ESP AUDI S3 2010 Owners Manual

Table of contents
Table of contents
Vehicle literature ........ .
About this Owner's Manual ..... ... ...... ....... .
Controls and
equipment ................. .
Instrumen ts and con trols ..... .
Genera l ill ustration ............. .
Ins trumen ts and
warning/indicat or lig hts ....... .
Instruments ... ... ............ . .
Warning/indicator lights ........ .
Driver in fo rma tion disp lay ..... .
Introduction ... .......... ... ... .
On-Board Diagnostic system (OBD)
Trip compute r ................. .
Menu di splay ............ ...... .
Speed warn ing system ...... ... .
Warnings and symbo ls ......... .
Opening and c losi ng .......... .
Keys .............. ... ......... .
Power locking system .......... .
Doors, power locks ............ .
Powe r w indows ... ... .. .... ... .
Panoramic s liding sunroof ...... .
Emergency mechanical c losing for
t he panoram ic slid ing sunroof .. .
Clear v ision .................... .
Lights . ..... ... ... .... ... ... .. .
Interior lights .................. .
Vision ........ ...... ......... . .
4
5
6
7
7
8
8
1 1
18
1 8
21
22
23
26
28
36
36
38
41
47
49
50
53
53
58
60
Wiper and washer system .. .... .
Mirrors ....................... .
Digital compass ............... .
Seats and storage ............ .
General recommendat ions ..... .
Adjust ing front seats manua lly ..
Ad just ing the power seat ...... .
Adjusting the lumbar support .. .
Head restraints ............... .
Cen ter armrest ... ... ... ... ... . .
Rear seats .................... .
Luggage compartment . ...... . .
Roof rack* installation ......... .
Cup ho lders .......... ........ .
As htray ................ ...... .
Cigarette lighter/socket . .• .... ..
Storage .................. ... . .
War m and cold ........... ... . .
Climate controls ....... ... .... .
Electrically heated front seats . . .
On the road ............... ... . .
Steering ...................... .
Ignition lock and ignition switch .
Sta rting and stopping the engine
Par king bra ke ................. .
Starting on hills ... ...... •.... ..
Cruise control .......... .. ..... .
Transm ission
Manual transmission
S tronic transmission ... .. .. ... .
62
67
70
72
7 2
7 3
74
76
7 7
80
80
81
86
89
91
91
92
96
96
104
105
105
106
107
108
1 10
1 10
1 13
1 13
1 14
Safety first ...... ...... .... .
Driving Safe ly ...... .... ... .... .
Genera l notes ...... ........... .
Proper occupant seating pos it ions
Peda l a rea .................... .
S tow ing luggage .......... .... .
Reporting Safety Defects ...•....
Safety belts ................... .
General notes ....... •..........
Why safety be lts? .. ... ..... •....
Safety belts ........... ... .. ... .
Safety belt pretensioners ....... .
Airbag system ................. .
Important things to know ...... .
Front
airbags .. .... ... ...... .. .
Monito ring the Advanced Airbag
System ... ..... ... .. ..... ... .. .
Side a irbags .............. •....
Side curtain airbags ....... •....
C hild Safe ty ................... .
Important thi ngs to know ...... .
Child safety seats ............. .
Insta lling a ch ild safety seat .... .
LA TCH Lower anchorages and
tethers for children ............ .
Add itio nal Information ......... .
Vehicle operation ...... . .
Intel ligent technology . ... .. .. . .
No tice abo ut da ta recorded by
1 2 4
12 4
12 4
126
130
131
133
13 5
135
136
139
143
145
145
149
156
161
16 4
167
167
172
177
180
185
188
188
ve hicle control modules . . . . . . . . . 188
E lect ronic Stabili zation Program
(ESP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

About this Owner's Manual
This owner's manual contains important information, tips, sugges­
tions, and wa rnings for the use of your vehicle.
Make sure that this owner's manual is always located in the vehicle .
This is especial ly important if you a llow other people to drive the
veh icle, or if you sel l it.
T his owner's manual describes the
equ ip me nt r ange specified for
this model at the editoria l deadline date. Some of the equipmen t
described here will only be availab le at a later date, or on ly in
specific markets.
Some sect ions in this owner's manua l do not apply to al l vehicles.
In that case, the
ran ge of a pplica bility is given at the beginning of
the section, e.g. "Applies to veh ic les : w ith parking system" . In addi­
tion, optional equipment is indicated by an asterisk"*".
T he details in the
illu strations may be different from those in your
vehicle, and are intended to be viewed as a basic guide.
You wil l find a
table of contents at the beginning of this book, which
displays all topics described in this manua l in order of appearance.
You will find an a lphabetical
inde x at the end of this book .
A ll
dire ction s, such as "le ft", "right", "front", "back", are re la tive to
the direction of travel.
* optiona l equipment
.,. This section continues on the next page.
• Indicates the
end of a secti on .
® Registered trademarks are identified with a®. If this symbol is
miss ing, it is no guarantee that t he terms can be used freely.
=> & Cross -reference to a "WARNING!" within a section. For indi ­
cation with a page nu mber, the corresponding "WARN ING!" can be
found outside of the section .
Controls and equip­
ment Safety first Vehicle operation
About thi
s Own er's Manual
& WARNING
Te xt w ith th is sy mbol con tains impo rtant inf ormation on safet y
and how to redu ce the ri sk of per sonal injury or d eath .
0 Note
Text with this symbo l d raws your attention to potential sources of
damage to your vehicle.
Text with this symbo l contains information about the environment
and how you can help protect it.
[ i ] Tips
Text with this symbo l contains special tips and other information
about getting the mos t out of your vehicle and its features. •
Vehicle care Do-it-yourself service Technical data

Instruments and controls
General illustration
G)
0
©
©
Power window switches
Door handle
Power locking switch
Switches for:
- Adjuster for outside mirrors .. ........ ... ...... .
- Switching on heated exterior mirrors
© Light switch .................................. .
© Air outlets .... .... ... .. ............... ........ .
0 Turn signa l and high beam ...... ............. .. .
@ Radio control buttons
@ Steering wheel with:
-Integra ted control buttons (multi -function steering
wheel only) for Audi Sound System
-Horn
- Driver's airbag .............................. .
@ Instrument cluster .................... ...... ... .
@ Radio and telephone control buttons
@ Switches for
- Windshield wiper/washer .... ... .. ...... ... ... .
- Trip computer .... ................... ....... .
@ Depending on options: Radio or Navigation system
(navigation, radio, CD changer)
@ Switches for:
- Electronic Stabilization Program (ESP) .......... .
- Tire pressure monitoring system .. ... .. .... ... .
@ Emergency flasher ............................. .
@) Storage tray .. ... .... ... ... ... .. .. .... ........ .
@ G love compartment ( lockab le) ..... ........ .... .. .
Controls and equip ­
ment
47
42
69
53
102
57
149
8
62
22
188
263 93
93
93
Instruments and controls
@
@
@
@
@
@
Front passenger's airbag
Loudspeaker (treble)
Climate controls .. ..... .. ..... ........... ...... .
Rear window defogger switch ...... ............ . .
Switch for seat heating .. ...... .... .... ......... .
Gear shift lever or selector lever
M I .. - anua transm1ss1on . ........... ....... .... .. .
- Automatic transmission ... ... ...... .... .... .. .
Cup holder ...... ...... ....... ...... .......... .
Electrical socket ............................... .
Elect rical socket ............................... .
AUX-in connection
Parking brake lever ............................ .
Ignition lock ........ ................ .... ...... .
Adjustable steering column ...... .... .... ..... .. .
Cruise control .. ........ ....... ...... .... ...... .
Instrument lighting ............................ .
Data Link Connector for On Board Diagnostic (OBD Ill
Release lever for the engine hood
Switches for:
- Fuel flap release .......... ...... .... ......... .
- Rear hatch release
[ i ] Tips
149
98
103
104
113
114
89
91
91
108
106
105
110 56
21
223
220
43
A separate Owner's Manual is in vehic les that have a factory­
insta lled radio, CD changer, navigation system, AUX -in connection
or multifunction steering wheel. •
I • •

Instruments and warning/indicator lights
Instruments and warning/indicator lights
Instruments
Instrument cluster and controls
The ins trum ent cluster is your central source of informa­
ti on.
Fig . 2 Overv ie w of th e instrume nt clu ster
0
0
0
©
©
©
G)
©
T achometer with time and date display ......•.....
I ndicator lights (turn signals) ... ....... .... ..... .
Coo lant temperature gaug e .... ... ...... ...... .. .
Fuel gauge .. ... .... .. ...... .... ... ..... ... ... .
S pe edom eter wi th o do met er ..... .... ... .. .. ... .
Se t/Chec k button ..... ... ..... ..... ... ........ .
Warn ing/indicator l ights
Reset but ton for 8,9
1 1
9
1 0
1 0
9 , 29
1 1
- Trip odomete r 10
-Service i nterv al dis play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
(D Note
The instrument clu ste r and center c onsole i lluminati on (gauge s and
n eedles) comes on w hen you sw itch on the ignit ion and the vehicle
he adl ights are off . Be awa re of the following difference betw een
models built to US or Canad ian specificat io ns:
• USA models : illumination of the instrument cluster (gauges and
needles), dash and center con sole around the gear shift lever is
controlled by a light sensor located in the instrument panel. The
instrument panel illumination will automatically become dimmer
as the daylight fades away and eventually will go out completely
when outside light is very low . This is to remind you, the driver , to
sw itch on the headlights befo re it gets too dark .
• Canada models: instrument panel illumination will stay bright
regardless of the intensit y of ambient light . Always be aware of
changes in outside light conditions while you are driving . Respond
in time to fading dayl ight by turning the light swit ch to position
jD
(or" AUTO" if you r car i s equi ppe d with this feature) to turn on your
headlights . •
Tachometer (engine rev counter)
T h e ta chom eter ind icates the e ngine RPM (revo luti ons pe r
minut es).
The tachom eter 0 => fig . 2 is the left on e of the two large clock -type
dis plays .
The engine turns at a speed 1 000
times the single di git in the
display, e.g . if the needle p oints at the "2", the eng ine t urns at
2 000 RP M.

Instruments and warning/indicator lights
El ectronic stabilization p rogram (ESP) =:::> page 13 & WARNING
USA models : =:::> page 14 • Failure to heed warning lights and other important vehicle
Malfunction Indicator lamp (M IU information may result in serious personal injury or vehicle
--damage .
Canada models :
=:::> page 14
Whenever stalled or stopped for repair, move the vehi cle a safe Ma lfunction lnd icto r Lamp ( MIU •
distance off the road , stop the engine , and turn on the emergen cy
_D H igh beam =:::> page 14 flasher =:::> page 56.
-- -• The engine compartment of any motor veh icle is a potentially
¢ Le ft tu rn s ig na l =:::> page 1 4 hazardous area. Before you check anything in the engine compart -
ment , stop the engine and let it cool down . Alway s exer cise
c> Right turn signa l =:::> page 14 extreme caution when working under the engine hood
=:::> page 215, "Engine compartment "
CRUISE
USA models: =:::> page 14 Cruise con trol activate d [ i ] Tips -
R~ Canada models : =:::> page 14 • When a yellow warn ing symbo l appears, one warning tone
Cruise control activated sounds. C heck the function displayed as soon as possible.
-.o. A irbag syst em =:::> page 1 4 • When a red symbol appears, three warning tones sound in v-q
succession . The symbo l continues to flash unti l th e fault has bee n
0 Generator =:::> page 1 4 corrected. •
A v
Safety belt =:::> page 15 Ap plies to vehicles: w it h tire press ure mon ito ring sy stem
BRAKE
USA models :
Tire pressure monitoring system -telltale
=:::> page 15 indicator lamp L Bra ke sy stem , park ing b ra ke set
((D) Canada models : =:::> page 15 The war ning/ind ica tor li ght ap pears in the eve nt of a
Brake system, par king brake set significan t loss of air pressure.
USA models : =:::> page 16 The ' , wa rn in g/ind ica to r lig ht illu min ates fo r a few seconds a fter
Anti -lock bra ke system (ABS)
the ignition is turned on as function check and then goes out.
-Canada models : =:::> page 16 If t he 'symbo l ap pears, press ure i s too low i n at leas t one tire.
Ant i- loc k brake s yst em (ABS) When t he system detects a malfu nct ion, the warn ing/ind icator light
/ ~ E
lectro -mechanica l power assist
=:::> page 1 6 will flash for approximately one minute and then remain continu -
ous ly illum inated. Th is seque nce wi ll cont inue upon subsequent
..

vehicle starts up as long as the malfunction exists. Contact your
authorized Audi dealer and have the malfunction corrected .
For more information
:::::> page 264. •
Electronic power control )f'
This warning/indicat or light m onitors the electronic
power control.
The warning/indicator light (E lectronic Power Controll illumi-
nates when you switch on the ignition as a function check.
[ i ] Tips
If this warning/indicator light illuminates while you are driving, then
there is a malfunction in the engine electronics . Have the malfunc ­
tion corrected as soon as possible by your authorized Audi dealer or
qualified workshop. •
Applies to vehicles : wit h diese l en gine
Glovv plug system / Engine malfunction X-
The indicator lamp lights up to show that the glow plugs
are preheating. It flashes if there is an engine malfunc­
tion.
W arning l ight ~ s ta ys lit up
If the indicator light illuminates , the glow plug system is active .
You should start the engine immediately after the indicator light
switches off. The indicator light only illuminates for approximately 1 second if the engine is warm or if the outside temperature is
above 46 °F (8 °Cl.
T here is a fault in the g low plug system if the warning light does
not light up when the engine is
c old. Contact an authorized Aud i
dea ler or a qualified workshop.
Controls and equip ­
ment
In st rum ent s a nd w arnin g/indi cato r ligh ts
Warn in g light "' flas hes
If a malfunction develops in the engine management system while
you are driving, the glow plug light will flash ......... The engine shou ld
be checked by an authorized Audi dealer or a qua lified workshop as
soon as possible.
& WARNING
If you do not p ay atte nti on to the warning light s th at hav e come
o n, thi s could l ead to per sona l injury or d am age to your vehi cle. •
Electronic Stabilization Program (ESP) r;
The warning/indicator light monitors the electronic stabi­
lization program.
The warning/indicator l ight has the following functions:
• it flashes while you are driving, when the ESP or the ASR (Anti·
Slip Regulation) is working .
• it illuminates when you switch on the ignition for approximate ly
2 seconds as a func tion check .
• it illuminates when there is a ma lfunction in the ESP.
• it illum inates after the battery has been d isconnected .
• it illuminates continuous ly when the ESP is switched off.
• it illuminates if there is a malfunction in the ABS, since the ESP
is part of the ABS system .
If the ESP warning/indicator light illuminates and stays on after you
have started the engine, this may mean that the control system has
temporari ly switched off the ESP. If this is case, you can reactivate
the ESP by switching the ignition off and then on again . The
warning/ indicator light should go out to show that the system is
fully functional again.
The ESP warning/indicator light will i lluminate when the ignition is
switched on if the vehicle battery has been disconnected and then .,,
I • •

Inst rum ents and w arnin g/indi cat or li ghts
reconnected again . The light should go out after driving a short
distance if the steering wheel is turned slight ly .
For more information about the ESP:::::,
page 188. •
Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
(USA models )/ (Canada models)
The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (M IU is part of the On-Board Diag ­
nostic (OBD Ill system . The symbo l lights up when the ignition is
turned on and wi ll turn off after the engine has started and has
sett led at constant id le speed. This indicates that the MIL is working
proper ly .
The warning light il luminates when there is a malfunction in the
engine electronic system. Contact your authorized Audi dealer and have the malfunction corrected.
For more information :::::,
page 21. •
High beam @:D
The ~Dwarning/ indicato r light illuminates when the h igh beams are
on or when you use the headlight flasher. For more information
about using the h ig h beams , see :::::,
page 57. •
Turn signals ¢ Q
The indicator light flashes when you use ei ther turn
signal.
Whenever you use the left¢ or the right ¢ turn signal, the ind icator
light flashes . When you use the emergency flasher, both indicator
lights flash .
If one of the turn signal light bulbs burn out, the turn signal will
flash twice as fast as no rma l.•
Cruise control
CRUISE (USA models) / 0 (Canada models)
The CRUISE warning/indicator light illuminates when the cruise
control is activated. •
Airbag system !_J·
This warning/indicator light monitors the airbag and the
tensioner systems.
The ! .!r warning light illuminates for a few seconds each time you
switch on the ignition.
If the
! !r warning light does not go out, or if it illuminates whi le you
are driving, or if it starts to flash, then there is a ma lfunction some ­
where in the system . If the light does not illuminate when you
switch on the ignition, this also means there is a malfunction.
& WARNING
If you ha ve a malfunction in the a irbag sy stem , cont act your autho­
rized Audi dealer immedi ately. Otherwi se the airba g or the belt
ten sioner may not wor k properl y in an acci dent. •
Generator 0
This warning/indicator light detects a malfunction in the
generator or in the vehicle's electrical system .
The O warning/indicator light illuminates when you switch on the
ignition and must go out after the engine has started.
If the
O warning/indicator light il luminates while you are driving,
you shou ld co ntact your authori zed Aud i dealer . Since the veh icle
battery is discharging, you should switch off any unnecessary elec­
trical consumers ( for example, the air conditioner) .•

Safety belts i
This warning/indicator light reminds you to put on your
safety belt.
Th e ,{f. warning/indicator light illuminat es when the ignition is
switched on to remind the driver and (on USA models only) any front
passenger to put on the safety belt. Additionally, an acoustic
warning (gong) will also sound.
For more Information:::::, page
135, "Safety belt warning light-*-"·•
Brake system
BRAKE (USA models) / (CD) (Canada models)
This warning/indicator light illuminates when the brake
fluid level is too low or when there is a malfunction in the
ABS, or when the parking brake is set.
The light illuminates when the ignition is turned on. It goes out after
the engine has been started and the parking brake is fully released.
This indicates that the brake warning light is functioning properly.
If the brake warning light does not light up when the engine is
cranking or the parking brake is applied, there may be a malfunction
in the electrical system. In this case, contact your Audi dealer. If the brake system warning/indicator light flashes, there is a brake
system malfunction.
If the ABS fails, the ABS warning /indicator light (USA
models)/
.J (Canada models) flashes together with the brake system
warning/indicator light:::::,& .
(USA models): If the warning light
BRAKE and the warning light
illuminate together, immediately contact your authorized Audi
dealer or qualified workshop to have all brake pads inspected
=:> page 33.
When the light comes on, an audible warning signal is also given.
Controls and equip ­
ment
Instruments and warning/indicator lights
Parking brake set
The BRAKE or CCi)) (Canada) warning/indicator light illuminates when
the parking brake is set:::::,&.
& WARNING
• USA models : If both the BRAKE warning light and the
warning light come on at the same time, the rear wheels could lock up first under hard braking. Lock-up of the rear wheel brakes
can cause loss of vehicle control and an accident. Have your
vehicle repaired immediately by your authorized Audi dealer or a qualified workshop. Drive slowly and avoid sudden, hard brake
application.
• Canada models: If both the brake warning light CCi)) and the ABS
warning light come on at the same time, the rear wheels could
lock up first under hard braking. Lock-up of the rear wheel brakes
can cause loss of vehicle control and an accident. Have your
vehicle repaired immediately by your authorized Audi dealer or a
qualified workshop. Drive slowly and avoid sudden, hard brake
application
• If the brake warning/ indicator light does not go out after a few
seconds and the parking brake released, or lights up while you are
driving, the fluid level in the brake fluid reservoir is too low. If you
believe that it is safe to do so, proceed immediately at low speed
to the nearest authorized Audi dealer or qualified workshop and have the brake system inspected.
• Always keep in mind that after several brake applications, you
will need greater pressure on the brake pedal to stop your vehicle .
Do not rely on strained brakes to respond with maximum stopping
power in critical situations. You must allow for increased braking
distances. The extra distance used up by fading brakes could lead
to an accident. •
I • •

Instruments and warning/indicator lights
Anti-lock brake system
~ _ (USA models)/ .... (Canada models)
This warning/indicator light monit ors the A BS and the
electronic differenti al lock (EO L).
The ,I<-warning light wi ll come on for a few seconds when the igni ­
tion is switched on. The light will go out after an automatic check
sequence is completed.
There is a malfunction in the ABS when:
• t he war ning/in dicat or li ght does not illuminate when yo u switc h
on the ignition .
• th e warning/indicator l ig ht doe s no t go out after a few sec onds.
• the warning/indicator light illum inates while driving.
Without the electronic assistance of the ABS , the brake system will
still respond and br ake the car. Have the brake system che cked and
restored to its full performance by an authorized Audi dealer a s
soon as possible.
For more information regarding the ABS see
=> page 192 .
Since any malfunction of the ABS also affe cts the ESP, that system's
warning symbol •
=> page 13 will light up along with the A8~/
I':!. (Canada models) warning light.
Unspecific malfunction in the brake system
If bo th the brake warn ing lig ht=> page 15and the wa rn ing l ight
il luminate when the parking brake is released, the likely cause is a
serious m alfun ction in t he brake system beyond an inoperative ABS
=> & .
If an unspec ific defect in the brake sys te m i s indica ted, the e ntire
brake system is likely to be affected and you
must expect degraded
bra ke response and performance.
Since any malfunc tion of the ABS a lso effects the ESP, that system's
warning symbol ~=> page 13 will light up along with the ~1
J
(Canada models) warning light . Malfun
ction in the ele ctronic differential lock
(EDL )
The two syste ms E DL and ABS in te ract. F or th is rea son th e,. ::,
warning li ght/
~ (Canada mode ls) wi ll come on to ind icate a
m alf unctio n in the EDL system =>
page 189 . See your a uthor ized
Aud i dea ler as soon as poss ib le.
& WARNING
• If the / .t (Canada models} warning light does not go out ,
or if it comes on while driving , the ABS system is not working
properly . The veh icle can then be stopped only with the brakes
operating without ABS support . You will not have the protection
ABS provides. Contact your authori zed Audi dealer as soon a s
possible .
• USA models : If both the BRAKE warning light and the
warning light come on at the same time, the rear wheels could
lock up first under hard braking. Rear wheel brake lock -up can
cause loss of veh icle control and an accident . Have your vehicle
repaired immediately by your authorized Audi dealer or a qualified
workshop . Drive slowly and avoid sudden , hard brake application .
• Canada models : If both the brake wa rning light {(j)) and the ABS
warning light come on at the same time , the rear wheels could
lock up first under hard braking. Rear wheel brake lock -up can
cause loss of vehicle control and an accident . Have your vehicle
repaired immediately by your authorized Audi dealer or a qualified
workshop . Drive slowly and avoid sudden, hard brake
application. •
Electro-mechanical power assist / ~
If the i ndicator ligh t illum inates w hile you a re driving, ther e is a
malfunction in the e lectro -mechanica l steering . If the indicator light
is showi ng ....,, , ther e may be a r educ tion i n po w er s teerin g assist. I f
the indicator light is showing @, there may be a total loss of power
s teer ing assis t. The stee ring must be i nspec ted i mme diately by a ._

Driver informati on displ ay
Driver information display
Introduction
Introduction
The Driver information display inside the instrument
cluster provides you , the driver, with important informa­
tion.
Ce nter d isplay
Fig . 6 Inst rum ent
c lu ster : cente r dis pl ay
Fig .
7 Wiper lever :
co ntrol s for t he m enu
d isp lay
W ith th e ignition on, the displ ay in th e Driver Info rmation System
shows the follow ing information :
• CD* inserted or Radio* station set •
Outside tempe rature *: At temperatures below 41 °F ( +5 °C l, a
snowflake symbol appea rs in front of the temp erature display ~& .
• Warning: front lid , door or engine compartment l id open: The
display appears if the door, the engine compartment lid or front lid
is not closed .
• Warning : close fuel tank cap: The Driver information display indi ­
cates when the filler cap is not secured or missing~
page 220.
Additional fun ctions
You can open the following fun ctions in the Driver Information
System display by pressing the
I RESE T] button ~ fig. 7 one or more
times :
Trip computer Digital s peedometer*
Menu display
~ page22
~ page23
The speed warning system is also displayed in the Driver Informa ­
t ion System. You can read how to set it in~
page 26.
Auto Check Con trol
Some functions and vehicle componen ts are scanned for their oper­
ating status when you switch the ignition on and wh ile you are
driving. Malfunc tions or required service procedures are signa led
audib ly and indicated by red and yel low illuminated symbols and
rem inders in the display~
page 28 .
& WARNING
• Never rely e xclusivel y on the outside temperature di spla y to
det ermine if a road surface is ic y or not. Keep in mind that road
s urface s, esp ec ia lly bridge s and overp asses, co uld be i ce cove red
and slippery even at an out side t emperatur e above 41 °F (+ 5
°C l. -.,