fuse CHEVROLET COLORADO 2023 User Guide
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: CHEVROLET, Model Year: 2023, Model line: COLORADO, Model: CHEVROLET COLORADO 2023Pages: 362, PDF Size: 13.62 MB
Page 262 of 362

Chevrolet Colorado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
15274222) - 2022 - CRC - 11/2/21
Vehicle Care 261
Replacing a Blown Fuse
1. Turn off the vehicle.
2. Locate the fuse puller in the enginecompartment fuse block.
3. Use the fuse puller to remove the fusefrom the top or side, as shown above. 4. If the fuse must be replaced
immediately, borrow a replacement fuse
with the same amperage from the fuse
block. Choose a vehicle feature that is
not needed to safely operate the vehicle.
Repeat Steps 2-3.
5. Insert the replacement fuse into the empty slot of the blown fuse.
At the next opportunity, see your dealer to
replace the blown fuse.
Headlamp Wiring
An electrical overload may cause the lamps
to go on and off, or in some cases to
remain off. Have the headlamp wiring
checked right away if the lamps go on and
off or remain off.
Windshield Wipers
If the wiper motor overheats due to heavy
snow or ice, the windshield wipers will stop
until the motor cools and will then restart.
Although the circuit is protected from
electrical overload, overload due to heavy
snow or ice may cause wiper linkage
damage. Always clear ice and heavy snow
from the windshield before using the
windshield wipers.
Page 263 of 362

Chevrolet Colorado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
15274222) - 2022 - CRC - 11/2/21
262 Vehicle Care
If the overload is caused by an electrical
problem and not snow or ice, be sure to get
it fixed.
Fuses and Circuit Breakers
The wiring circuits in the vehicle are
protected from short circuits by a
combination of fuses and circuit breakers.
This greatly reduces the chance of damage
caused by electrical problems.
{Danger
Fuses and circuit breakers are marked
with their ampere rating. Do not exceed
the specified amperage rating when
replacing fuses and circuit breakers. Use
of an oversized fuse or circuit breaker can
result in a vehicle fire. You and others
could be seriously injured or killed.
{Warning
Installation or use of fuses that do not
meet GM’s original fuse specifications is
dangerous. The fuses could fail, and result
in a fire. You or others could be injured
or killed, and the vehicle could be
damaged.
See Accessories and Modifications 0237 and
General Information 0237.
To check or replace a blown fuse, see
Electrical System Overload 0260.
Engine Compartment Fuse Block
If the vehicle has a diesel engine, see the
Duramax diesel supplement.
The engine compartment fuse block is in the
engine compartment, on the driver side of
the vehicle. See Engine Compartment
Overview 0239
Lift the cover to access the fuse block.
Caution
Spilling liquid on any electrical
component on the vehicle may damage
it. Always keep the covers on any
electrical component.
A fuse puller is available inside this fuse
block.
Page 265 of 362

Chevrolet Colorado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
15274222) - 2022 - CRC - 11/2/21
264 Vehicle Care
The vehicle may not be equipped with all of
the fuses, relays, and features shown.Fuses Usage
F1 TCM BATT –Traction Control
Module Power
F2 ECM BATT –Engine Control
Module Power
F3 A/C CLTCH –Air Conditioning
Clutch
F4 –
F5 4 CYL Engine –ECM/FPPM
RUN/CRANK –Engine Control
Module Run/Crank –Fuel
Pump Power Module Run
Crank
6 CYL Engine –ECM/ICCM/
FPPM RUN/CRANK –
Integrated Chassis Control
Module Run/Crank –Engine
Control Module Run/Crank –
Fuel Pump Power Module Run
Crank
F6 WIPER –Front Wipers
F7 Cargo Lamp/Bed Lighting Fuses
Usage
F8 4 CYL Engine –Spare
6 CYL Engine –INJ EVEN –
Fuel Injectors Even
F9 4 CYL Engine –Injectors
6 CYL Engine –INJ ODD –Fuel
Injectors Odd
F10 ECM IGN –Engine Control
Module Ignition
F11 MISC 1 –Oxygen/Mass Air
Flow/Humidity/Induction Air
Temperature/Throttle Inlet
Pressure Sensors
F12 Starter
F13 TCM RUN/CRNK –Traction
Control Module Run/Crank
F14 –
F15 –
F16 –
F17 FRT AXLE ACT –Front Axle
Actuator
F18 –
F19 AERO SHTR –Aeroshutters Fuses
Usage
F20 –
F21 FRT BLWR –Front Blower
F22 ABS VLV –Antilock Brake
System Valves
F23 –
F24 TRLR –Trailer
F25 TREC –Transfer Case
Electronic Control
F26 ABS PUMP –Antilock Brake
System Pump
F27 TRLR BRK CNTRL MDL –Trailer
Brake Control Module
F28 REAR WNDW DEFOG - Rear Window Defogger
F29 –
F30 HTD SEAT DVR –Driver
Heated Seat
F31 –
F32 HTD SEAT PASS –Passenger
Heated Seat
Page 266 of 362

Chevrolet Colorado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
15274222) - 2022 - CRC - 11/2/21
Vehicle Care 265
FusesUsage
F33 BCM 3 –Body Control
Module 3 –Right Headlamp
Low Beam Supply Voltage,
Right Front Turn Signal Lamp
Supply Voltage, Left Park
Lamp Supply Voltage, Left
Rear Park Lamp Supply
Voltage
F34 FPPM –Fuel Pump Power
Module
F35 4 CYL Engine –Not Used
6 CYL Engine –ICCM –
Integrated Chassis Control
Module
F36 CHMSL –Center High
Mounted Stoplamp
F37 HI BEAM RT –Right
High-beam Headlamp
F38 HI BEAM LT –Left High-beam
Headlamp Fuses
Usage
F39 4 CYL Engine –Not Used
6 CYL Engine –Not Used
6 CYL Engine –BISON –RR
DIFF LOCK ACT –Rear
Differential Lock Actuators
F40 4 CYL Engine –Not Used
6 CYL Engine –Not Used
6 CYL Engine –BISON –FRT
DIFF LOCK ACT –Front
Differential Lock Actuators
F41 –
F42 –
F43 4 CYL Engine –COOL FAN –
Cooling Fan
6 CYL Engine –Not Used
F44 –
F45 4 CYL Engine –Not Used
6 CYL Engine –VAC PUMP –
Brake Vacuum Pump
F46 4 CYL Engine –Not Used
6 CYL Engine –ECM 2 –
Engine Control Module 2 Fuses
Usage
F47 MISC 2 –Mid Park Phase
Lock/Active Fuel
Management/Engine Oil and
Canister Purge Solenoid(s)/
Oxygen Sensor
F48 Fog lamps
F49 –
F50 TRLR PRK LAMP –Trailer
Parking Lamp
F51 Horn
F52 –
F53 –
F54 –
F55 –
F56 WASH PUMP –Washer Pump
F57 –
F58 –
F59 –
F60 MIR DEFOG –Mirror Defogger
F61 –
F62 CNSTR VENT SOL –Canister
Vent Solenoid
Page 267 of 362

Chevrolet Colorado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
15274222) - 2022 - CRC - 11/2/21
266 Vehicle Care
FusesUsage
F63 –
F64 TRLR REV LAMP –Trailer
Reverse Lamps
F65 TRLR STOP/TRN LAMP LT –
Left Trailer Stoplamp/
Turnlamp
F66 TRLR STOP/TRN LAMP RT –
Right Trailer Stoplamp/
Turnlamp
F67 EPS –Electric Power Steering
F68 –
F69 RVC –Battery Regulated
Voltage Control
F70 –
F71 –
F72 –
F73 –
F74 GEN –Generator
F75 – Relays
Usage
K1 A/C Clutch –Air
Conditioning Clutch
K2 STRTR –Starter
K3 –
K4 WPR SPD –Wiper
Speed
K5 WPR CNTRL –Wiper
Control
K6 Cargo Lamp/Bed Lighting
K7 PWR TRN –Powertrain
K8 –
K9 4 CYL Engine –
Not Used
6 CYL Engine –
Not Used
6 CYL Engine –BISON –
FRT DIFF LOCK ACT –
Front Differential Lock
Actuators Relays
Usage
K10 4 CYL Engine –
Not Used
6 CYL Engine –
Not Used
6 CYL Engine –BISON –
FRT DIFF LOCK ACT –
Front Differential Lock
Actuators
K11 CHMSL –Center High
Mounted Stop Lamp
K12 –
K13 4 CYL Engine –
Not Used
6 CYL Engine –VAC
PUMP –Brake
Vacuum Pump
K14 TRLR PRK LAMPS –
Trailer Park Lamps
K15 RUN/CRNK –Run/Crank
K16 –
K17 REAR WNDW DEFOG –
Rear Window/Mirror
Defogger
Page 268 of 362

Chevrolet Colorado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
15274222) - 2022 - CRC - 11/2/21
Vehicle Care 267
Instrument Panel Fuse Block
The instrument panel fuse block is behind
the passenger side cowl side trim panel.
Remove the plastic nut at the front of the
cover, then pull the cover away from the
trim panel to access the fuse block.
The vehicle may not be equipped with all of
the fuses, relays, and features shown.
Page 269 of 362

Chevrolet Colorado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
15274222) - 2022 - CRC - 11/2/21
268 Vehicle Care
FusesUsage
F1 BCM 1 –Body Control
Module 1 –Indicator
Dimming Control, Retained
Accessory Power (RAP)
Relay Coil Control, Rear
License Lamp Supply
Voltage, Windshield
Washer Relay Control, Run/
Crank Relay Coil Control,
Cruise/Electronic Torque
Control/Torque Converter
Clutch Brake Signal, Run
Ignition 3 Voltage
F2 –
F3 –
F4 STR/WHL/CNTL –Steering
Wheel Controls
F5 –
BCM 2–Body Control
Module 2 –Interior Lamp
Control, Accessory
Voltage (1), Backup Lamp
Relay Control, Park Lock
Solenoid Control, Trailer
Brake Apply Signal
F6 – Fuses
Usage
F7 –
F8 MIR WNDW MDL –Mirror
Window Module
F9 I/P CLUSTER –Instrument
Panel Cluster
F10 –
F11 BCM 8 –Body Control
Module 8 –Door Lock
Actuator Lock Control 2,
Door Lock Control (2), Door
Lock Actuator Unlock
Control
F12 –
F13 OnStar/HVAC
F14 RDO/INFOTMNT –Radio/
Infotainment
F15 BCM 6 –Body Control
Module 6 –LED Backlight
Dimming Control, Interior
Lamps, Lights Exterior
Reverse/Backup Lamps
Direct Drive, Stop Lamp
Relay Coil Supply Voltage Fuses
Usage
F16 CGM –Communication
Gateway Module
F17 BCM 4 –Body Control
Module 4 –Left Headlamp
Low Beam Supply Voltage,
Right Park Lamp Supply
Voltage, Left Rear Stop
Lamp Supply Voltage, Right
Rear Park Lamp Supply
Voltage
F18 AIRBAG/SDM/AOS MDL –
Airbag/Sensing and
Diagnostic Module/
Automatic Occupant
Sensing Module
F19 –
F20 –
AMP–Amplifier
F21 –
F22 –
F23 DLC/USB FRT –Data Link
Connector/USB Front
Page 270 of 362

Chevrolet Colorado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
15274222) - 2022 - CRC - 11/2/21
Vehicle Care 269
FusesUsage
F24 HVAC IGN/AUX HTR –
HVAC Ignition/Auxiliary
Heater
F25 BCM 7 –Body Control
Module 7 –Right Rear Stop
Lamp Supply Voltage, Left
Front Turn Signal Lamp
Supply Voltage, Standing
Lamp Relay Control
F26 –
F27 –
F28 I/P IGN/AOS DISPLY –
Instrument Panel Cluster/
Automatic Occupant
Sensing Display
F29 MISC RUN/CRNK –Rear
Vision Camera/Transfer
Case Control Module
(4WD)/Inside Rear View
Mirror
F30 –
F31 FRT CAMERA/RPA –Front
Camera/Rear Park Assist Fuses
Usage
F32 SWC BKLT –Steering
Wheel Controls
Backlighting
F33 HTD STR WHL/CGM_IGN –
Heated Steering Wheel/
Communication Gateway
Module Ignition
F34 VENT SEAT FRT –Front
Vented Seats
F35 PRNDL DISPLY/WCM/USB RR–Park/Reverse/Neutral/
Drive/Low Display/Wireless
Charging Module/USB Rear
F36 DLIS –Discrete Logic
Ignition Sensor
F37 –
F38 –
F39 APO 2 –Auxiliary Power
Outlet 2
F40 –
F41 APO 1/LTR –Auxiliary
Power Outlet 1/Cigarrette
Lighter Fuses
Usage
F42 LT PWR WNDW –Left
Power Window
F43 DRVR PWR SEAT –Driver
Power Seat
F44 APO –Auxiliary Power
Outlet
F45 RT PWR WNDW –Right
Power Window
F46 PASS PWR SEAT –
Passenger Power Seats
Relays Usage
K1 RAP/ACCY –Retained
Accessory Power
K2 Run/Crank
K3 –
Wheels and Tires
Tires
Every new GM vehicle has high-quality
tires made by a leading tire
manufacturer. See the warranty manual
for information regarding the tire
Page 354 of 362

Chevrolet Colorado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
15274222) - 2022 - CRC - 11/2/21
Index 353
Driving (cont'd)Winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
E
Electrical Equipment, Add-On . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Electrical System
Engine Compartment Fuse Block . . . . . . . 262
Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Instrument Panel Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Overload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Emergency OnStar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Engine Air Cleaner/Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Check Light (Malfunction Indicator) . . . . . 87
Compartment Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Coolant Temperature Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Drive Belt Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Exhaust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Heater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Oil Life System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Oil Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Power Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Running While Parked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Entry Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Equipment, Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Event Data Recorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341
Exit Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Extender, Seat Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Exterior Cargo Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Exterior Lamp Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Exterior Lamps Off Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Exterior Lighting Battery Saver . . . . . . . . . . 108
F
Fan
Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Filter, Engine Air Cleaner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Flashers, Hazard Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Flat Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 Changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Floor Mats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Fluid Automatic Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Brakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Washer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Fog Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Folding Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Forward Collision Alert (FCA) System . . . . . 212 Four-Wheel
Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Drive Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Drive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Frequency Statement Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Front Axle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Front Fog Lamp Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Front Seats
Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Heated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Fuel Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Economy, Driving for Better . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Filling a Portable Fuel Container . . . . . . . 219
Filling the Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Foreign Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Low Fuel Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Management, Active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Prohibited Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Recommended . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Top Tier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Full-Size Spare Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Fuses Engine Compartment Fuse Block . . . . . . . 262
Page 355 of 362

Chevrolet Colorado Owner Manual (GMNA-Localizing-U.S./Canada/Mexico-
15274222) - 2022 - CRC - 11/2/21
354 Index
Fuses (cont'd)Fuses and Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Instrument Panel Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . 267
G
Gas Strut(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Gauges
Engine Coolant Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Tachometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Trip Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Warning Lights and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . 81
General Information Service and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Vehicle Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Global Positioning System (GPS) . . . . . . . . . . 133
Glove Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
GM Mobility Reimbursement Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Guidance Problems with the Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
H
Halogen Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Hazard Warning Flashers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
HD Radio Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Head Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Headlamps
Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) . . . . . . . . . 103
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Headlamps, Front Turn Signal,Sidemarker, and Parking Lamps . . . . . . 258
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
High/Low Beam Changer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Lamps On Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Heated Steering Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Heated Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Heated Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Heater Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162, 164
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Hill Descent Control (HDC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Hill Descent Control Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Hill Start Assist (HSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Horn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
How to Wear Seat Belts Properly . . . . . . . . . 28
HVAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162, 164
I
If the System Needs Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134
Ignition Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Ignition Transmission Lock Check . . . . . . . . 255
Immobilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Indicator Vehicle Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Infants and Young Children, Restraints . . . . 45
Information Publication Ordering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Infotainment System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341
Instrument Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
Instrument Panel Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Interior Rearview Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 109
J
Jack Auxiliary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Jump Starting - North America . . . . . . . . . . . 297
K
Keyless Entry
Remote (RKE) System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
L
Labeling, Tire Sidewall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271