towing FORD MUSTANG 2003 Workshop Manual

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
Maintenance Schedule —
Vehicles with Gasoline Engines
The maintenance schedule is designed to protect against major repairs resulting from neglect or
inadequate maintenance and to prolong the life of the vehicle.
General Maintenance Information
NOTE: This is a generic maintenance schedule for all Ford, Lincoln and Mercury vehicles. There may
be items listed that do not apply to all vehicles.
The Normal Schedule applies to operation of the vehicle under typical, everyday driving conditions.
The maintenance frequency in this schedule typifies what the vast majority of vehicles will require. The
listed services should be carried out at specified mileage intervals. There are, however, additional
services required that only the noted vehicles require.
If the vehicle is operated in one or more of the following special operating conditions, those additional
services will be required. The special operating conditions are:
ztowing or carrying heavy loads.
z extensive idling and/or driving at low speeds for long distances.
z driving in dusty conditions.
z off- road operation.
There are also exceptions to the Normal Operating Schedule which will require more frequent
maintenance for some components. Those exceptions are:
znatural gas and propane vehicles — fuel tank intervals.
z normal vehicle axle — maintenance and lubrication.
z police and taxi vehicles — maintenance and lubrication.
z engine oil and yellow coolant — time and mileage-based interval.
Special Operating Condition Requirements
When towing a trailer or using a camper or car- top carrier:
z Change engine oil and install a new oil filter every 4,800 km (3,000 miles) or 3 months.
z Change transfer case fluid every 96,000 km (60,000 miles).
z Change manual transmission fluid as required.
z Inspect and lubricate U- joints as required.
During extensive idling and/or low speed driving for long distances, as in heavy commercial use such
as delivery, taxi, patrol car or livery: SECTION 100-
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PINPOINT TEST I: REAR SUSPENSION NOISE z
WARNING: The electrical power to the air
suspension system must be shut off prior to hoisting,
jacking or towing an air suspension vehicle. This can
be accomplished by turning off the air suspension
switch. Failure to do so can result in unexpected
inflation or deflation of the air springs, which can result
in shifting of the vehicle during these operations.
z Raise and support the vehicle.
z Check the steering system for wear or damage. Carry out a
steering linkage test. Refer Section 211 - 00 .
z Inspect the tire wear pattern. Refer to Tire Wear Patterns
chart in this section.
z Are the steering components worn or damaged? REPAIR the steering
system. INSTALL new
components as necessary.
TEST the system for normal
operation.
No
GO to
H3 .
H3 FRONT SHOCK ABSORBER/STRUT CHECK
z
Check the front shock absorbers/strut mounts for loose
bolts or nuts.
z Check the front shock absorbers/struts for wear or damage.
Carry out a "bounce test".
z Are the front shock absorbers/struts loose or
damaged? Yes
TIGHTEN to specifications if
loose. INSTALL new front
shock absorbers/struts if
damaged. TEST the system
for normal operation.
No
GO to
H4 .
H4 CHECK THE FRONT SPRINGS
z
Check the front spring and front spring mounts/brackets for
wear or damage.
z Are the front springs or spring mounts/brackets worn
or damaged? Yes
REPAIR or INSTALL new
components as necessary.
TEST the system for normal
operation.
No
GO to
H5 .
H5 CHECK THE CONTROL ARMS/RADIUS ARMS
z
Inspect the control arm bushings for wear or damage.
z Inspect for twisted or bent control/radius arm.
z Are the control/radius arms damaged or worn? Yes
REPAIR or INSTALL new
components as necessary.
TEST the system for normal
operation.
No
GO to
H6 .
H6 CHECK THE STABILIZER BAR/TRACK BAR
z
Check the stabilizer bar/track bar bushings and links for
damage or wear.
z Check the stabilizer bar/track bar for damage.
z Check for loose or damaged stabilizer bar isolators or
brackets.
z Are the stabilizer bar/track bar components loose, worn
or damaged? Yes
REPAIR or INSTALL new
components as necessary.
TEST the system for normal
operation.
No
Suspension system OK.
CONDUCT diagnosis on
other suspect systems.
Test Step Result / Action to Take Klj . 54 ba
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PINPOINT TEST J: WHEEL AND TIRE I1 ROAD TEST THE VEHICLE
z
Test drive the vehicle.
z NOTE: An assistant will be needed for this road test.
z During the road test, drive the vehicle over a rough road.
Using ChassisEARs, determine from which
area/component the noise is originating.
z Is there a squeak, creak or rattle noise? Yes
GO to
I2 .
No
The suspension system is
OK. Conduct a diagnosis on
other suspect systems. I2 REAR SHOCK ABSORBER/STRUT CHECK
z
WARNING: The electrical power to the air
suspension system must be shut off prior to hoisting,
jacking or towing an air suspension vehicle. This can
be accomplished by turning off the air suspension
switch. Failure to do so can result in unexpected
inflation or deflation of the air springs, which can result
in shifting of the vehicle during these operations.
z Raise and support the vehicle.
z Check the rear shock absorber/strut mounts for loose bolts
or nuts.
z Check the rear shock absorbers/struts for damage. Carry
out a shock absorber check.
z Are the rear shock absorbers/struts loose or damaged? Yes
TIGHTEN to specifications if
loose. INSTALL new rear
shock absorbers/struts if
damaged. TEST the system
for normal operation.
No
GO to
I3 .
I3 CHECK THE REAR SPRINGS
z
Check the rear springs and rear spring mounts/brackets for
wear or damage.
z Are the rear springs or spring mounts/brackets worn or
damaged? Yes
REPAIR or INSTALL new
components as necessary.
TEST the system for normal
operation.
No
GO to
I4 .
I4 CHECK THE CONTROL ARMS/TRAILING ARMS
z
Inspect the control arm/trailing arm bushings for wear or
damage. Check for loose control arm/trailing arm bolts.
z Inspect for twisted or bent control arm/trailing arms.
z Are the control arm/trailing arms loose, damaged or
worn? Yes
REPAIR or INSTALL new
components as necessary.
TEST the system for normal
operation.
No
GO to
I5 .
I5 CHECK THE STABILIZER BAR/TRACK BAR
z
Check the stabilizer bar/track bar bushings and links for
damage or wear.
z Check the stabilizer bar/track bar for damage.
z Check for loose or damaged stabilizer bar isolators or
brackets.
z Are the stabilizer bar/track bar components loose, worn
or damaged? Yes
REPAIR or INSTALL new
components as necessary.
TEST the system for normal
operation.
No
Suspension system OK.
CONDUCT diagnosis on
other suspect systems.
Test Step
Result / Action to Klj . 55 ba
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PINPOINT TEST M: TRANSFER CASE VIBRATION the system for normal operation.
No
GO to
L6 .
L6 CHECK THE FLYWHEEL BOLTS
z
Check for loose flywheel bolts.
z Are the bolts loose? Yes
TIGHTEN the bolts to
specifications. REFER to
Section 308 - 01 . TEST the system for
normal operation.
No
GO to L7 .
L7 CHECK THE FLYWHEEL SURFACE
z
Inspect the flywheel surface for wear or damage.
Check the flywheel runout.
z Is there any damage or excessive wear? Yes
INSTALL a new flywheel. TEST
the system for normal operation.
No
Clutch system normal. CONDUCT
a diagnosis on other suspect
systems.
Test Step Result / Action to Take
M1 INSPECT THE TRANSFER CASE
z
WARNING: The electrical power to the air suspension
system must be shut off prior to hoisting, jacking or towing
an air suspension vehicle. This can be accomplished by
turning off the air suspension switch. Failure to do so can
result in unexpected inflation or deflation of the air springs,
which can result in shifting of the vehicle during these
operations.
z Inspect the transfer case for loose or missing mounting bolts.
Check for fluid seepage between the transfer case and the
transmission.
z Are the mounting bolts missing or loose? Yes
TIGHTEN to
specifications or
INSTALL new bolts as
necessary. TEST the
system for normal
operation.
No
GO to
M2 .
M2 INSPECT THE REAR DRIVESHAFT
z
NOTE: Verify that the driveshaft and pinion flange index marks
are aligned.
z Inspect the driveshaft for missing weights, damage or
undercoating.
z Inspect the U- joints for freedom of movement.
z Check driveshaft runout and, if necessary, check the pinion
flange runout.
z Is the driveshaft or U- joints worn or damaged or
misaligned? Yes
REPAIR or INSTALL a
new driveshaft as
necessary. TEST the
system for normal
operation.
No
GO to
M3 .
M3 CHECK THE DRIVELINE ANGLES
z
Measure the rear driveshaft and pinion angles. Refer to Section 205 - 00 .
z Measure the front driveshaft and pinion angles. Refer to Section 205 - 00 .
z Are the driveline angles incorrect? Yes
REPAIR as necessary.
TEST the system for
normal operation.
No Klj . 62 ba
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GENERAL PROCEDURES
Brake Disc Machining
WARNING: The electrical power to the air suspension system must be shut off prior to
hoisting, jacking or towing an air suspension vehicle. This can be accomplished by turning off
the air suspension switch. Failure to do so can result in unexpected inflation or deflation of the
air springs, which can result in shifting of the vehicle during these operations.
CAUTION: Do not install brake discs that are less than the minimum thickness specified.
Do not machine a brake disc below the minimum thickness specification.
1. Check wheel bearing end- play and correct as necessary.
2. NOTE: Begin at the front of the vehicle unless the vibration has been isolated to the rear.
Remove the tire and wheel assembly.
3. Remove the brake caliper and the brake caliper anchor plate. Refer to the appropriate section in Group 206 for the procedure.
4. Inspect the brake linings. Install new brake linings if below specification. For additional information, refer to the appropriate brake section.
5. Measure and record the brake disc thickness. Install a new brake disc if the thickness after machining will be at or below specification. The specification is molded into the brake disc.
zDo not machine a new brake disc.
SECTION 100-
04: Noise, Vibration and Harshness 2003 Mustang Workshop Manual Special Tool(s)
Gauge, Clutch Housing
308-
021 (T75L-4201- A) Dial Indicator Gauge with
Holding Fixture
100-
002 (TOOL- 4201-C) or
equivalent
Material Item Specification
Metal Surface Cleaner
F4AZ-
19A536- RA or equivalent WSE-
M5B392-
A High Temperature Nickel Anti-
Seize Lubricant
F6AZ-
9L494- AA or equivalent ESE-
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GENERAL PROCEDURES
Powertrain/Drivetrain Mount Neutralizing
WARNING: The electrical power to the air suspension system must be shut off prior to
hoisting, jacking or towing an air suspension vehicle. This can be accomplished by turning off
the air suspension switch. Failure to do so can result in unexpected inflation or deflation of the
air springs, which can result in shifting of the vehicle during these operations.
1. Raise and support the vehicle.
2. Loosen, but do not remove, the powertrain/drivetrain mount fasteners.
3. Lower the vehicle.
4. CAUTION: Do not twist or strain the powertrain/drivetrain mounts.
Move the vehicle in forward and reverse 0.6- 1.2 meters (2-4 ft).
5. Raise and support the vehicle.
6. Tighten the powertrain/drivetrain mount fasteners.
7. Lower the vehicle.
8. Test the system for normal operation.
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GENERAL PROCEDURES
Exhaust System Neutralizing
WARNING: Exhaust gases contain carbon monoxide, which is harmful to health and
potentially lethal. Repair exhaust system leaks immediately. Never operate the engine in an
enclosed area.
WARNING: Exhaust system components are hot.
NOTE: Neutralize the exhaust system to relieve strain on mounts which can be sufficiently bound up to
transmit vibration as if grounded.
1. WARNING: The electrical power to the air suspension system must be shut off prior
to hoisting, jacking or towing an air suspension vehicle. This can be accomplished by
turning off the air suspension switch. Failure to do so can result in unexpected inflation
or deflation of the air springs, which can result in shifting of the vehicle during these
operations.
CAUTION: Make sure the system is warmed up to normal operating temperature, as
thermal expansion can be the cause of a strain problem.
Raise and support the vehicle.
2. Loosen all exhaust hanger attachments and reposition the hangers until they hang free and straight.
3. Loosen all exhaust flange joints.
4. Place a stand to support the muffler parallel to the vehicle frame with the muffler pipe bracket free of stress.
5. Tighten the muffler connection.
6. Tighten all the exhaust hanger clamps and flanges (tighten the exhaust manifold flange joint last).
zVerify there is adequate clearance to prevent grounding at any point in the system. Make
sure that the catalytic converter and heat shield do not contact the frame rails.
z After neutralization, the rubber in the exhaust hangers should show some flexibility when
movement is applied to the exhaust system.
z With the exhaust system installed securely and cooled, the rear hanger should be angled
forward.
7. Lower the vehicle.
8. Test the exhaust system for normal operation.
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GENERAL PROCEDURES
Wheel Bearing Check
1. WARNING: The electrical power to the air suspension system must be shut off prior
to hoisting, jacking or towing an air suspension vehicle. This can be accomplished by
turning off the air suspension switch. Failure to do so can result in unexpected inflation
or deflation of the air springs, which can result in shifting of the vehicle during these
operations.
Raise the vehicle until the front tires are off the floor.
zMake sure the wheels are in a straight forward position.
2. NOTE: Make sure the wheel rotates freely and that the brake pads are retraced sufficiently to
allow free movement of the tire and wheel assembly.
Spin the tire by hand to check the wheel bearings for roughness.
3. Grip each front tire at the top and bottom and move the wheel inward and outward while lifting the weight of the tire off the front wheel bearing.
4. If the tire and wheel (hub) is loose on the spindle, does not rotate freely, or has a rough feeling when spun, carry out one of the following:
1. On vehicles with inner and outer bearings, inspect the bearings and cups for wear or damage. Adjust or install new bearings and cups as necessary.
2. On vehicles with one sealed bearing, install a new wheel hub.
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1. If compression improves considerably, piston rings are faulty.
2. If compression does not improve, valves are sticking or seating incorrectly.
3. If two adjacent cylinders indicate low compression pressures and squirting oil on each piston
does not increase compression, the head gasket may be leaking between cylinders. Engine oil
or coolant in cylinders could result from this condition.
Use the Compression Pressure Limit Chart when checking cylinder compression so that the
lowest reading is within 75 percent of the highest reading.
Cylinder Leakage Detection
When a cylinder produces a low reading, use of the Engine Cylinder Leak Detection/Air Pressurization
Kit will be helpful in pinpointing the exact cause.
The leakage detector is inserted in the spark plug hole, the piston is brought up to dead center on the
compression stroke, and compressed air is admitted.
Once the combustion chamber is pressurized, a special gauge included in the kit will read the
percentage of leakage. Leakage exceeding 20 percent is excessive.
While the air pressure is retained in the cylinder, listen for the hiss of escaping air. A leak at the intake
valve (6507) will be heard in the throttle body (9E926). A leak at the exhaust valve (6505) can be
heard at the tail pipe. Leakage past the piston rings will be audible at the positive crankcase ventilation
(PCV) connection. If air is passing through a blown head gasket to an adjacent cylinder, the noise will
be evident at the spark plug hole of the cylinder into which the air is leaking. Cracks in the cylinder
block or gasket leakage into the cooling system may be detected by a stream of bubbles in the radiator
(8005).
Oil Consumption Test
The following diagnostic procedure is used to determine the source of excessive internal oil
consumption. 1. NOTE: Oil use is normally greater during the first 16,100 km (10,000 miles) of service. As
mileage increases, oil use generally decreases. Vehicles in normal service should get at least
1,450 km per liter (900 miles per quart) after 16,000 km (10,000 miles) of service. High speed
driving, towing, high ambient temperature and other factors may result in greater oil use.
Define excessive oil consumption, such as the number of miles driven per liter (quart) of oil
used. Also determine customer's driving habits, such as sustained high speed operation,
towing, extended idle and other considerations.
2. Verify that the engine has no external oil leak as described under Engine Oil Leaks in the Diagnosis and Testing portion of this section.
3. Verify that the engine has the correct oil level dipstick (6750).
4. Verify that the engine is not being run in an overfilled condition. Check the oil level at least five minutes after a hot shutdown with the vehicle parked on a level surface. In no case should the
level be above MAX or the letter F in FULL. If significantly overfilled, carry out Steps 6a through
6d.
5. Verify the spark plugs are not oil saturated. If the spark plugs are oil saturated and compression is good it can be assumed the valve seals or valve guides are at fault. Klj . 9 ba
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4. WORN RINGS OR DILUTED OIL: When the engine is accelerated (dotted needle), the needle
drops to 0 kPa (0 in- Hg). Upon deceleration, the needle runs slightly above 74 kPa (22 in- Hg).
5. STICKING VALVES: When the needle (dotted) remains steady at a normal vacuum but occasionally flicks (sharp, fast movement) down and back about 13 kPa (4 in- Hg), one or more
valves may be sticking.
6. BURNED OR WARPED VALVES: A regular, evenly- spaced, downscale flicking of the needle
indicates one or more burned or warped valves. Insufficient hydraulic lash adjuster or hydraulic
lash adjuster (HLA) clearance will also cause this reaction.
7. POOR VALVE SEATING: A small but regular downscale flicking can mean one or more valves are not seating.
8. WORN VALVE GUIDES: When the needle oscillates over about a 13 kPa (4 in- Hg) range at idle
speed, the valve guides could be worn. As engine speed increases, the needle will become
steady if guides are responsible.
9. WEAK VALVE SPRINGS: When the needle oscillation becomes more violent as engine rpm is increased, weak valve springs are indicated. The reading at idle could be relatively steady.
10. LATE VALVE TIMING: A steady but low reading could be caused by late valve timing.
11. IGNITION TIMING RETARDING: Retarded ignition timing will produce a steady but somewhat low reading.
12. INSUFFICIENT SPARK PLUG GAP: When spark plugs are gapped too close, a regular, small pulsation of the needle can occur.
13. INTAKE LEAK: A low, steady reading can be caused by an intake manifold or throttle body gasket leak.
14. BLOWN HEAD GASKET: A regular drop of fair magnitude can be caused by a blown head gasket or warped cylinder head- to-cylinder block surface.
15. RESTRICTED EXHAUST SYSTEM: When the engine is first started and is idled, the reading may be normal, but as the engine rpm is increased, the back pressure caused by a clogged
muffler (5230), kinked tail pipe or other concerns will cause the needle to slowly drop to 0 kPa
(0 in-Hg). The needle then may slowly rise. Excessive exhaust clogging will cause the needle to
drop to a low point even if the engine is only idling.
16. When vacuum leaks are indicated, search out and correct the cause. Excess air leaking into the system will upset the fuel mixture and cause concerns such as rough idle, missing on
acceleration or burned valves. If the leak exists in an accessory unit such as the power brake
booster (2005), the unit will not function correctly. Always fix vacuum leaks.
Excessive Engine Oil Consumption
The amount of oil an engine uses will vary with the way the vehicle is driven in addition to normal
engine- to-engine variation. This is especially true during the first 16,100 km (10,000 miles) when a new
engine is being broken in or until certain internal engine components become conditioned. Vehicles
used in heavy- duty operation may use more oil. The following are examples of heavy- duty operation:
z trailer towing applications
z severe loading applications
z sustained high speed operation Klj . 12 ba
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