Test G FORD MUSTANG 2003 Workshop Manual

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
Evaporative Emissions
Component Location
The evaporative emission system:
zis equipped with an on- board refueling vapor recovery (ORVR) system.
SECTION 303-
13: Evaporative Emissions 2003 Mustang Workshop Manual Item Part Number Description
1 9F980 Evaporative emission test port
2 9C915 Evaporative emission canister purge valve
3 9F945 Canister vent solenoid
4 9D653 Evaporative emission canister
5 9C047 Fuel vapor control valve tube assembly Klj . 1 ba
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z
prevents hydrocarbon emissions from reaching the atmosphere.
z stores fuel vapors in the evaporative emission (EVAP) canister that are generated during
vehicle operation or hot soak, or vehicle refueling, until they can be consumed by the engine.
z routes the stored fuel vapors to the engine during engine operation.
z is controlled by the powertrain control module (PCM) which uses various sensor inputs to
calculate the desired amount of purge flow. The PCM regulates the purge flow, induced by the
application of intake manifold vacuum, by varying the duty cycle applied to the EVAP canister
purge valve.
z has an evaporative emission test port for test purposes.
The fuel vapors are routed:
zfrom the fuel tank through the fuel vapor control valve and fuel vapor vent valve.
z to the EVAP canister through a vapor line.
z to the engine when the EVAP canister purge valve is opened by the PCM.
The fuel tank pressure (FTP) sensor:
zmonitors the pressure levels in the fuel tank.
z communicates the pressure reading to the PCM during the OBDII leak test.
z is located in- line above the fuel tank and is serviced as part of the fuel vapor control valve tube
assembly.
The evaporative emission canister:
zis located in the left rear quarter panel.
z contains activated carbon.
z stores fuel vapor.
The fuel tank filler cap:
zrelieves system pressure above 14 kPa (56.21 inches H
2 O).
z relieves system vacuum below 3.8 kPa (15.26 inches H
2 O).
The canister vent solenoid: zis normally open.
z seals the EVAP system for the inspection and maintenance (I/M 240) test and OBDII leak and
pressure tests.
z is mounted to the evaporative emission canister.
z is repaired as a separate item.
The evaporative emission (EVAP) canister purge valve:
zis normally closed.
z regulates purging of the EVAP canister.
z is controlled by the PCM. Klj . 2 ba
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z
is located in the right front inner fender well.
The fuel vapor control valve tube assembly:
zconsists of the fuel vapor control valve, fuel vapor vent valve and an in- line fuel tank pressure
sensor.
z prevents suspended liquid fuel from being drawn into the evaporative emission canister along
with the fuel vapors.
z returns the liquid to the fuel tank.
z includes a fresh air transfer tube routing fresh air between the canister vent solenoid hose and
the fuel tank filler pipe assembly.
z requires two grommets to seal the fuel vapor control valve and fuel vapor vent valve to the fuel
tank.
The evaporative emission (EVAP) system monitor:
zis a self- test strategy within the PCM, which tests the integrity of the EVAP system.
z monitors the EVAP system for leaks.
z monitors electronic EVAP components for irrationally high or low voltages.
z monitors for correct EVAP system operation.
z utilizes intake manifold vacuum to test the EVAP system and involves several stages.
The evaporative emission (EVAP) test port:
zis used to connect the Evaporative Emission System Leak Tester to the EVAP system.
z is located on the EVAP canister purge outlet tube near the EVAP canister purge valve. Klj . 3 ba
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DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
Evaporative Emissions
Evaporative Emission System
SECTION 303-
13: Evaporative Emissions 2003 Mustang Workshop Manual Special Tool(s)
Evaporative Emission System
Leak Tester
310-
F007 (134- 00056) or
equivalent Worldwide Diagnostic System
(WDS)
418-
F224,
New Generation STAR (NGS)
Tester
418- F052, or equivalent scan
tool Item Part Number Description
1 9030 Fuel filler cap
2 9B593 Fuel vapor vent valve
3 9C052 Fuel tank pressure sensor
4 9C915 Evaporative emission canister purge valve
5 9F945 Canister vent solenoid
6 9D653 Evaporative emission canister
7 9002 Fuel tank
8 9B190 Fuel vapor control valve
9 9189 Fuel filler pipe check valve Klj . 1 ba
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Principles of Operation
Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister Purge Valve
The EVAP canister purge valve is controlled by the powertrain control module (PCM). The EVAP
canister purge valve controls the flow of fuel vapors from the EVAP canister to the engine intake
manifold during various engine operating modes. The EVAP canister purge valve is normally closed.
Evaporative Emission (EVAP) Canister
Fuel vapors from the fuel tank are stored in the EVAP canister. When the engine is running, the vapors
are purged from the EVAP canister for combustion.
Canister Vent Solenoid
During the Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System Test Monitor, Evaporative Emissions Repair
Verification Drive Cycle, and the Evaporative Emission System Leak Test, the canister vent solenoid is
closed to allow a vacuum to be drawn on the fuel tank at a specific level. The canister vent solenoid is
normally open.
Fuel Tank Pressure (FTP) Sensor
The fuel tank pressure sensor is used to measure the fuel tank pressure during the Evaporative
Emissions Monitor Test. The fuel tank pressure sensor is mounted in the fuel vapor control valve tube
as it crosses over the fuel tank.
Fuel Vapor Control Valve
The fuel vapor control valve is normally between the EVAP canister and the fuel vapor vent valve. Its
function is to prevent the flow of liquid fuel into the EVAP canister or up to the canister purge valve
during refueling, and to prevent the collection of liquid fuel in the fuel vapor hoses by overfilling the fuel
tank.
Fuel Vapor Vent Valve (FVV) Assembly
The fuel vapor vent valve (FVV) assembly is mounted on the top of the fuel tank. It is used to control
the flow of fuel vapors entering the EVAP system. The head portion of the assembly prevents the fuel
tank from overfilling during refueling. The assembly also has a spring float, which prevents liquid fuel
from entering the vapor delivery system under severe handling or vehicle rollover conditions. In the
upright position, the open bottom of the float will lift and shut off the orifice. Under severe handling
conditions, the spring will push the float closed when angles allow liquid fuel to reach the orifice. In a
rollover condition, the weight of the open bottom float and spring pressure will close the orifice.
Fuel Filler Pipe Check Valve
The fuel filler pipe check valve is an intricate part of the fuel filler pipe. It is intended to prevent liquid
fuel from re-entering the fuel filler pipe from the fuel tank on refueling or roll over conditions.
Fuel Filler Cap
The fuel filler cap is used to prevent fuel spill and to close the EVAP system to the atmosphere.
Evaporative Emission System Monitor
When a fault occurs, the EVAP system monitor is reset to NO and a diagnostic trouble code (DTC) is
set in the PCM memory. After the DTC is repaired, the vehicle drive cycle must be completed to reset
the monitor in preparation for inspection and maintenance testing. EVAP Emission System Leak Test Klj . 2 ba
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To start the testing, conditions of stable purging and vehicle speed must be satisfied. During the first
stage, the canister vent solenoid is closed, while the EVAP canister purge valve remains open,
applying and building vacuum in the system as indicated by the FTP sensor. This phase checks for
major leaks in the EVAP system.
In the second stage, the EVAP canister purge valve closes and the system looks for minimal decay
rate in the EVAP vacuum, indicating the absence of any small EVAP system leaks.
The last stage is entered only if stage two of the leak test has failed and checks whether the failed test
was due to excess vapor generation. It monitors fuel vapor generation rate. Initially, the canister vent
solenoid is opened to equalize EVAP system pressure to atmosphere. Then the canister vent solenoid
is closed, allowing pressure to build if vapor generation is present in sufficient quantity. If the rate of
generation is found to be too high, the EVAP running loss system leak test is aborted. If not, then a
small leak is diagnosed.
On-
Board Refueling Vapor Recovery (ORVR) Evaporative Emission (EVAP) System
The basic elements forming the ORVR system are as follows:
zThe fuel filler pipe forms a seal to prevent vapors from escaping the fuel tank while liquid is
entering the fuel tank. Liquid in the one inch diameter tube blocks vapors from rushing back up
the fuel filler pipe.
z A fuel vapor control valve controls the flow of vapors out of the fuel tank. The valve closes when
the liquid level reaches a height associated with fuel tank usable capacity. The valve
accomplishes the following:
„limits the total amount of fuel that can be dispensed into the fuel tank
„ prevents liquid gasoline from exiting the fuel tank when submerged (as well as when
tipped well beyond a horizontal plane as part of the vehicle rollover protection in road
accidents)
„ minimizes vapor flow resistance during anticipated refueling conditions
z Fuel vapor tubing connects the fuel vapor control valve to the EVAP canister. This routes the
fuel tank vapors, displaced by the incoming liquid, to the EVAP canister.
z A check valve in the fuel filling system prevents liquid from rushing back up the fuel filler pipe
during the liquid flow variations associated with the filler nozzle shut- off.
Between refueling events, the EVAP canister is purged with fresh air so that it may be used again to
store vapors accumulated during engine soaks or subsequent refueling events. The vapors drawn off
of the carbon in the EVAP canister are consumed by the engine.
Inspection and Verification 1. Verify the customer concern is with the evaporative emission (EVAP) system.
2. Visually inspect for the following obvious signs of mechanical damage.
Visual Inspection Chart Mechanical
z
Fuel filler cap
z EVAP test port
z EVAP canister or canister vent solenoid Klj . 3 ba
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3. If the concern remains after the inspection, connect the scan tool to the data link connector
(DLC) located beneath the instrument panel and select the vehicle to be tested from the scan
tool menu. If the scan tool does not communicate with the vehicle:
zcheck that the program card is correctly installed.
z check the connections to the vehicle.
z check the ignition switch position.
4. If the scan tool still does not communicate with the vehicle, refer to the scan tool manual.
5. Carry out the DATA LINK DIAGNOSTICS test. If the scan tool responds with:
z CKT914, CKT915 or CKT70 = ALL ECUS NO RESP/NOT EQUIP, refer to Section 418 - 00 .
z NO RESP/NOT EQUIP for PCM, refer to the Powertrain Control/Emissions Diagnosis (PC/ED)
manual.
z SYSTEM PASSED, retrieve and record the continuous diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), erase
the continuous DTCs and carry out the PCM KOEO self- test.
6. If the DTCs retrieved are related to the concern, go to the PCM Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index to continue diagnostics.
7. If the concern remains after the inspection, determine the symptom. GO to Symptom Chart .
PCM Diagnostics Trouble Code (DTC) Index
Symptom Chart z
EVAP lines or hoses
z Vacuum lines or hoses DTC Description Source Action
P0442 Small leak detected in EVAP system
(As small as 1.02 mm [0.040 inch]) PCM Go To Pinpoint Test A .
P0455 Major leak or no flow detected PCM Go To Pinpoint Test B .
P0457 Check for missing or leaking fuel filter
cap PCM Go To Pinpoint Test A .
P1443 Very small or no purge flow detected PCM Go To Pinpoint Test B .
P1450 Excessive vacuum detected in the fuel
tank PCM Go To Pinpoint Test C .
— Any other PCM DTC PCM REFER to the Powertrain
Control/Emissions Diagnosis (PC/ED)
manual.
SYMPTOM CHART Condition
Possible Sources Action
z Hissing sound when
removing fuel cap z
Canister vent solenoid.
z Evaporative emissions
canister.
z Fuel vapor control valve z
Go To Pinpoint Test D . Klj . 4 ba
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Pinpoint Tests
NOTE:
Reinstall or install new evaporative emission hose clamps removed or damaged during testing
procedures.
PINPOINT TEST A: DTC P0442 SMALL LEAK IN EVAP SYSTEM tube assembly.
z EVAP canister tube.
z EVAP canister purge
outlet tube.
z Excessive fuel odor zCanister vent solenoid.
z Evaporative emissions
canister.
z Fuel vapor control valve
tube assembly.
z Evaporative emissions
test port.
z EVAP canister purge
outlet tube. z
Go To Pinpoint Test E .
z Unable to refuel vehicle zFuel filler pipe.
z Canister vent solenoid.
z Fuel vapor control valve
tube assembly. z
Go To Pinpoint Test D .
Test Step Result / Action to Take
NOTE:
Condition P0442 DTC set: less than 0.625 kPa (2.5 inches H
2 O) bleed-
up over 15
seconds at 75% fuel fill. Vapor generation limit: more than 0.625 kPa (2.5 inches H 2 O) over 120
seconds. A1 VISUALLY INSPECT THE
COMPONENTS FOR SMALL LEAKS z
Check for the presence of a fuel filler
cap. Do not tighten or check for correct
installation at this time.
z Verify the canister vent solenoid is
correctly seated on the EVAP canister.
z Check for cut or loose connections to
fuel vapor hoses, tubes and
connections in the following locations:
„EVAP canister to EVAP canister
purge valve
„ EVAP canister to fuel vapor vent
valve assembly
„ fuel vapor control valve tube
assembly to fuel tank
z Check the fuel filler pipe for damage.
z Is a concern with a hose, tube,
connection or valve visually
evident? Yes
REPAIR or INSTALL new components as
necessary.GO to
A2 .
No
GO to A2 .
A2 CHECK AT THE EVAP TEST PORT
FOR SMALL SYSTEM LEAKS z
Disconnect and plug the evaporative
emission return tube at the intake Yes
GO to
A3 . Klj . 5 ba
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manifold.
z Complete the evaporative emission
system leak test. Refer to Evaporative Emission System Leak Test in this
section.
z Does the system pass the leak test? No
GO to
A4 .
A3 VISUALLY INSPECT THE FUEL
FILLER CAP z
Visually inspect the fuel filler cap for
damage.
z Is the fuel filler cap damaged? Yes
INSTALL a new fuel filler cap. GO to
A4 .
No
GO to A4 .
A4 CHECK FOR SMALL LEAKS AT THE
FUEL FILLER CAP AND EVAP TEST PORT z
Connect the Evaporative Emission
System Leak Tester to the fuel filler
pipe.
z Key in ON position.
z Close the canister vent solenoid. Refer
to Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure in this section.
z Pressurize the EVAP system to 3.48
kPa (14 inches H
2 O).
z Using the ultrasonic leak detector,
check the fuel filler cap and EVAP test
port for leaks.
z Is a leak detected? Yes
REPAIR or INSTALL new components as
necessary. GO to
A5 .
No
INSTALL the fuel filler cap. CARRY OUT the
evaporative emission system leak test. REFER
to Evaporative Emission System Leak Test in
this section. If the system passes the leak test,
CARRY OUT the evaporative emissions repair
verification drive cycle. REFER to Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle in this
section. A5 CHECK FOR CONCERN OTHER THAN
THE FUEL FILLER CAP z
Refer to previous test results.
z Did the system pass the evaporative
emission system leak test carried
out in pinpoint test Step A2? Yes
CARRY OUT the evaporative emission system
leak test. REFER to
Evaporative Emission System Leak Test in this section. If the system
passes the leak test, CARRY OUT the
evaporative emission repair verification drive
cycle. REFER to Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle in this section.
No
INSTALL the fuel filler cap. GO to A6 .
A6 CHECK FOR SMALL LEAK WITH
TESTER SET AT FILL POSITION z
Connect the Evaporative Emission
System Leak Tester to the EVAP test
port.
z Key in ON position.
z Close the canister vent solenoid. Refer
to Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure in this section.
z Turn the selector on the Evaporative
Emission System Leak Tester to the
FILL position.
z Pressurize the EVAP system to 3.48
kPa (14 inches H
2 O).
z Does the pressure on the EVAP
system hold between 3.43 kPa and
3.53 kPa (13.80 inches and 14.20 Yes
GO to
A7 .
No
DISCONTINUE pressurizing the system. GO to
A8 . Klj . 6 ba
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inches H
2 O)? A7 CHECK FOR LEAKS IN THE
COMPLETE EVAP SYSTEM z
Connect the Evaporative Emission
System Leak Tester to the EVAP test
port.
z Key in ON position.
z Close the canister vent solenoid. Refer
to Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Procedure in this section.
z Pressurize the EVAP system to 3.48
kPa (14 inches H
2 O).
z Using the ultrasonic leak detector,
check the following EVAP system
locations:
„EVAP return tube to EVAP
canister purge valve
„ EVAP canister purge valve to
EVAP canister— canister vent
solenoid assembly
„ EVAP canister — canister vent
solenoid assembly to fuel tank
„ fuel filler cap and fuel filler tube
z Is a leak detected at EVAP return
tube, EVAP canister purge outlet
tube or EVAP canister tube or
associated hose? Yes
REPAIR or INSTALL new components as
necessary. CARRY OUT the evaporative
emission system leak test. REFER to
Evaporative Emission System Leak Test
in this
section. If the system passes the leak test,
CARRY OUT the evaporative emissions repair
verification drive cycle. REFER to Evaporative Emission Repair Verification Drive Cycle in this
section.
No
DISCONTINUE pressurizing the system. GO to
A8 .
A8 CHECK FOR SMALL LEAK FROM THE
EVAP RETURN TUBE TO THE FUEL
VAPOR TEE z
Disconnect the EVAP canister purge
outlet tube at the fuel vapor tee. Plug
the opening in the EVAP canister
purge outlet tube.
z Connect the Evaporative Emission
System Leak Tester to the EVAP test
port.
z Pressurize the EVAP system to 3.48
kPa (14 inches H
2 O).
z Using the ultrasonic leak detector,
check the EVAP system from the
intake manifold to the EVAP canister
purge outlet tube.
z Is a leak detected? Yes
REPAIR or INSTALL new components as
necessary. REPEAT Step A6 to verify the repair.
GO to
A9 .
No
GO to A9 .
A9 CHECK FOR SMALL LEAK BETWEEN
EVAP CANISTER AND FUEL TANK FILLER
PIPE z
Connect the Evaporative Emission
System Leak Tester to the fuel filler
pipe.
z Transfer the plug from the EVAP
canister purge outlet tube to the fuel
vapor tee.
z Turn the Evaporative Emission System
Leak Tester selector to the FILL
position.
z Key in ON position.
z Close the canister vent solenoid. Refer
to Canister Vent Solenoid Closing Yes
REPAIR or INSTALL new components as
necessary.
GO to
A10 .
No
GO to A10 . Klj . 7 ba
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