed for at least one minute, with the vehicle
on level ground.At normal operating temperature
(approximately 82 C. or 180 F.), the fluid level is cor-
rect if it is in the HOT region (cross-hatched area) on
the oil level indicator. The fluid level will be approx-
21 - 366 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION - 45RFE/545RFEDR

DEPLOYMENT - STANDARD
PROCEDURE, SERVICE AFTER A
SUPPLEMENTAL RESTRAINT............8O-7
DETECTION ASSY - DESCRIPTION,
NATURAL VAC LEAK..................25-23
DETECTION ASSY - INSTALLATION,
NATURAL VAC LEAK..................25-25
DETECTION ASSY - OPERATION,
NATURAL VAC LEAK..................25-23
DETECTION ASSY - REMOVAL, NATURAL
VAC LEAK..........................25-24
DETECTION PUMP - DESCRIPTION, LEAK . 25-13
DETECTION PUMP - INSTALLATION,
LEAK..............................25-16
DETECTION PUMP - OPERATION, LEAK . . . 25-14
DETECTION PUMP - REMOVAL, LEAK....25-16
DEVICES - STANDARD PROCEDURE,
ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD)
SENSITIVE........................8W-01-8
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES -
DESCRIPTION........................25-1
DIAGNOSTICS (OBD) - DIAGNOSIS AND
TESTING, ON-BOARD...................7-5
DIAGRAMS - DESCRIPTION, HOW TO
USE WIRING......................8W-01-1
DIAGRAMS - HYDRAULIC SCHEMATICS,
SCHEMATICS.................21-176,21-337
DIESEL - CLEANING, RADIATOR - 5.9L....7-56
DIESEL - CLEANING, RADIATOR FAN -
5.9L................................7-35
DIESEL - CLEANING, WATER PUMP -
5.9L................................7-62
DIESEL - DESCRIPTION.................14-62
DIESEL - DESCRIPTION, 5.9L............11-3
DIESEL - DESCRIPTION, BELT
TENSIONER - 5.9L.....................7-23
DIESEL - DESCRIPTION, COOLING
SYSTEM FLOW - 5.9L...................7-3
DIESEL - DESCRIPTION, ENGINE 5.9L....9-232
DIESEL - DESCRIPTION, ENGINE BLOCK
HEATER - 5.9L........................7-37
DIESEL - DESCRIPTION, ENGINE
COOLANT THERMOSTAT - 5.9L...........7-46
DIESEL - DESCRIPTION, FAN DRIVE
VISCOUS CLUTCH - 5.9L...............7-52
DIESEL - DESCRIPTION, RADIATOR -
5.9L................................7-56
DIESEL - DESCRIPTION, TRANS COOLER
- 5.9L..............................7-68
DIESEL - DESCRIPTION, WATER PUMP -
5.9L................................7-62
DIESEL - FUEL INJECTOR FIRING ORDER . 14-48
DIESEL - INSPECTION, RADIATOR - 5.9L . . . 7-56
DIESEL - INSPECTION, RADIATOR FAN -
5.9L................................7-35
DIESEL - INSPECTION, TAILPIPE - 5.9L . . . 11-10
DIESEL - INSPECTION, WATER PUMP -
5.9L................................7-62
DIESEL - INSTALLATION................11-8
DIESEL - INSTALLATION...............14-62
DIESEL - INSTALLATION.....19-26,19-31,19-42
DIESEL - INSTALLATION, BELT
TENSIONER - 5.9L.....................7-24
DIESEL - INSTALLATION, DRIVE BELT -
5.9L
................................7-29
DIESEL - INSTALLATION, ENGINE BLOCK
HEATER - 5.9L
........................7-38
DIESEL - INSTALLATION, ENGINE
COOLANT THERMOSTAT - 5.9L
...........7-47
DIESEL - INSTALLATION, EXCEPT
........14-19
DIESEL - INSTALLATION, MUFFLER -
5.9L
...............................11-10
DIESEL - INSTALLATION, RADIATOR -
5.9L
................................7-57
DIESEL - INSTALLATION, RADIATOR FAN
- 5.9L
..............................7-36
DIESEL - INSTALLATION, TAILPIPE - 5.9L
. 11-11
DIESEL - INSTALLATION, WATER PUMP -
5.9L
................................7-62
DIESEL - MAINTENANCE SCHEDULES,
24-VALVE CUMMINS TURBO
.............0-12
DIESEL - OPERATION, BELT TENSIONER
- 5.9L
..............................7-23
DIESEL - OPERATION, ENGINE BLOCK
HEATER - 5.9L
........................7-38
DIESEL - OPERATION, ENGINE COOLANT
THERMOSTAT - 5.9L
...................7-46DIESEL - OPERATION, FAN DRIVE
VISCOUS CLUTCH - 5.9L...............7-52
DIESEL - OPERATION, RADIATOR - 5.9L . . . 7-56
DIESEL - OPERATION, TRANS COOLER -
5.9L................................7-69
DIESEL - OPERATION, WATER PUMP -
5.9L................................7-62
DIESEL - REMOVAL....................11-7
DIESEL - REMOVAL...................14-62
DIESEL - REMOVAL.........19-25,19-30,19-41
DIESEL - REMOVAL, BELT TENSIONER -
5.9L................................7-23
DIESEL - REMOVAL, DRIVE BELT - 5.9L....7-29
DIESEL - REMOVAL, ENGINE BLOCK
HEATER - 5.9L........................7-38
DIESEL - REMOVAL, ENGINE COOLANT
THERMOSTAT - 5.9L...................7-47
DIESEL - REMOVAL, EXCEPT...........14-17
DIESEL - REMOVAL, MUFFLER - 5.9L.....11-10
DIESEL - REMOVAL, RADIATOR - 5.9L.....7-56
DIESEL - REMOVAL, RADIATOR FAN -
5.9L................................7-35
DIESEL - REMOVAL, TAILPIPE - 5.9L.....11-10
DIESEL - REMOVAL, WATER PUMP -
5.9L................................7-62
DIESEL - SPECIFICATIONS, 5.9L.........9-244
DIESEL - TORQUE, FUEL SYSTEM -
EXCEPT.............................14-3
DIESEL ENGINE - DESCRIPTION, FUEL
REQUIREMENTS.......................0-1
DIESEL ENGINE - DIAGNOSIS AND
TESTING............................11-5
DIESEL ENGINE - DIAGNOSIS AND
TESTING, COOLING SYSTEM.............7-7
DIESEL ENGINE - INSTALLATION........8R-17
DIESEL ENGINE - INSTALLATION, 5.9L . . . 24-54,
24-58,24-72
DIESEL ENGINE - INSTALLATION,
EXCEPT............................8R-17
DIESEL ENGINE - REMOVAL............8R-16
DIESEL ENGINE - REMOVAL, 5.9L . . 24-53,24-56,
24-70
DIESEL ENGINE - REMOVAL, EXCEPT....8R-15
DIESEL ENGINE - STANDARD
PROCEDURE, DRAINING COOLING
SYSTEM 5.9L........................7-18
DIESEL ENGINE - STANDARD
PROCEDURE, REFILLING COOLING
SYSTEM 5.9L........................7-19
DIESEL ENGINE - TORQUE, FUEL
SYSTEM............................14-48
DIESEL ENGINE, SPECIAL TOOLS - 5.9L . . 9-246
DIESEL ENGINES - DESCRIPTION,
ENGINE OIL...........................0-2
DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM - DESCRIPTION . . . 14-45
DIESEL FUEL SYSTEM, SPECIAL TOOLS . . 14-49
DIESEL ONLY - ASSEMBLY, 5.9L..........7-70
DIESEL ONLY - DISASSEMBLY, 5.9L.......7-70
DIFFERENTIAL - ASSEMBLY . . . 3-129,3-156,3-47,
3-73,3-99
DIFFERENTIAL - DISASSEMBLY....3-128,3-155,
3-47,3-72,3-98
DIFFERENTIAL - INSTALLATION....3-130,3-157,
3-48,3-74,3-99
DIFFERENTIAL - REMOVAL
. . . 3-127,3-155,3-46,
3-72,3-97
DIFFERENTIAL CASE BEARINGS -
INSTALLATION
....3-106,3-134,3-161,3-48,3-75
DIFFERENTIAL CASE BEARINGS -
REMOVAL
........3-105,3-134,3-161,3-48,3-75
DIFFERENTIAL COVER - INSTALLATION
....3-97
DIFFERENTIAL COVER - REMOVAL
........3-97
DIFFERENTIAL TRAC-RITE - ASSEMBLY
. . 3-133,
3-161
DIFFERENTIAL TRAC-RITE - CLEANING
. . . 3-132,
3-160
DIFFERENTIAL TRAC-RITE -
DESCRIPTION
..................3-131,3-158
DIFFERENTIAL TRAC-RITE -
DISASSEMBLY
..................3-131,3-158
DIFFERENTIAL TRAC-RITE - INSPECTION
. 3-132,
3-160
DIFFERENTIAL TRAC-RITE - OPERATION
. . 3-131,
3-158
DIFFERENTIAL-TRAC-LOK - ASSEMBLY
. . . 3-103
DIFFERENTIAL-TRAC-LOK -
DESCRIPTION
.......................3-100DIFFERENTIAL-TRAC-LOK - DIAGNOSIS
AND TESTING.......................3-100
DIFFERENTIAL-TRAC-LOK -
DISASSEMBLY.......................3-101
DIFFERENTIAL-TRAC-LOK - OPERATION . . . 3-100
DIMENSIONS - SPECIFICATIONS, BODY
OPENING...........................23-99
DIMENSIONS - SPECIFICATIONS, FRAME . . 13-16
DIODE - INSTALLATION............8W-01-14
DIODE - REMOVAL................8W-01-14
DIODE REPLACEMENT - STANDARD
PROCEDURE........................24-45
DISC - INSTALLATION, CLUTCH...........6-5
DISC - REMOVAL, CLUTCH...............6-5
DISC BRAKE CALIPER ADAPTER MOUNT
- INSTALLATION......................5-22
DISC BRAKE CALIPERS - DESCRIPTION....5-16
DISC BRAKE CALIPERS - OPERATION.....5-16
DISC BRAKE ROTOR, DIAGNOSIS AND
TESTING............................5-32
DISCHARGE (ESD) SENSITIVE DEVICES -
STANDARD PROCEDURE,
ELECTROSTATIC...................8W-01-8
DISCHARGE LINE - DESCRIPTION, A/C....24-56
DISPLAY TEST MODE - DESCRIPTION,
STATE ..............................25-1
DISTRIBUTION - DESCRIPTION, POWER . 8W-97-1
DISTRIBUTION - OPERATION, POWER . . 8W-97-1
DISTRIBUTION DUCT - INSTALLATION,
FLOOR.............................24-34
DISTRIBUTION DUCT - REMOVAL,
FLOOR.............................24-33
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, SPECIAL
TOOLS - POWER...................8W-97-2
DOME LAMP - DESCRIPTION...........8L-26
DOME LAMP - INSTALLATION..........8L-26
DOME LAMP - OPERATION.............8L-26
DOME LAMP - REMOVAL..............8L-26
DOOR - INSTALLATION...........23-18,23-28
DOOR - INSTALLATION, BLEND.........24-27
DOOR - INSTALLATION, DEFROST.......24-31
DOOR - INSTALLATION, FUEL FILL.......23-39
DOOR - INSTALLATION, MODE..........24-38
DOOR - INSTALLATION, RECIRCULATION . . 24-40
DOOR - REMOVAL...............23-18,23-28
DOOR - REMOVAL, BLEND.............24-27
DOOR - REMOVAL, DEFROST...........24-31
DOOR - REMOVAL, FUEL FILL..........23-39
DOOR - REMOVAL, MODE..............24-38
DOOR - REMOVAL, RECIRCULATION.....24-39
DOOR ACTUATOR - DESCRIPTION,
BLEND.............................24-17
DOOR ACTUATOR - DESCRIPTION,
DEFROST...........................24-20
DOOR ACTUATOR - DESCRIPTION,
MODE.............................24-23
DOOR ACTUATOR - DESCRIPTION,
RECIRCULATION.....................24-24
DOOR ACTUATOR - INSTALLATION,
BLEND.............................24-18
DOOR ACTUATOR - INSTALLATION,
DEFROST...........................24-21
DOOR ACTUATOR - INSTALLATION,
MODE.............................24-23
DOOR ACTUATOR - INSTALLATION,
RECIRCULATION.....................24-25
DOOR ACTUATOR - OPERATION, BLEND . . 24-17
DOOR ACTUATOR - OPERATION,
DEFROST...........................24-21
DOOR ACTUATOR - OPERATION, MODE . . . 24-23
DOOR ACTUATOR - OPERATION,
RECIRCULATION
.....................24-24
DOOR ACTUATOR - REMOVAL, BLEND
....24-17
DOOR ACTUATOR - REMOVAL, DEFROST
. . 24-21
DOOR ACTUATOR - REMOVAL, MODE
....24-23
DOOR ACTUATOR - REMOVAL,
RECIRCULATION
.....................24-24
DOOR AJAR INDICATOR - DESCRIPTION
. . 8J-23
DOOR AJAR INDICATOR - OPERATION
....8J-23
DOOR AJAR SWITCH - DESCRIPTION
....8L-27
DOOR AJAR SWITCH - OPERATION
......8L-27
DOOR GLASS - INSTALLATION
.....23-20,23-30
DOOR GLASS - REMOVAL
........23-20,23-30
DOOR GLASS RUN WEATHERSTRIP -
INSTALLATION, FRONT
................23-92
DOOR GLASS RUN WEATHERSTRIP -
INSTALLATION, REAR
.................23-93
10 INDEXDR
Description Group-Page Description Group-Page Description Group-Page