engine AUDI A4 2016 Manual PDF

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0 ::..:: co ..... ..... Disconnecting the battery terminals
Some vehicle func tion s (p ower w indow reg ula­
tors, for example) are lost i f th e battery termi ­
na ls are d isconnected. These functions have to be
relearned afte r the battery termina ls are con­
nected aga in. To prevent th is, the batte ry shou ld
only be disconnected from the vehicle e lectr ica l
system w hen abso lute ly necessary for repairs.
Vehicles not driven for long periods
If yo u do not drive you r vehicle over a period of
seve ral days or weeks, e lectrical components a re
g radually c ut back or sw itched off. This reduces
e nergy consumption and ma inta ins starting ca ­
pability over a longer pe riod
c> page 182.
Some o f the conven ience f unctions may not ope r­
ate, s uch as the inte rior lights or the power seat
ad justment. The convenience functions will be
ava ila ble aga in whe n you tu rn o n the ignition and
start the engine .
Winter operation
During the winter months, battery capacity tends
to dec rease as temperatu res dr op. This is be­
cause more power is also consumed wh ile start ­
in g, and the head lights , rear wi ndow defogge r,
etc., are used more of ten .
Avoid un necessa ry power consumption, part icu­
l arly in city traffic or when t rave ling on ly short
d ista nces . Let your authorized Audi dealer check
the capaci ty of the vehicle battery be fore w inte r
sets in
r=;, pag e 214. A well cha rged batt ery w ill
n o t onl y preven t st arti ng p roble ms w hen the
wea ther is cold, but will also last l on ger .
(D Tips
If your v ehicle is left stand ing fo r se ve ral
wee ks at extre mely low tem per at ures, the ve­
hicle b attery sh ould be re moved and stor ed
w here it will not free ze . Th is will preve nt i t
from being dama ged and hav ing to be re ­
placed .
Checking and Filling
Working on the battery
Be especially careful when working on or near
the battery.
The battery is located in the luggage compart ­
ment under the floor. Befo re you check anything
i n the luggage compart ment ,
read and heed all
WARNINGS
c> &_ .
Always heed the safety warnings , when working
o n the veh icle batte ry or t he ve hicle elec trical
system to prevent in jury .
The following WARNINGS are very important
when working on the battery :
Always heed the following WARNING SYM-
BOLS and safety precautions when wo rking on
the battery.
®
Always wear eye protection.
A
Battery acid contains sulfuric acid. Al-
ways wear gloves and eye protection.
@
No
- sparks
- flames
- smoking.
~
When a battery is charged , it produces
hydrogen gas which is explosive and
could cause personal injury.
®
Always keep the battery well out of reach
of children.
A WARNING
= -
Whenever working on t he battery or on the
e lectr ica l system, the re is the r isk of injury,
accide nt a nd eve n fire. Read and he ed the fol­
l ow ing W AR NIN GS:
- Always wear eye protection. Do not let bat­
tery acid or any l ead particles ge t on you r
skin o r clothing. Shield yo ur eyes. E xplosiv e
g ases can ca use b lindne ss or other in jury.
- Ba tte ry acid contai ns sulfur ic acid. Sulfu ric
acid can ca use blindness and s evere burns.
- Always wea r gloves and eye protection . Do
n ot tilt t he batte ry because aci d could lea k
out of the ventilation openings. ""
213

Checking and Filling
-If you get batt ery acid in your eyes or on
your skin, immediately rinse with cold wa ­
ter for several minutes and get medical at­
tention .
- If you should ingest any battery acid, seek
medical attention immediately.
- Do not expose the battery to an open flame, electric sparks or an open light .
- Do not smoke.
- Do not interchange the positive and nega-
tive cables.
- When working on the battery, be sure not to short-circuit the terminals with tools or oth­
er metal objects. This would cause the bat ­
tery to heat up very quickly, which could lead to damage or explosion and personal
injury.
- When a battery is charged, it produces hy­
drogen gas which is explosive and could
cause personal injury.
- Always keep the battery well out of the
reach of children.
- Before work is done on the electrical sys­
tem, disconnect the nega tive ground cable .
- Before performing any work on the electri­ cal system, switch off the engine and igni­
tion as well as any electrical equipment. The negative cable on the battery must be dis­
connected. If you are just going to replace a
light bulb, then it is enough to switch off
the lights.
- Before disconnecting the battery, sw itch off
the anti-theft alarm system! Otherwise you
will set off the alarm.
- When disconnecting the battery, first dis­
connect the negative cable and then the
positive cable.
- Before reconnecting the battery, make sure
all electrical consumers are switched off.
Reconnect the positive cable first and then
the negative cable. Never interchange the
cabl es - this could start a fire!
- Never charge a frozen or a thawed-out bat­
tery . It could explode! If a battery has fro­
zen, then it must be replaced. A discharged
battery can freeze over at 32°F (0°C).
- Make sure the vent hose is always attached
to the opening on the side of the battery.
214
- Never use batteries which are damaged .
There is the danger of an explosion! Always
replace a damaged battery.
A WARNING
California Proposition 65 Warning:
- Battery posts, terminals and related acces­
sories contain lead and lead compounds,
chemicals known to the State of California
to cause cancer and reproductive problems.
Wash hands after handling .
(D Note
- Do not disconnect the vehicle battery when
the ignition is switched on or when the en­
gine is running, otherwise, you will damage
electronic components in the electrical sys­
tem .
-If your vehicle is going to stand for a long
period of time without being driven, protect
the battery from "freezing" , otherwise it
will be damaged and will then have to be re­
placed.
Battery charging
Starting the engine requires a well charged bat­ tery .
Fig. 186 En g in e compar tment : Co nnectors for charger and
jumper cab les
Always read and heed all WARNINGS below
9 A and ¢ A in Working on the battery on
page 213.
.,. Turn off the ignition and all electrical consum­
ers.
.,. Make sure the area is well ventilated when you
charge the battery.
Iii>-

..... N
0 ::..:: co ..... ..... ~ Open the engine hood¢ page 203.
~ Open the cover on the positive pole~ fig. 186 .
~ Connect the charger connectors accord ing to
the instructions to the
ju mp st a rt b olts . (Bolts
under the cover= "positive", Bo lts with hex
head = "negative") .
~ Only now plug the mains lead for the charging
equipment into the wall outlet and turn it on
~ & -
~ Ma ke s ure t he c harging rate i s not ov er
30 amp s/14 .8 Vo lt.
~ When the battery is fu lly charged: Turn the
charging equipment off and remove the mains
lead from the wall outlet.
~ Now remove the clamps for the charging equip-
ment.
~ Close the cover on the posit ive pole .
~ Close the hood ~ page 203.
A discharged battery can freez e at temperatures
of only 32 °F (0 °C) . Allow a frozen battery to
thaw completely before attempt ing to charge it
~ _& . However, we recommend not us ing a
thawed batte ry again because the battery casing
can be cracked due to ice format ion and can leak
battery acid.
Battery charg ing (Maximum charging rate of
30 amps /14.8 Volt )
When cha rging at low vo ltages (e .g . with a tric k­
l e char ger ),
the battery cables do not have to be
disconnected first. The battery caps should
not
be opened when charging a battery.
It is not necessary to remove the batte ry from
the luggage compartme nt.
F a st cha rging the battery (charg ing rate
above 14.8 Volt s)
For techn ical reasons do not use a battery charg­
e r that uses voltage greate r than 14 .8 Volts to
charge your vehicle 's battery.
A WARNING
Charging a battery can be dangerous .
- Always follow the operating instructions
provided by the battery charger manufactur­
er when charging your battery .
Check ing and Filling
-Never charge a frozen battery . It may ex­
plode because of gas trapped in the ice. Al­
low a frozen battery to thaw out first.
- Do not reuse batteries which were frozen.
The battery hous ing may have cracked and
weakened when the battery froze.
- Charge the battery in a well ventilated area. Keep away from open flame or electrical
spark. Do not smoke . Hydrogen gas generat­
ed by the battery is explos ive.
- To reduce the danger of explosion, never
connect or disconnect charger cables while
the charger is operating .
- Fast charg ing a battery is dangerous and
should only be attempted by a competent
technician w ith the proper equipment.
- Battery acid that may spill during charging should be washed off w ith a solution of
warm water and baking soda to neutralize
the acid .
@ Note
Never use a fast charger as a booster to start
the engine . This will seriously damage sensi­
tive electronic components, such as control units, re lays, radio, etc., as well as the battery
cha rge r.
Battery replacement
The new battery must have the same specifica­
tions and dimensions as the original equipment
battery.
Intelligent energy management in your vehicle is
r esponsib le for distr ibut ing the e lectrical energy
t hr oughou t your vehicle ~
page 182. The intelli­
gent energy management system will keep the
engine battery charged better then vehicles with ­
out this system. To make sure the additional
electrical energy is available once again after you
have changed the battery, we recommend that
you install batteries of the same type and manu­
facture only (the same as those installed at the
t ime your vehicle was delivered) . Specifications
are listed on the battery housing . Your author­
ized Audi dealer must code the battery in the en-
ergy managemen t system to enable you to use
ll>
215

Checking and Filling
the energy m anag ement functions correctly after
replacing the battery.
I f it is not poss ible to use a battery of th is type,
the new battery must have the same capacity,
voltage (12 -volts), amperage, construction and
p lug sealing .
When insta lling the batte ry, make sure the igni­
tion and all elec trical consumers are turned off.
CD Note
Ma ke sure the ventilation hose on the side of
t he batte ry is connected, othe rw ise f umes or
bat tery acid can lea k out.
@ For the sake of the environment
Because of the prob lem of proper dispo sal of
a ba tte ry, we recommen d your author ized
Audi de aler change the battery fo r you . Bat­
teries contain su lf u ric acid and lea d and must
always be disposed of properly in compliance
w ith all environmental regu lations. D ispos ing
of vehicle batteries improperly is very danger­
ous to the env ironment.
Windshield/headlight*
washer container
F ig. 1 87 Engine co mpar tment : Cove r o n th e w ind shie ld
and head lig ht ' was her fluid conta iner
The washer fl uid containe r is m arked with the
symbo l
O on its cap ~ fig. 187, ¢ page 205,
fig . 181 .
.,. Befo re yo u check anything in the engine com­
partment,
alway s read and heed all WARN­
INGS ¢,& in Working in the engine compor t­
ment on page 203.
216
.,. Lift the filler cap tongue to add washe r fl uid.
You ca n fill the conta iner to the top.
.,. Press the cap back onto the filler neck after fill -
ing the container .
You can find the reservoir
capacit y in the table in
~ page 256.
Clean water should be used when filling up . If
possib le , use soft wate r to prevent scaling on the
washer jets. Always add a glass cleaner solution
(with frost p rotection in the winter) .
CD Note
Do not mix engine coolant antifreeze or any
other additives to fill up the winds hield wash­
er reservoir.

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0 ::..:: co ..... ..... Wheels
Model Tire designation Tire pressure
Engine normal load condition full load condition
( up to 3 occupants)a >
front rear front rear
PSI kPA PSI kPA PSI kPA PSI kPA
A4 Sedan: 225 /55 Rl6 95H
32 220 29 200 33 230 35 240 2.0 liter All Season
4-cylinder 245/45 Rl 7 95H
32 220 29 2 00 33 230 35 240 All Sea son
245/40 Rl8 93V
32 220 29 200 33 230 35 240 High Performance
225 /50 Rl 7 94H
33 230 30 210 35 240
36 250 All 5ea son
245/40 Rl8 93H
33 230 3 2 220 36 250 38 260 All Season
255/35 Rl9 96V XL
32 220 30 210
35 240
35 240
High Performance
allroad / 225/55 Rl 7 97H
30 210 30 210 33 230 36 250 A4 allroad: All Sea son
2 .0 liter
245/45 Rl8 lOOH
3 2 22 0 32 220 33 230 36 250 4-cylinder
All Season
245 /45 R18 96Y
30 210 30 210 33 230 36 250 High Performance
245 /40 Rl9 98V XL
32 220 2 9 200 35 240 38 26 0 High Performance
S4 Sedan : 245/40 Rl8 93H
36 250 32
220 41 280 41 280
3.0 liter All Season
6 -cylinder
245/40 Rl8 93Y
39 270
35 240
41 280 41
280 High Performance
255/35 Rl9 96V XL
39 270 33 230 41 280 4 1 280 High Performance
XL= reinforced or extra load tire . Jt may also appear as xl, EXTRA LOAD, or RF on the tire sidewall.
a) 2 peo ple in the f ront, 1 p erson in t he rea r
A WARNING
Please note the important safe­
ty precautions regarding tire pressure ¢
page 22 7 and load
limits ¢
page 229 .
Tires and vehicle load limits
There are limits to the amount of
load or weight that any vehicle
a nd any tire c an carry . A vehicle
that is overloaded will not handle
well and i s more difficult to stop .
O verloading can not only lead to ..
229

,....,
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0
""' CX) ,....,
I.Cl U"I ,....,
I.Cl ,....,
Emergency assistance
Vehicle tool kit
The tools ore stored underneath the floor panel
in the luggage comportment.
Fig. 193 Sedan Luggage compartment: tool kit
Fig. 194 all road Luggage compartment: tool kit
When you need access to the veh icle tool kit or
jack*, you will need to take out the spare tire and
cover
c:::> page 237.
Depending on your vehicle's equipment, the too l
kit may also be located unde r the cargo floor cov­
e r@
c:::> fig. 194 behind the seat backrest.
The vehicle tool kit includes:
- Hook for removing wheel covers*
- Alignment pin for changing the wheel
- Screwdriver with reversible b lade
- Tool for changing l ight b ulbs
- Revers ible b it (reve rsible Torx bit for changing
l igh t bu lbs)
- Rod for jack
- Jack*
- Lug wrench
- Towing eye
Emergen cy a ssis tanc e
Some of the vehicle items listed above are pro­
vided on certain models on ly or are optional ex­
tras.
Be fore returning the jack* to its place, retract the
jack arm fully .
A WARNING
-Never use the screw driver hex head to
tighten wheel bolts, since the bolts cannot
attain the necessary tightening torque if you
use the hex head, potentially causing an ac­
cident.
- The factory-supplied jack is intended only
for your veh icle model. Under no circum­
stances should it be used to lift heavy
veh icles or othe r loads; you risk injuring
yourse lf.
- Never start the engine when the vehicle is
raised, which cou ld cause an accident.
- Support the vehicle securely with appropri­ ate stands if wo rk is to be pe rformed under­
neath the vehicle; otherwise, there is a po­
tential risk fo r injury.
(0 Tips
The vehicle jack* in your vehicle is mainte­
nance-free .
Space-saving spare tire
(compact spare tire)
App lies to vehicles: wi th space -saving spare tire
The spore tire/wheel is located in the luggage
comportment under the cargo floor cover. It is
intended for short-term use only.
Fig . 195 Spare tire
237

Emergency assistance
"'Let the compressor run until the va lue specified
on the tire pressure label is reach ed
¢ page 227, fig. 191 . Switch the compressor
off after running for 12 minutes at the mos t -
danger of overheating!
A WARNING
The compressor and the tire filler hose can become extremely hot while they are running
- danger of burns!
CD Note
Switch the compressor off after running for
12 minutes at the most -danger of overheat­
ing! Allow the compressor to cool down for a
few minutes before you use it again.
Replacing wheels
Before changing a wheel
Observe the following precaut ions for your own
and your passenger's safety when changing a
wheel.
"' After you experience a tire failure, pull the car
well away from moving traffic and try to reach
level ground before you stop ¢.&_ .
"' All passengers shou ld
leave the car and move
to a safe location (for instance, behind the
guardrail) ¢.&_ .
"' Engage the
parking brake to prevent your vehi­
cle from rolling unintentionally ¢&_ .
"' Sh ift into
1st gear on vehicles w ith manual
transmission, or move the
selector lever to the
P position
on vehicles with automatic transmis­
sion .
"' If you are towing a trailer: unhitch the trailer
from your vehicle.
"' Take the
jack¢ page 237 and the spare tire
¢ page 238 out of the luggage compartment .
A WARNING
You or your passengers could be injured wh ile
chang ing a wheel if you do not follow these
safety precautions :
- If you have a flat tire, move a safe distance
off the road . Turn off the engine, turn the
240
emergency flashers on and use other warn­
ing devices to alert other motorists.
- Make sure that passengers wait in a safe
place away from the vehicle and well away
from the road and traffic.
- To help prevent the vehicle from moving
suddenly and possibly slipping off the jack,
always fully set the parking brake and block
the wheel diagonally opposite the wheel be­ ing changed with the folding chocks or oth­
er objects . When one front whee l is lifted
off the ground, placing the Automat ic
T ransmission in "P" (Par k) w ill
not prevent
the vehicle from moving.
- Before you change a wheel, be sure the
ground is level and firm . If necessary, use a
sturdy board under the jack.
- Always store the vehicle tool kit, the jack*
and the replaced tire in the luggage com­
partment
¢ page 126.
CD Note
If you a re changing the wheel on a steep in­
cline, use a rock or similar object to block the
opposite wheel to prevent the vehicle from
moving.
(D Tips
Obey all laws.
Changing a wheel
When you change a wheel, follow the sequence
described below step-by-step and in exactly that
order .
1. Remove the decorative wheel cover* or the
wheel bolt caps* . For more details see also
¢ page 241, Decorative wheel covers or
¢ page 241, Wheels with wheel bolt cops.
2. Loosen the wheel bolts ¢page 242.
3. Locate the proper mounting point for the
jack and align the jack below that point
¢ page 242.
4. Lift the car with the jack¢ page 242.
5. Remove the wheel with the flat tire and then
install the
spare tire ¢page 243.
6. Tighten all whee l bolts lightly .

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Fuse panel @ (black)
No . Consumer
1 Dynamic steering
2 Electronic Stabilization Cont rol (mod ule)
A/C system press ure sensor, elect rome -
chan ica l park ing brake , Homelink, auto-
3 mat
ic dimming interior rear v iew mirror,
air q uality/outside a ir sensor, Electronic
Stabili zation Cont rol (button)
5 Sound actuator
6 Headlight range control/
headlight (cor-
ne ring light)
7 Headlight (corner ing light)
Con trol modules (e lectrom echan ica l par k-
8 ing brake , s hock ab so rbe r, q uattro s port),
DCDC converter
9 Adapt ive cru ise control
1 0 Shift ga te/clu tch se nsor
1 1 Side assist
12 Headlight range control
, p arkin g sys tem
13 Airbag
14 Rear wiper (a
llroad)
1 5 Auxiliary fuse (instrument panel)
1 6 Auxiliary fuse terminal 15 (engine area
)
Fuse panel@ (brown)
No . Consumer
2 Brake light senso r
3 Fuel pump
4 Clutch sensor
5
Left seat heating w it h /w it h out seat venti-
l a tion
6 Electronic Stabili zation Cont rol (e lectr ic)
7 Ho rn
8
F ront left door (window regulator, central
locki ng, mirror, switch, lig hting)
9 Windshield wiper moto r
10 Electronic Stabilization Cont rol (va lves)
Fuses and bulbs
No . Consumer
Two-door mode ls: rear left w indow reg ula-
1 1 tor; Four-door mode
ls: rear left door (w in-
dow regu lator, central locking, switch,
li ght ing)
1 2 Rain and
light sensor
Fuse panel © (red)
No . Consumer
3 Lumbar support
4 Dynam ic steering
5 Inter
io r ligh ting ( Cabr io let)
6 W
indshie ld washer system, headlight
wash er system
7 Vehicle e lectrica l system control module 1
8 Ve hicl e e lec trica l sy stem con trol module 1
9
Left rear window regu lator motor (Cabr io-
l et)/s unroof
1 0 Vehicle e lec tric al system con trol module 1
1 1 R
ight rear window regulator (Cabriolet)/
su n shade motor
1 2 A
nti- theft alarm warning system
Right cockpit fuse assignment
Fig. 20 7 Rig h t cockp it : f use pane l wit h plast ic cl ip
247

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0 ::..:: co ..... ..... Fuse panel© (brown)
No . Consumer
1 Luggage compartment lid control module
(allroad)
2 12-volt socket, cigarette lighter
3 DCDC converter path 1
4 DCDC converter path 2, sound amplifier,
radio
6 Right upper cabin heating (Cabriolet)
7 Elect romechan ical park ing brake
9
Right front door (window regulator, cen-
tral locking, m irror, switch, lighting)
10 Left
upper cabin heating (Cabriolet)
Two-door models: rear r ight window regu-
11 lator; Four-door models:
rear right door
(w indow regulator, central locking, switch,
lighting)
12 Cell phone prep
Fuse panel ® (black )
No . Consumer
1 Right front seat
heating
4 MMI
5 Radio
6 Rear view camera
7 Rear window heater (allroad)
8 Rear Seat Entertainment
Bulbs
Replacing bulbs
For your safety, we recommend that you have
your authorized Audi dealer replace any bulbs for
you .
It is becoming increasingly more and more diffi­
cult to replace vehicle light bulbs since in many
cases, other parts of the car must first be re­
moved before you are able to get to the bu lb.
This applies especially to the light bulbs in the
front of your car which you can only reach
through the eng ine compartment.
Sheet metal and bulb ho lders can have sharp
edges that can cause serious cuts, parts must be
Fuses and bulbs
correctly taken apart and then properly put back
together to help prevent breakage of parts and
long term damage from water that can enter
hous ings that have not been properly resealed.
For your sa fety, we recommend that you have
your authorized Audi dea ler replace any bulbs for
you, since your dealer has the proper tools, the
correct bulbs and the expertise.
Gas discharge lamps (Xenon lights)*:
Due to the high e lectr ica l voltage, have the bulbs
replaced by a qualified technician. Headlights
with Xenon light are identified by the high volt­
age sticker .
A WARNING
Changing Xenon lamps without the necessary
equipment can cause serious personal injury.
- Bulbs are pressurized and can explode when
being changed . Potential risk of injury!
- On vehicles equipped with gas discharge
bu lbs (Xenon light)* life-threatening injuries
can resu lt from improper handling of the
high -vo ltage portions of such lamps!
- Only your authorized Audi dealer or quali­
fied workshop shou ld change the bulbs in
gas discharge lamps. There are parts w ith
sharp edges on the openings and on the bulb holders that can cause serious cuts . If
you are uncerta in about what to do, have
the wor k performed by an authorized Audi
dealer or qualified workshop. Serious per­
sonal injury may result from improperly per­
formed work.
(D Tips
- If you st ill prefer to replace the light bulbs
yourself, be awa re that the engine compa rt­
ment is a hazardous area to work
inq page 203 q &,.
- It is best to ask your authorized Audi dealer
whenever you want to change a bulb.
249

Emergency situations
Emergency situations
General
This chapter is intended for trained emergency crews and working personnel who have the nec­
essary tools and equipment to perform these
operations.
Starting by pushing or
towing
CD Note
Vehicles with an automatic transmission
cannot be started by pushing or towing.
Starting with jumper
cables
If necessary, the engine con be started by con­
necting it to the battery of another vehicle.
If the engine should fail to start because of a dis­
charged or weak battery, the battery can be con­
nected to the battery of
another vehicle, using a
pair of jumper cables to start the engine.
Jumper cables
Use only jumper cables of sufficiently largecross
section
to carry the starter current safely. Refer
to the manufacturer's specifications.
Use only jumper cables with
insulated terminal
clamps which are distinctly marked :
plus(+) cable in most cases colored red
minus(-) cable
in most cases colored black.
A WARNING
Batteries contain electricity, acid, and gas.
Any of these can cause very serious or fatal in­
jury. Follow the instructions below for
safe
handling of your vehicle's battery.
-Always shield your eyes and avoid leaning
over the battery whenever possible.
-A discharged battery can freeze at tempera­
tures just below 32 °F (0 °C). Before con­
necting a jumper cable, you must thaw the
250
frozen battery completely, otherwise it could explode.
- Do not allow battery acid to contact eyes or
skin. Flush any contacted area with water immediately.
- Improper use of a booster battery to start a
vehicle may cause an explosion.
- Vehicle batteries generate explosive gases.
Keep sparks, flame and lighted cigarettes
away from batteries.
- Do not try to jump start any vehicle with a
low acid level in the battery.
- The voltage of the booster battery must also
have a 12-Volt rating. The capacity (Ah) of
the booster battery should not be lower
than that of the discharged battery. Use of
batteries of different voltage or substantial­
ly different "Ah" rating may cause an explo­
sion and personal injury.
- Never charge a frozen battery. Gas trapped in the ice may cause an explosion.
- Never charge or use a battery that has been
frozen . The battery
case may have be weak­
ened .
- Use of batteries of different voltage or sub­
stantially different capacity (Ah) rating may
cause an explosion and injury. The capacity
(Ah) of the booster battery should not be
lower than that of the discharged battery.
- Before you check anything in the engine
compartment, always read and heed all
WARNINGS
~page 203.
CD Note
-Applying a higher voltage booster battery
will cause expensive damage to sensitive
electronic components, such as control
units, relays, radio, etc.
- There must be no electrical contact between
the vehicles as otherwise current could al­
ready start to flow as soon as the positive
(+) terminals are connected.
@ Tips
The discharged battery must be properly con-
nected to the vehicle's electrical system. .,..