light AUDI A7 2013 Workshop Manual

80 On the road
Starting and automatically releasing the
par king brake
.. When you sta rt to drive as usua l, the park­
ing brake is automatically re leased and your
vehicle begins to move.
When stopping at a traffic signa l or stopping
in city traffic, the parking brake can be ap­
plied. The veh icle does not have to be held
with the footbrake. The parking brake elimi­ nates the tendency to creep with a drive range
engaged . As soon as you dr ive off as usual,
the park ing brake is released automatically
and the veh icle sta rts to move .
Starting on slopes
When starting on inclines, the starting assist
prevents the vehicle from unintentionally roll­
ing back . The braking force of the parking
brake is not released until sufficient dr iving
fo rce has been bu ilt up at the whee ls.
(D Tips
For safety reasons, the park ing brake is re­
leased automatically only when the dr iv­
er 's safety belt is engaged in the buck le.
Starting off with a trailer
To prevent rolling back unintentionally on an
incline, do the following:
.. Keep the switch l pulled and depress the
accelerator. The park ing brake stays applied
and prevents the vehicle from rolling back­
ward.
.. You can release the switch
C®l once you are
sure that you a re developing enough for­
ward momentum at the wheels as you de­
press the accelerator .
Depending on the weight of the rig (vehicle
and trai ler) and the seve rity of the incline, you
may roll backwards as you start. You can pre­
vent rolling backwards by holding the parking brake switch(®) pulled out and accelerating -
just as you would when starting on a hill with a conventional hand brake .
Emergency braking
In the event that the conventional brake sys­
tem fails or locks .
.. In an emergency, pull the switch C®l and
con tinue to pull it to slow your vehicle down
w ith the park ing brake.
.. As soon as you release the switch (®) or ac-
celerate, the brak ing process stops.
If you pull the switch C®l and hold it above a
speed of about 5 mph (8 km/h), the emergen­
cy brak ing funct ion is initiated . T he vehicle is
braked at all fou r whee ls by activating the hy­
draulic brake system. The brake performance
is similar to making an emergency stop~&. .
In order not to act ivate the emergency brak­
ing by mis take, an audib le warning tone (buz­
zer) sounds whe n the switch(®) is pulled . As
soon as the sw itch C®l is released , or the accel­
erator pedal is depressed, emergency braking
stops.
_& WARNING
-Emergency braking should only be used in
an emergency, when the normal foot brake
has failed or the brake pedal is obstructed.
Using the parking brake to perform emer­
gency braking will slow your veh icle down
as if you had made a full brake application .
The laws of physics cannot be suspended
even with ESC and its associated compo­
nents (ABS, ASR, EDL) . In corners and
when road or weather conditions are bad,
a full brake application can cause the vehi­
cle to skid or the rear end to break away -
risking an accident.
Start-Stop-System
Description
Applies to vehicles: with Start -Stop -System
T he Start -Stop-System can help increase fuel
economy and reduce CO 2 emissions.
In the Start-Stop-mode, the engine shuts off
automat ically when the veh icle is stopped,
such as at a traffic light. The ignition remains .,.

switched on during this stop phase. The en­
gine will be automatically restarted when
needed.
The last Start-Stop-System setting (on/off us­
ing the button
I CAJ ,.I) will be restored when the
ignition is turned on. The LED in the
l@ "'I but­
ton turns on when the Start -Stop-System is
switched off manually.
Basic requirements for the Start-Stop
mode
- The driver's door is closed .
- The driver' seat belt is latched.
- T he hood is closed.
- The vehicle must have been driven faster
than 2.5 mph (4 km/h) since the last stop .
- A tra iler is not hitched to the vehicle.
_&, WARNING
-Never let the vehicle roll with the engine
switched off. You could lose contro l over
the vehicle . This can lead to a collision
and serious injuries .
- The brake booster and the steering sup­
port do not work wh ile the engine is
switched off. More force is required to
stop and to steer the vehicle .
- To reduce the risk of injuries, make sure
that the Start-Stop-System is turned off
when working in the engine compart­
ment c:>page
82.
(D Note
Always switch off the Start-Stop -System
when driving through water¢ page
82.
On the road 81
Starting/stopping the engine
Applies to veh icles: w it h Sta rt-Stop -System
Fig. 81 Inst rument cluster: en g in e sw itched off (stop
p hase)
~ Slow the veh icle to a stop using the brake
and keep pressing the brake pedal. The en­
gine w ill switch off. The
[I] i ndicato r light
appears in the information line in the instru ­
ment cluster display.
~ When you take your foot off the brake ped­
al, the engine restarts . The indicator light
turns off.
Additional information
The eng ine will switch off in the P, D, N and S
positions as well as in manua l mode. In the P
position, the engine will also remain off if you
take your foot off the brake pedal. The engine
starts again when you select another selector
lever position and take your foot off the brake
pedal.
If you select the R position during a Stop
phase, the engine will start again .
Shift from D to P quickly to prevent the engine
from starting unintentionally when shifting
through R.
You can determine for yourself if the engine
will stop or not by reducing or increasing the
amount of force you use to press the brake
pedal. For example, if you only lightly press
on the brake pedal in stop-and and-go traffic
or when turn ing, the engine will not switch off
whe n the vehicle is stationary. As soon as you
press the brake down ha rder, the engine will
switch off.
lill>

82 On the road
@ Tips
When you stop and the start-stop-system
turns the engine off, the ignition remains
on. Make sure that the ignition is switched
off before exiting the vehicle.
General information
Applies to vehicles: with S tart-Stop -System
The standard Start-Stop-mode can be cancel­
led for different system-related reasons .
Fig. 82 Instrument cluster: eng ine-Stop tempo rar ily
unavai lable
Engine will not switch off
Before each stop phase, the system checks if
certain conditions have been met. For exam ­
p le, the engine will
not be switched off in the
following situations:
- The engine has not reached the minimum
r equired temperature for Start-Stop -mode .
- T he interior temperature selected by the A/C
system has not been reached .
- T he outs ide temperature is extremely h igh/
low .
- T he w indshield is being defrosted
9page 70, 9page 72.
- The pa rking system* is switched on.
- The battery charge level is too low .
- The steering wheel is sharply turned or there is a steering movement.
- After engaging the reverse gear.
- On sharp inclines .
The
r,J indicator light appears in the informa­
tion line in the instrument cluster disp lay
9 fig. 82.
Engine automatically restarts
The stop phase is interrupted in the following
situations, for example. The engine restarts
without any action by the driver.
- The inte rior temperature varies from the
temperature selected in the A/C system.
- The windsh ield is being defrosted
9 page 70, 9page 72.
-The brake pedal is pressed severa l times in a
row.
- The battery charge level becomes too low .
- High power consumption .
@ Tips
If you shift into the D, Nor S posit ions af­
ter shifting into reverse, the vehicle must
be driven faster than 6 mph (10 km/h) in
o rd er for the engine to switch off aga in.
Switching the Start-Stop-System on/off
manually
Appl ies to vehicles : wi th Start-S top-Sys te m
If you do not wish to use the system, you can
switch it off manually.
Fig. 83 Center console: Start-Stop-System button
.,. To switch the Start-Stop -System off/on
manually, press the
! iiil ~·I button. The LED in
the button turns on when the system is
switched off.
(D Tips
If you switch the system off during a stop
phase, the engine will start again auto­
matically.

Messages in the instrument cluster
display
Applies to vehicles: with Start-Stop-System
Start-Stop syste m deacti vated: Please re­
start engine manually
This message appears when specific condi­
tions are not met dur ing a s top phase and the
Start -Stop-System w ill
not be able to restart
the eng ine.
If the Dor R selector lever posi­
tions were engaged, P will be selected auto­ mat ica lly. The engine must be started with
the
! START ENGINE STOP I button .
Start-Stop system: System fault! Function
unavailable
There is a malf unctio n in t he Star t-Stop-Sys­
tem . Dr ive the veh icle to an authorized repair
fac ility for servicing as soon as possible to cor­
rect the malfunction .
Speed warning system
Introduction
The speed warning system helps you to stay
under a specified maximum speed.
The speed warning system warns you if you
a re exceeding the max imum speed that you
have set. You w ill hear a warn ing tone when
your speed exceeds the stored va lue by ap­
p rox ima tely 3 mph (3 km/h) . An indicato r
l ight . (USA models)/ . (Canada mode ls) in
t he ins trumen t cluster display also turns on at
the same time. The indicator light
a;m
turns off when the speed decreases below the
stored maximum speed.
Setting a threshold is recommended if you
wou ld like to be reminded when you reach a
certain maximum speed . Situations where you
may want to do so include driving in a country
with a general speed limit or if there is a
specif ied max imum speed for winter tires.
(D Tips
Even tho ugh your vehicle is equipped with
a speed warning system, you should st ill
On the road 83
watch the speedometer to make sure you
are not driving faster than the speed limit.
Setting the threshold
You can set, chang e and delete the threshold
in the MMI.
.,. Select: I CAR I function button > (Car)* sys­
tems
control button > Driver assist > Speed
warning.
You can set any threshold between 20 mph
(30 km/h) and lS0 mph (240 km/h). Sett ings
can eac h be adjusted in increments of 6 mph
(10 km/h).
Cruise control
Switching on
Applies to vehicles: with cruise control
The cruise control system makes it possible to
drive at a constant speed starting at
20 mph
(30kmlh).
0
f
®t
0
Fig. 84 Contro l lever with set button
Fig. 85 Display: Selected speed
.,. Pull the lever to position © c::> fig. 84 to
sw itch the system on.
.,. Drive at the speed you w is h to set.
.,. Press button @ to set that speed.

84 On th e road
The stored speed and the ind icator light
A;(l)~i~ (US mo dels) 1,'I (Canadian mode ls) a p­
pea r in the instrument cluster d isp lay
c::> fig. 85. The display may vary, depending on
the type of d isplay in your vehicle .
This informat ion is also shown briefly in t he
Head -up Display*.
The speed is kept constant v ia an engine o ut­
put adjustment or active b rake intervention.
A WARNING
- Always pay attention to traffic even when
the cruise control is switched on. You are
always responsible for your speed and
the distance between your vehicle and
other vehicles .
- For safety reasons, the cruise control
should not be used in the city, in stop­
and-go traff ic, on twist ing roads and
when road conditions are poor (such as ice , fog, gravel, heavy ra in and hydro­
planing) -risk of accident.
- Turn
off the cruise control temporar ily
when entering turn lanes, highway exit lanes or in construc tion zones.
- Please note that inadvertently "rest ing"
yo ur foot on the accelerator peda l causes
the cruise control not to brake . T his is
because the cr uise control is overridden
by the d river's acce leration .
- If a brake system malfunction such as
overheating occurs when the cruise con­
tro l system is switched on, the braking
function in the system may be switched
off. The other cruise control functions re­
ma in active as long as the indicator light
[~;rn~i~ (US models) !Ill (Canad ian mod ­
els) is on .
(j) Tips
The brake lights illuminate as soon as the
brakes decelerate automat ica lly.
Changing speed
Applies to veh icles: w ith cru ise control
., To increase/decrease the speed in inc re­
ments, tap the lever in the
0 10 direction
c::> fig . 84
., To increase/decrease the speed quick ly,
hold t he lever in the
0 10 direction until
the desired speed is displayed.
You can also press the accelerator pedal down
to increase your speed, e.g . if you want to
pass someone . The speed you saved earlier
will res ume as soon as you release the acceler­
ator pedal.
If, however, you exceed your saved speed by
6 mph (10 km/h) for longer than 5 m inutes,
the cr uise control wi ll turn
off temporari ly.
The green symbol
A;(l)~i~ (US mode ls) 1,'I
(Canadian mode ls) in the display will go out
but the saved speed rema ins the same .
Presetting your speed
Applies to veh icles : w ith cru ise control
You can preset your desired speed while the
vehicle is not moving.
., Switch on the ignition.
., Pull lever into position
(D c::> fig . 84.
., Press the lever in the 0 or 0 direction to
increase or decrease your speed .
., Release the lever to save that speed .
This function makes it possible, for examp le,
to save the speed you want before dr iving on
the h ighway. Once on the h ighway, act ivate
the cru ise control by pulling the lever toward
(D .
Switching the system off
Applies to veh icles: w ith cruise control
Temporary deactivation
., Press the b rake pedal, or
., Press the leve r into posi tion @(n ot clicked
into place)
c::> fig. 84, or
... Drive for longer t han 5 min utes at more
than 5 mph (10 km/h) above the stored
speed.

Audi adaptive cruise control and braking guard 89
the tachometer @and is also shown briefly
in the display @¢
fig. 91 .
.. You must also press the brake peda l when
the vehicle is stopped.
Switching adaptive cruise control off
.. Push the lever away from you into position
@ until it clicks into place. The message
ACC off appears.
@ Indicator lights
ra 1 -Adaptive cruise control is switched on. No
vehicles are detected up ahead . The stored
speed is ma intained.
I -A moving vehicle is detected up ahead .
The adaptive cruise control system regulates
the speed and distance to the moving vehicle
ahead and acce lerates/brakes automatical ly.
fa) -Adaptive cruise control is switched on. A
moving vehicle up ahead was detected. Your
ve hicl e remains stopped.
I -When automat ic braking is not able to
keep enough distance to a previously detected
moving vehicle up ahead, you must take con­
trol and brake¢
page 91, Prompt for driver
intervention.
© Display
If adaptive cruise control is not shown in the
disp lay, you can call it up with the multifunc­
tion steering wheel buttons ¢
page 23.
Based on the symbols in the d isplay, you can
determine if the system is maintaining a dis­
tance to the vehicle ahead and what that d is­
tance is.
No vehicle -No veh icle ahead was detected .
White vehicle -A vehicle ahead was detected.
Red vehicle -Prompt for the driver to take ac­
tion ¢
page 91.
Both arrow s on the scale© indicate the dis­
tance to the vehicle ahead. No arrow appears
when the vehicle is on an open road and there
is no object ahead . If an object is detected
ahead, the arrow moves on the scale . The
green zone on the scale shows the stored
distance. For information on changing the
stored distance, refer to ¢
page 90 . If the
distance selected is too close or may soon be­
come too close, the arrows move into the red
zone on the sca le .
A WARNING
Improper use of the adaptive cruise con­
trol can cause collisions, other accidents
and serious personal injur ies .
- Pressing the
!SET ! button when driv ing at
speeds below
20 mph (30 km/h), will au­
tomatically accelerate the vehicle to
20
mph (30 km/h), which is the minimum
speed that can be set.
(D Tips
-If you switch the ignit ion or the adaptive
cruise control off, the set speed is erased
from the system memory.
- You cannot switch the Electronic Stabili­
zation Control (ESC) to the SPORT mode
when adaptive cruise control is switched
on.
Changing the speed
Applies to vehicles: with Aud i adapt ive crui se control
0
f
• 0
Fig. 92 Selector lever: changing the speed
.. To increase o r reduce the speed in incre­
ments,
tap the lever up or down.
-0:, N 0 ± ... a)
.. To incr ease o r reduce the speed quickly,
hold the lever up or down until the red LED
@ reaches the desired speed
¢fig. 91.
Following any changes, the new stored speed
will be displayed briefly in the display @
¢fig. 91.

Audi adaptive cruise control and braking guard 91
then maintains the stored distance. If the ve­
hicle ahead accelerates , adaptiv e cr uis e con­
trol will also accelerate up to the stored
speed.
The higher the speed, the greater the distance
in yards (meters)
Q .&. . The Distance 3 setting
is recommended .
The distances prov ided are spec ified values.
Depending on the driving situation and the
how the vehicle ahead is driving, the actual
d istance may be more or less than these tar­
ge t distances.
The various symbols for the time increments
appear briefly in the information line @
¢ fig. 91 when you change the settings.
~-~ --- Distance 1: This setting corre­
sponds to a distance of 92 feet/28 meters
when traveling at 62 mph (100 km/h), or a
time interval of 1 second .
~-- ~-- Distan ce 2: This setting corre­
sponds to a distance of 118 feet/36 meters
when traveling at 62 mph (100 km/h), or a
time interval of 1.3 seconds .
~--- ~-Distance 3: This setting corre­
sponds to a distance of 164 feet/SO meters
when traveling at 62 mph (100 km/h), or a
time interval of 1.8 seconds .
~---- ~ Distance 4: This setting corre ­
sponds to a distance of 210 feet/64 meters
when traveling at 62 mph (100 km/h), or a
time interval of 2.3 seconds .
.&_ WARNING
Following other vehicles too closely in­
creases the risk of co llisions and serious
personal injury.
- Setting short distances to the traffic
ahead reduces the t ime and distance
available to br ing your vehicle to a safe
stop and makes it even more necessary
to pay close attention to traffic.
-
-Always obey applicable traffic laws, use
good judgment, and select a safe follow­
ing distance for the traffic, road and
weather conditions .
@ Tips
-Distance 3 is set automatically each time
you switch the ignition on.
- Your standard settings are automatically
stored and assigned to the remote con­
trol key being used.
Selecting the driving mode
Applies to vehicles : wit h Audi adapt ive cr uise contro l
.,. Select the desired driving mode in drive se­
lect
¢ page 102 .
@ Tips
Your settings are automatically stored and
assigned to the remote control key being
used.
Prompt for driver intervention
Applies to vehicles: with A ud i ada ptive cr uise contro l
Fig. 95 Ins trumen t cluster: req ues t fo r drive r inte rven­
t io n
In certain situations, the system will prompt
you to take action . Thi s could happen, for ex­
amp le, if braking by the adaptive cruise con­
trol system is not enough to maintain enough
distance to the vehicle ahead .
T he ind icator light
I and the symbol in the
display will warn you about the s ituation
¢ fig. 95. You w ill also hea r an acoustic signal.
- Press the brake pedal to slow your vehicle
down.

92 Audi adaptive cruise control and braking guard
Audi braking guard
Descript ion
App lies to vehicles: with Audi adap tive cruise control
Fig. 96 Instrument cluster: approach warn ing
Braking guard uses radar sensors and a video
camera . It also functions within the limits of
the system when adapt ive cruise control is
switched off .
What can braking guard do?
When detected in time, the system can assess
situations when a vehicle ahead brakes sud­
denly or if your own vehicle is traveling at a
high speed and approaching a vehicle up
ahead that is moving more slowly . Brak ing
guard does not react if it cannot detect the
situation .
The system advises you of various situations:
- The
distance warning is given if you are too
close to the vehicle ahead for a long time. If
the vehicle ahead brakes sharply, you will not be able to avoid a collision . The indicator
light
I in the display comes on .
- The
approach warning is given when a de­
tected veh icle up ahead in your lane is mov ­
i ng much more slowly than you are or if it
brakes sharply . When this warning is given,
it may only be possible to avoid a collision
by swerving or braking sharply. Th e indicator
light
I and indicato r in the display will warn
you about the danger¢
fig. 96. You will a lso
hear an acoustic signal.
If you do not react fast enough or do not react
at all to the situation, braking guard will inter-
ll This is not ava ilable in some co un tri es .
vene by braking and the message braking
guard intervention
wi ll appear.
- If a coll is ion is imm inent, the system wi ll
fi rst prov ide an
acute warning by briefly and
sharply applying the brakes.
- If you do not react to the acute warning,
braking guard can brake with increas ing
force within the limits of the system . This
reduces the vehicle speed in the event of a
collision.
- The system can initiate maximum braking
short ly before a co llision
1l . Full deceleration
at high speeds occurs only in vehicles with
adaptive cruise control and side assist (pre
sense plus) .
- If the braking guard senses that you are not
braking hard enough when a collision is im­
m inent, it can increase the braking force .
- The pre sense functions also engage when a
collision is imminent¢
page 194.
Which function s can be controlled?
You can switch braking guard and the dis­
tance/approach warning on or off in the MMI
i=> page 93, Settings in the MMI.
A WARNING
-
Lack of attention can cause collisions, oth-
er accidents and serious personal injuries.
The braking guard is an assist system and
cannot prevent a collision by itself . The
driver must always intervene. The dr iver is
a lways respons ible for braking at the cor­
rect time.
- Always pay close attention to traffic,
even when the braking guard is switched
on. Be ready to intervene and be ready to
take complete control whenever necessa­
ry. Always keep the safe and legal dis­
tance between your veh icle and vehicles
up ahead.
- Braking guard works within limits and
will not respond outside the system lim­
its, for example when approaching a
stopped vehicle or stationary obstacle ..,.

Audi active Lane assist
Active Lane assist
Description
Applies to vehicles: with active lane assist
Active lane assist helps you keep your vehicle
in your lane.
Active lane assist detects lane marker lines
within the limits of the system using a camera in the windshield . If you are approaching a de­
tected lane marker line and it appears likely
that you w ill leave the lane, the system will
warn you by means of corrective steer ing . T he
driver can over ride the cor re ct ive steer ing at
any time. If the veh icle crosses a line, the d riv­
er is also warned by a light
vibration in the
steering whee l. The vibration warning must
be switched on in the MMI for this to happen.
Active lane ass ist is operable when the line
marking the lane is detected on at least one
side of the vehicle .
If the system is in active standby mode and
the turn signa l is activated before driving over
the lane marker line, the warning does not oc­
cur since the system allows for intentional lane changes .
The system is designed for driv ing on free­
ways and expanded highways and thus works
only at speeds of 40 mph (65 km/h) or more .
If the vehicle is also equipped with Audi adap­
tive cruise control*, the corrective steering
will be more specif ic in regard to the driving
situation . In addition to the lane marker lines,
the system can a lso take into acco unt other
objects such as guard rails. If they are detect­
ed i n close proximity to the veh icle, Audi a c­
tive lane ass ist helps prevent the vehi cle from
driving too close to them . The re is also pass­
ing assistance. The system does not provide
any corrective steering if it detects that you
are passing another vehicle.
A WARNING
- The system warns the driver that the ve­
hicle is leaving the lane us ing corrective
Audi acti ve lane a ssis t 95
steer ing. The driver is always responsible
for keeping the vehicle within the lane.
- The system can assist the driver in keep­
ing the vehicle in the lane, but it does
not steer by itself. A lways keep your
hands on the steering wheel.
- Corrective steering may not occur in cer­ tain sit uat ions, such as dur ing heavy
brak ing.
- The camera does not recognize all lane
marker lines. Corrective steer ing can only
take p lace on the side of the vehicle
where lane marker lines are detected .
- Other road structures or objects cou ld
possibly be identified un intent ionally as
lane ma rker lines. As a result, cor rect ive
steer ing may be unexpected or may not
oc cur .
- The camera view can be restricted, for
examp le by vehicles driving ahead o r by
r ai n, snow, heavy spray or light s hining
into the camera. This can result in a ctive
lane assist not detecting the lane marke r
lines or detect ing them inco rrectly .
- Unde r ce rtain condi tions such as ruts in
the road, a banked roadway or cross­
winds, the corrective stee ring alone may
not be enough to keep the vehicle in the
lane.
- For safety reasons, active lane ass ist
must not be used when there are poor
road and/or weather condit ions such as
slippery roads, fog, gravel, heavy rai n,
snow and the potent ial for hydroplaning .
Using act ive lane assist under thes e con­
ditions may increase the risk of a crash.

96 Audi active lane assist
Activating and deactivating
A ppl ies to vehicles: with active lan e assis t
Fig. 97 Turn signal leve r: Active lane ass ist butto n
Fig. 98 Windshie ld: Active lane assist ca mera viewing
wi ndow
-
I
~ Press the c::> fig. 97 button to activate or de­
activate the system. The indicator light.
or . in the instrument cluster will illumi­
nate or go out.
Instrument cluster indicator light
• Ready:
The indicator light shows that the
system is ready to use . The system can now
warn you if you are about to cross a known
lane marker line .
• Not ready: The indicator light shows that
the system is turned on but unable to send a
warning . This can be due to the following:
- There is no lane marker line .
- The relevant lane marker lines are not de·
tected (for example, markings in a construc­
tion zone or because they are obstructed by
snow, dirt, water or backlight ing).
- The vehicle 's speed is below the speed need ­
ed to activate it, which is about 40 mph (65
km/h) .
- The lane is narrower than about 8 ft . (2 .5 m)
or wider than 4 .5 m .
- The curve is too sharp. - The driver's hands are not on the steering
wheel.
(D Tips
Make sure the camera's field of view
c::> fig. 98 is not obstructed by stickers, de­
posits or anything else. For information on
cleaning, refer to
c::> page 216.
Active lane assist display in the
instrument cluster
Applies to vehicles: wit h act ive lane assist
Fig. 99 Display : Active lane assist is switc hed on a nd is
warning
Fig. 100 Instrument cl uster: Active lane assist is
switch ed on but not re ad y to provid e wa rnin gs
You can call up the active lane assist display
using the buttons in the multifunction steer­
ing wheel
c::> page 23.
An additional indicator appears in the Head­
up Display*.
When active lane assist is switched on, the
system indicates which lines are detected by
displaying solid lines on the left and/or right
side of your vehicle: .,..