door lock CHEVROLET VOLT 2011 Workshop Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: CHEVROLET, Model Year: 2011, Model line: VOLT, Model: CHEVROLET VOLT 2011Pages: 516, PDF Size: 6.61 MB
Page 443 of 516

Black plate (77,1)Chevrolet Volt Owner Manual - 2011
Vehicle Care 10-77
6. Plug the power plug (H) into theaccessory power outlet in the
vehicle. Unplug all items from
other accessory power outlets.
See Power Outlets on page 5‑8.
If the vehicle has an accessory
power outlet, do not use the
cigarette lighter.
If the vehicle only has a cigarette
lighter, use the cigarette lighter.
Do not pinch the power plug
cord in the door or window.
7. Start the vehicle. The vehicle must be running while using the
air compressor.
8. Turn the selector switch (A) clockwise to the Air Only
position.
9. Press the on/off (B) button to turn the compressor on.
The compressor will inflate the
tire with air only. 10. Inflate the tire to the
recommended inflation
pressure using the pressure
gauge (C). The recommended
inflation pressure can be
found on the Tire and Loading
Information label. See Tire
Pressure on page 10‑54.
The pressure gauge (C) may
read higher than the actual tire
pressure while the compressor
is on. Turn the compressor
off to get an accurate reading.
The compressor may be turned
on/off until the correct pressure
is reached.
If you inflate the tire higher
than the recommended
pressure you can adjust
the excess pressure by
pressing the pressure deflation
button (D), if equipped, until
the proper pressure reading is
reached. This option is only
functional when using the air
only hose (G). 11. Press the on/off button (B)
to turn the tire sealant and
compressor kit off.
Be careful while handling the
tire sealant and compressor
kit as it could be warm after
usage.
12. Unplug the power plug (H) from the accessory power outlet in
the vehicle.
13. Disconnect the air only hose (G) from the tire
valve stem by turning it
counterclockwise, and replace
the tire valve stem cap.
14. Replace the air only hose (G) and the power plug (H) and
cord back in their original
locations.
15. Place the equipment in the original storage location in the
vehicle.
Page 503 of 516

Black plate (27,1)Chevrolet Volt Owner Manual - 2011
Customer Information 13-27
GM will not access this data or
share it with others except: with the
consent of the vehicle owner or,
if the vehicle is leased, with the
consent of the lessee; in response
to an official request by police or
similar government office; as part of
GM's defense of litigation through
the discovery process; or, as
required by law. Data that GM
collects or receives may also be
used for GM research needs or
may be made available to others for
research purposes, where a need is
shown and the data is not tied to a
specific vehicle or vehicle owner.OnStar®
If the vehicle is equipped with an
active OnStar system, that system
may also record data in crash
or near crash‐like situations.
The OnStar Terms and Conditions
provides information on data
collection and use and is available
in the OnStar glove box kit,
at www.onstar.com (U.S.) or
www.onstar.ca (Canada), or
by pressing the
Qbutton and
speaking to an advisor.
Navigation System
If the vehicle has a navigation
system, use of the system may
result in the storage of destinations,
addresses, telephone numbers, and
other trip information. See Using the
Navigation System on page 7‑39 for
information on stored data and for
deletion instructions.
Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID)
RFID technology is used in some
vehicles for functions such as tire
pressure monitoring and ignition
system security, as well as in
connection with conveniences
such as key fobs for remote door
locking/unlocking and starting, and
in-vehicle transmitters for garage
door openers. RFID technology in
GM vehicles does not use or record
personal information or link with
any other GM system containing
personal information.
Page 505 of 516

Black plate (1,1)Chevrolet Volt Owner Manual - 2011
INDEX i-1
A
Accessories andModifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
Accessory Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
Add-On Electrical Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-63
Air Cleaner/Filter, Engine . . . . . 10-16
Air Conditioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
Air Vents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
Airbag Adding Equipment to the
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38
Airbag System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-40
How Does an AirbagRestrain? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30
Passenger Sensing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33
What Makes an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30
What Will You See after an Airbag Inflates? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31
When Should an Airbag Inflate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-28
Where Are the Airbags? . . . . . . 3-27 Airbags
Passenger Status Indicator . . . 5-20
Readiness Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Servicing Airbag-Equipped
Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38
System Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25
Alarm System
Anti-theft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Alert Pedestrian Friendly . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
AM-FM Radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
Antenna
Multi-band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
Anti-theft Alarm System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Alarm System Messages . . . . . 5-51
Antilock Brake System (ABS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33
Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
Appearance Care Exterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-89
Interior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-93
Assistance Program, Roadside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-6 Audio Players
CD/DVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
MP3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23
Audio System Hard Drive Device (HDD) . . . . . 7-26
Radio Reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17
Theft-Deterrent Feature . . . . . . . . 7-3
Automatic Climate Control System . . . . . . . . 8-1
Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Auxiliary Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-38
B
Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-28
Gauge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
High Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Jump Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-79
Power Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Battery and Charging Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45
Blade Replacement, Wiper . . . 10-31
Bluetooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-85
Brake Parking, Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-35
Page 507 of 516

Black plate (3,1)Chevrolet Volt Owner Manual - 2011
INDEX i-3
CoolantEngine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-21
Engine Temperature
Warning Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27
Cooling System . . . . . . . .10-18, 10-20 Engine Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-47
Courtesy Transportation
Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-8
Cover Cargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-40
Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-46
Customer Assistance . . . . . . . . . . 13-4 Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-3
Text Telephone (TTY)Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-4
Customer Information Service PublicationsOrdering Information . . . . . . 13-12
Customer Satisfaction
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1D
Damage Repair, Collision . . . . . 13-10
Danger, Warnings, andCautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Data Recorders, Event . . . . . . . 13-26
Database Coverage Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-77
Daytime Running Lamps (DRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Defensive Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Delayed Charging Override . . . . 9-52
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Destination, Navigation . . . . . . . . 7-51
Devices, Auxiliary . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-38
Dome Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Door Ajar Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-46
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Power Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Drive Belt Routing, Engine . . . . . 12-3
Drive Mode Messages . . . . . . . . . 5-47 Drive Unit
Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-32
Driver Efficiency Gauge . . . . . . . 5-17
Driver Information Center (DIC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-43
Driver Selected Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26
Driving Defensive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Drunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Highway Hypnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . 9-10
If the Vehicle is Stuck . . . . . . . . . 9-13
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
Off-Road Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
Vehicle Load Limits . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
Wet Roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
Winter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11
Driving for Better Energy Efficiency . . . . . . . 1-25, 9-2
DVD/CD Player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
Page 509 of 516

Black plate (5,1)Chevrolet Volt Owner Manual - 2011
INDEX i-5
Fuel (cont.)Low Fuel Warning Light . . . . . . . 5-28
Requirements, California . . . . . 9-58
System Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-48
Function Check Electric Drive Unit ShiftLock Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-30
Fuses Engine Compartment
Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-38
Instrument Panel Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . 10-42, 10-43
Rear Compartment Fuse Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-45
G
Garage Door Opener . . . . . . . . . . 5-60
Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-60
Gasoline Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-58
Gauges Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Driver Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15 Gauges (cont.)
Speedometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Trip Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Warning Lights and
Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
General Information Service and Maintenance . . . . . 11-1
Towing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-62
Vehicle Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
Global Positioning System (GPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-74
Glove Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
GM Mobility Reimbursement Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-5
H
Halogen Bulbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-34
Hard Drive Device (HDD) . . . . . . 7-26
Hatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Hazard Warning Flashers . . . . . . . 6-4
Head Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Headlamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-34
Aiming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-32
Bulb Replacement . . . . . . . . . . 10-34
Daytime RunningLamps (DRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3 Headlamps (cont.)
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
High/Low Beam Changer . . . . . . 6-2
Lamps On Reminder . . . . . . . . . 5-29
Heated Front Seats . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Heated Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Heating and Air Conditioning . . . 8-1
High Voltage Battery Gauge . . . 5-16
High Voltage Devices and Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-37
High-Beam On Light . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
Highway Hypnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10
Hill and Mountain Roads . . . . . . . 9-10
Hood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9
Hood, Door, Hatch Open Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30
Horn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
How to Wear Safety Belts
Properly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Page 510 of 516

Black plate (6,1)Chevrolet Volt Owner Manual - 2011
i-6 INDEX
I
Immobilizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
Infants and Young Children,Restraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43
Information Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-41
Open Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-24
Infotainment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Instrument Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Instrument Panel Storage Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
J
Jump Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-79
K
Key and Lock Messages . . . . . . . 5-48
Keyless Entry Remote (RKE) System . . . . . . . . 2-3
Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
L
Labeling, Tire Sidewall . . . . . . . . 10-49
Lamp Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-49
Lamps Daytime Running (DRL) . . . . . . . 6-3
Dome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Exterior Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
License Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-36
Malfunction Indicator . . . . . . . . . 5-21
On Reminder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Lap-Shoulder Belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19
LATCH System Replacing Parts after aCrash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-57
LATCH, Lower Anchors and
Tethers for Children . . . . . . . . . . 3-49
Lifting the Vehicle, Tires . . . . . . . 10-5
Lighting Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
Exit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Illumination Control . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5 Lights
Airbag Readiness . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Antilock Brake System
(ABS) Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
Brake System Warning . . . . . . . 5-24
Charging System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Cruise Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
Electric Parking Brake . . . . . . . . 5-25
Engine Coolant Temperature Warning . . . . . . . 5-27
Engine Oil Pressure . . . . . . . . . . 5-28
Flash-to-Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
High-Beam On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
High/Low Beam Changer . . . . . . 6-2
Hood, Door, Hatch Open . . . . . 5-30
Low Fuel Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28
Mountain Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
Safety Belt Reminders . . . . . . . . 5-18
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
Service Electric Parking Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Sport Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27
Traction Control System (TCS)/StabiliTrak
®. . . . . . . . . . 5-27
Page 511 of 516

Black plate (7,1)Chevrolet Volt Owner Manual - 2011
INDEX i-7
LocksAutomatic Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Delayed Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Lockout Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Power Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Loss of Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
Low Fuel Warning Light . . . . . . . . 5-28
Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children
(LATCH System) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-49
M
Maintenance
Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8
Maintenance Modes . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28
Maintenance Schedule Recommended Fluids andLubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6
Scheduled Maintenance . . . . . . 11-2
Malfunction Indicator Lamp . . . . 5-21
Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-44 Menu
Configure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-66
Messages Airbag System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-51
Anti-theft Alarm System . . . . . . . 5-51
Brake System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-46
Door Ajar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-46
Drive Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-47
Electric Drive Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-47
Engine Cooling System . . . . . . . 5-47
Engine Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-48
Fuel System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-48
Key and Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-48
Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-49
Object Detection System . . . . . 5-49
Propulsion Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-50
Ride Control System . . . . . . . . . . 5-50
Service Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-51
Starting the Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . 5-52
Tire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-52
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45
Vehicle Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-53
Washer Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-53 Mirrors
Automatic Dimming
Rearview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Convex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Folding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Heated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Mode Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-25
Extended Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-25
Modes
Driver Selected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28
Monitor System, Tire Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-55
Mountain Mode Light . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
MP3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23
Multi-band Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
Page 512 of 516

Black plate (8,1)Chevrolet Volt Owner Manual - 2011
i-8 INDEX
N
NavigationDestination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-51
Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-47
Using the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-39
Vehicle Data Recordingand Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-27
New Vehicle Break-In . . . . . . . . . . 9-18
O
Object Detection System Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-49
Odometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Trip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Off-Road Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
Oil Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12
Engine Oil Life System . . . . . 10-15
Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-48
Pressure Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28
Older Children, Restraints . . . . . 3-41
Online Owner Center . . . . . . . . . . 13-4
OnStar
®System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27
Open Source Information . . . . . 13-24 Ordering
Map DVDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-76
Service Publications . . . . . . . . 13-12
Out of Fuel/Engine Unavailable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28
Outlets Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Overheating, Engine . . . . . . . . . . 10-23
Overview, Infotainment System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
P
ParkShifting into . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22
Shifting out of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-23
Parking Assist, Ultrasonic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-43
Brake and P (Park)Mechanism Check . . . . . . . . 10-30
Over Things That Burn . . . . . . . 9-24
Passenger Airbag Status Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
Passenger Sensing System . . . 3-33
Pedestrian Friendly Alert . . . . . . . 6-2
Perchlorate Materials
Requirements, California . . . . . 10-3 Personalization
Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-53
Phone Bluetooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-85
Plug-In Charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-49
Power Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18
Door Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11
Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31
Mirrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Outlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Protection, Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
Retained Accessory (RAP) . . . 9-22
Steering Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-24
Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17
Pregnancy, Using Safety
Belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23
Privacy Radio FrequencyIdentification (RFID) . . . . . . . 13-27
Problems with Route
Guidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-76
Program Courtesy Transportation . . . . . . 13-8