wheel CHRYSLER VOYAGER 1996 Service Manual
[x] Cancel search | Manufacturer: CHRYSLER, Model Year: 1996, Model line: VOYAGER, Model: CHRYSLER VOYAGER 1996Pages: 1938, PDF Size: 55.84 MB
Page 1773 of 1938

(3) Install hood latch cable.
(4) Install lower steering column cover and knee
blocker reinforcement.
JACK STORAGE COVER
LONG WHEEL BASE
REMOVAL
(1) Depress latch handle at top of jack storage
cover (Fig. 50).
(2) Pull outward at top of cover to disengage latch.
(3) Remove jack storage cover from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
(1) Place jack storage cover in position on vehicle.
(2) Align guide pins.
(3) Push inward at top of cover to engage latch
and fastener.
SHORT WHEEL BASE
REMOVAL
(1) Open quarter panel bin storage cover.
(2) Lift upward and rearward on jack storage cover
retaining latch to disengage (Fig. 51).
(3) Remove jack storage cover from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
(1) Position jack storage cover to vehicle.
(2) Snap storage cover latch into position on quar-
ter trim panel.
(3) Close quarter trim panel bin storage cover.
LEFT D-PILLAR TRIM PANEL
REMOVAL
(1) Remove rear header trim cover.
(2) Remove liftgate sill plate.
(3) Remove second rear seat belt turning loop on
long wheel base vehicle.
(4) Remove bolt holding second rear seat belt
lower anchor to quarter on short wheel base vehicle.
(5) Remove jack storage cover.
(6) Remove screws holding trim panel to D-pillar
(Fig. 52), (Fig. 53), and (Fig. 54).
(7) Disengage hidden clips holding trim to D-pillar.
(8) Disconnect speaker wire connector, if equipped.
(9) Pass seat belt through slot in D-pillar trim
panel on short wheel base vehicle.
(10) Remove D-pillar trim from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
(1) Pass seat belt through slot in D-pillar trim
panel on short wheel base vehicle.
(2) Position D-pillar trim panel on vehicle.
Fig. 49 Hood Release Handle
Fig. 50 Jack Storage Cover ± LWB
Fig. 51 Jack Storage Cover ± SWB
NSBODY 23 - 43
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
Page 1774 of 1938

(3) Connect speaker wire connector to speaker, if
equipped.
(4) Align locating pins on backside of trim panel to
mating holes in inner quarter panel.
(5) Engage hidden clips to hold trim to D-pillar.
(6) Install screws to hold trim to D-pillar.
(7) Install jack storage cover.
(8) Install bolt to hold second rear seat belt lower
anchor to quarter on short wheel base vehicle.
Tighten all seat belt bolts to 39 N´m (29 in. lbs.).
(9) Install second rear seat belt turning loop on
long wheel base vehicle.
(10) Install liftgate sill plate.
(11) Install rear header trim cover.
LEFT QUARTER TRIM PANEL
REMOVAL
CAUTION: Disconnect the negative cable clamp
from battery post. Damage to accessory feed circuit
can result.
(1) Remove first rear seat.
(2) Remove second rear seat, if equipped.
(3) Remove front door sill plate on three door vehi-
cle.(4) Remove sliding door sill plate on four door
vehicle.
(5) Remove left quarter trim bolster.
(6) Remove upper left B-pillar trim on three door
vehicle.
(7) Remove C-pillar trim panel.
(8) Remove left D-pillar trim panel.
(9) Remove first rear seat belt anchor.
(10) Remove second rear seat belt anchor on long
wheel base vehicle.
(11) Remove left front seat belt opening bezel from
quarter trim on three door vehicle.
(12) Remove screws holding quarter trim to quar-
ter panel in B-pillar area on three door vehicle (Fig.
52) and (Fig. 54).
(13) Remove screws holding quarter trim to quar-
ter panel from bolster area (Fig. 52), (Fig. 53), and
(Fig. 54).
(14) Remove screws holding rear edge of quarter
trim to attaching bracket or inner quarter trim
panel.
(15) Remove screws holding top of trim panel to
inner sheet metal between B-pillar and C-pillar on
three door vehicle.
(16) Disconnect wire connector from accessory
power outlet, if equipped.
(17) Remove quarter trim from quarter panel.
Fig. 52 Left Quarter and D-Pillar Trim Panels ± LWB 3 Door
23 - 44 BODYNS
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
Page 1775 of 1938

(18) Pass front seat belt and turning loop through
slot in quarter trim panel on three door vehicle.
(19) Pass first rear seat belt through slot in quar-
ter trim panel.
(20) Pass second rear seat belt, if equipped,
through slot in quarter trim panel on long wheel
base vehicle.
(21) Remove quarter trim panel from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
(1) Position quarter trim panel on vehicle.
(2) Pass second rear seat belt, if equipped, through
slot in quarter trim panel on long wheel base vehicle.
(3) Pass first rear seat belt through slot in quarter
trim panel.
(4) Pass front seat belt through slot in quarter
trim panel on three door vehicle.
(5) Connect wire connector into accessory power
outlet, if equipped.
(6) Align locating pins on backside of trim panel to
mating holes in inner panels.
(7) Position quarter trim panel on inner quarter
panel.
(8) Install screws to hold top of trim panel to inner
sheet metal between B-pillar and C-pillar on three
door vehicle.(9) Install screws to hold rear edge of quarter trim
to attaching bracket or inner quarter panel.
(10) Install screws to hold quarter trim to inner
quarter panel in bolster area.
(11) Install screws to hold quarter trim to inner
quarter panel in B-pillar area on three door vehicle.
(12) Install left front seat belt opening bezel into
quarter trim on three door vehicle.
(13) Install second rear seat belts anchor on long
wheel base vehicle. Tighten all seat belt bolts to 39
N´m (28 in. lbs.) torque.
(14) Install first rear seat belt anchor.
(15) Install left D-pillar trim panel.
(16) Install C-pillar trim panel.
(17) Install upper left B-pillar trim on three door
vehicle.
(18) Install left quarter trim bolster.
(19) Install front door sill plate on three door vehi-
cle.
(20) Install sliding door sill plate on four door
vehicle.
(21) Install second rear seat, if equipped.
(22) Install first rear seat.
(23) Connect the battery negative cable.
Fig. 53 Left Quarter and D-Pillar Trim Panels ± LWB Four Door
NSBODY 23 - 45
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
Page 1785 of 1938

REAR HVAC LOUVER AND BEZEL
REMOVAL
(1) Using a trim stick (C-4755), pry edge of louver
from bezel.
(2) Remove HVAC louver from bezel.
(3) Using a trim stick, pry lower edge of HVAC
bezel away from headlining (Fig. 78).
(4) Remove louver from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
(1) Place bezel in position in HVAC duct opening.
(2) Push inward on bezel until clips snap in place.
Verify that all four clips have been engaged to the
bezel and that the bezel is flush to the headlining
(3) Position HVAC louver to bezel.
(4) Snap both ends of the louver into HVAC bezel.
REAR HEADER TRIM
REMOVAL
(1) Disengage hidden clips holding trim to rear
header (Fig. 79).
(2) Separate rear header trim from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
(1) Place rear header trim in position on vehicle.
(2) Align guide pins on trim to holes in header.
(3) Engage hidden clips to hold trim to rear
header.
RIGHT D-PILLAR TRIM PANEL
REMOVAL
(1) Remove rear header trim cover.
(2) Remove liftgate sill plate.
(3) Remove second rear seat belt turning loop on
long wheel base vehicle.(4) Remove bolt holding second rear seat belt, if
equipped, anchor to quarter on short wheel base
vehicle.
(5) Remove quarter trim bolster on short wheel
base vehicle.
(6) Remove screws holding trim panel to attaching
bracket on short wheel base vehicle (Fig. 80).
(7) Disengage hidden clips holding trim to D-pillar
(Fig. 80), (Fig. 81), and (Fig. 82).
(8) Remove D-pillar trim panel from D-pillar.
(9) Disconnect speaker wire connector, if equipped.
(10) P
ass second rear seat belt, if equipped, through
slot in trim panel on short wheel base vehicle.
(11) Remove D-pillar trim from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
(1) Position D-pillar trim on vehicle.
(2) Pass second rear seat belt, if equipped, through
slot in trim panel on short wheel base vehicle.
(3) Connect speaker wire connector to speaker, if
equipped.
(4) Align locating pins on backside of trim panel to
mating holes in D-pillar.
(5) Engage hidden clips to hold trim to D-pillar.
(6) Install screws to hold trim panel to attaching
bracket on short wheel base vehicle.
(7) Install quarter trim bolster on short wheel base
vehicle.
(8) Install bolt to attach second rear seat belt, if
equipped, anchor to quarter on short wheel base
vehicle. Tighten all seat belt bolts to 39 N´m (29 in.
lbs.) torque.
(9) Install second rear seat belt turning loop on
long wheel base vehicle.
(10) Install liftgate sill plate.
(11) Install rear header trim cover.
Fig. 78 Rear HVAC Louver
Fig. 79 Rear Header Trim
NSBODY 23 - 55
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
Page 1786 of 1938

RIGHT QUARTER TRIM PANEL
REMOVAL
CAUTION: Disconnect the battery negative cable.
Damage to accessory feed circuit can result.
(1) Remove first rear seat.
(2) Remove second rear seat, if equipped.
(3) Remove sliding door sill trim panel.
(4) Remove quarter trim bolster.
(5) Remove C-pillar trim panel.
(6) Remove D-pillar trim panel.
(7) Remove first rear seat belt anchor.
(8) Remove second rear seat belt anchor on long
wheel base vehicle.
(9) Remove screws holding quarter trim to quarter
panel from bolster area.
(10) Remove screws holding rear edge of quarter
trim to attaching bracket.
(11) Disengage hidden clips holding front of quar-
ter trim to quarter panel rearward of sliding door
opening.
(12) Remove quarter trim from quarter panel.
(13) Disconnect wire connector from accessory
power outlet, if equipped.(14) Pass second rear seat belt through slot in trim
panel on long wheel base vehicle.
(15) Pass first rear seat belt through slot in trim
panel.
(16) Remove quarter trim panel from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
(1) Position quarter trim panel on vehicle.
(2) Pass first rear seat belt through slot in trim
panel.
(3) Pass second rear seat belt through access hole
in trim panel on long wheel base vehicle.
(4) Connect wire connector into accessory power
outlet, if equipped.
(5) Align locating pins on backside of trim panel to
mating holes in inner quarter panel.
(6) Engage hidden clips to hold front of quarter
trim to quarter panel rearward of sliding door open-
ing.
(7) Install screws to hold rear edge of quarter trim
to attaching bracket.
(8) Install screws to hold quarter trim to inner
quarter panel in bolster area.
(9) Install second rear seat belt anchor on long
wheel base vehicle. Tighten all seat belt bolts to 39
N´m (29 in. lbs.) torque.
Fig. 80 Right Quarter and D-Pillar Trim Panels ± SWB
23 - 56 BODYNS
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
Page 1791 of 1938

SEAT BELT LEFT FIRST REAR OUTBOARD ± LWB
THREE DOOR
REMOVAL
(1) Remove first and second rear seats. Refer to
Owner's manual for proper procedures.
(2) Remove shoulder harness height adjuster knob
by pulling it straight away from adjuster.
(3) Slide floor anchor cover from over the anchor
bolt.
(4) Remove floor anchor bolt (Fig. 88).
(5) Remove anchor from floor.
(6) Open clam shell cover from over seat belt turn-
ing loop.
(7) Remove bolt holding turning loop to shoulder
belt height adjuster (Fig. 88).
(8) Remove turning loop from C-pillar.
(9) Remove C-pillar upper trim cover.
(10) Remove lower quarter trim panel.
(11) Route seat belt webbing and turning loop
through access hole in lower quarter trim panel.
(12) Remove bolt holding seat belt retractor to
quarter panel.
(13) Lift retractor upward and disengage arrow
head retainer holding retractor to quarter panel (Fig.
88).
(14) Remove seat belt from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
For installation, reverse the above procedures.
Tighten all seat belt anchor bolts to 39 N´m (29 ft.
lbs.) torque.
SEAT BELT LEFT FIRST REAR OUTBOARD ± SWB
THREE DOOR
REMOVAL
(1) Remove first and second rear seats. Refer to
Owner's manual for proper procedures.
(2) Remove shoulder harness height adjuster knob
by pulling it straight away from adjuster.
(3) Slide floor anchor cover from over the anchor
bolt.
(4) Remove floor anchor bolt (Fig. 88).
(5) Remove anchor from floor.
(6) Open clam shell cover from over seat belt turn-
ing loop.
(7) Remove bolt attaching turning loop to shoulder
belt height adjuster.
(8) Remove turning loop from C-pillar.
(9) Remove B-pillar upper trim cover.
(10) Remove C-pillar upper trim cover.
(11) Remove lower quarter trim panel.
(12) Route seat belt webbing and turning loop
through access hole in lower quarter trim panel.(13) Remove bolt holding seat belt retractor to
quarter panel.
(14) Lift retractor upward and disengage arrow
head retainer holding retractor to quarter panel (Fig.
88).
(15) Remove seat belt from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
For installation, reverse the above procedures.
Tighten all seat belt anchor bolts to 39 N´m (29 ft.
lbs.) torque.
SEAT BELT SECOND REAR OUTBOARD ± SWB
REMOVAL
(1) Remove second rear seat from vehicle. Refer to
Owner's Manual for proper procedures.
(2) Slide lower anchor cover from over the anchor
shoulder-nut.
(3) Remove lower anchor shoulder-nut.
(4) Remove lower anchor from wheelhouse (Fig.
89).
(5) Remove D-pillar trim panel.
(6) Route seat belt webbing and turning loop
through access hole in quarter trim.
(7) Remove bolts attaching seat belt guide loop to
inner quarter panel.
(8) Remove anchor bolt attaching retractor to
inner quarter panel.
(9) Remove second rear seat belt retractor from
vehicle (Fig. 89).
Fig. 88 Seat Belt Left First Rear Outboard ± SWB
Three Door
NSBODY 23 - 61
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
Page 1792 of 1938

INSTALLATION
For installation, reverse the above procedures.
Tighten all seat belts to 39 N´m (29 ft. lbs.) torque.
SEAT BELT SECOND RIGHT REAR OUTBOARD ±
LW B
REMOVAL
(1) Remove second rear seat from vehicle. Refer to
Owner's Manual for proper procedures.
(2) Slide lower anchor cover from over the anchor
shoulder-nut.
(3) Remove lower anchor shoulder-nut (Fig. 90).
(4) Remove lower anchor from wheelhouse.
(5) Fold upper turning loop extension cover down-
ward to gain access to anchor bolt.
(6) Remove bolt holding turning loop to extension
bracket above quarter glass (Fig. 90).
(7) Remove turning loop from extension bracket.
(8) Remove D-pillar trim panel.
(9) Remove quarter trim bolster.
(10) Route seat belt webbing and turning loop
through access hole in quarter trim.
(11) Remove bolt attaching retractor to inner quar-
ter panel (Fig. 90).
(12) Remove screw attaching retractor to inner
quarter panel.
(13) Remove second rear seat belt retractor from
vehicle.
INSTALLATION
(1) Position second rear seat belt retractor in vehicle.
(2) Install screw attaching retractor to inner quar-
ter panel.
(3) Install bolt to attach retractor to inner quarter
panel.
(4) Route seat belt webbing and turning loop
through access hole in quarter trim.
(5) Install quarter trim bolster.
(6) Install D-pillar trim panel.
(7) Position turning loop to extension bracket.
(8) Install bolt to hold turning loop to extension
bracket above quarter glass. Tightening specifications
for all seat belt bolts is 39 N´m (29 ft. lbs.) torque.
(9) Install upper turning loop extension cover.
(10) Position lower anchor to wheelhouse.
(11) Install lower anchor shoulder-nut.
(12) Install lower anchor cover over the anchor
shoulder-nut.
(13) Install second rear seat to vehicle. Refer to
Owner's Manual for proper procedures.
SECOND RIGHT REAR OUTBOARD SEAT BELT ±
LWB W/REAR HVAC
REMOVAL
(1) Remove second rear seat from vehicle. Refer to
Owner's Manual for proper procedures.
(2) Slide lower anchor cover from over the anchor
shoulder-nut.
(3) Remove lower anchor shoulder-nut.
(4) Remove lower anchor from wheelhouse.
(5) Fold upper turning loop extension cover down-
ward to gain access to anchor bolt.
Fig. 89 Seat Belt Second Rear Outboard ± SWBFig. 90 Second Right Rear Outboard Seat Belt ±
LW B
23 - 62 BODYNS
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
Page 1805 of 1938

(5) If necessary, install screw from inside ash
receiver bezel on left sliding door trim panel.
(6) Install sliding door upper frame molding.
SLIDING DOOR UPPER ROLLER
REMOVAL
(1) Open sliding door, do not latch open.
(2) Remove screw holding upper stop bracket to
upper roller bracket (Fig. 127).
(3) Remove stop bracket from vehicle.
(4) Place a padded block between the open sliding
door and the roof rail.
(5) Mark outline of upper roller bracket on sliding
door.
(6) Remove bolts holding upper roller to sliding
door (Fig. 128).
(7) Remove upper roller from door.
(8) Slide roller out of rear end of roof rail channel.
(9) Remove upper roller from vehicle.
INSTALLATION
(1) Place upper roller in position on vehicle.
(2) Slide roller into rear end of roof rail channel.
(3) Place upper roller in position on door.
(4) Align outline marks on sliding door to upper
roller bracket
(5) Install bolts to hold upper roller to sliding door.
(6) Remove padded block from between sliding
door and roof rail.
(7) Place stop bracket in position on vehicle.
(8) Install screw to hold upper stop bracket to
upper roller bracket.(9) Verify sliding door alignment and operation.
Adjust as necessary.
SLIDING DOOR WEATHER-STRIP
REMOVAL
(1) Open sliding door.
(2) Remove door opening sill plate.
(3) Loosen B-pillar trim covers.
(4) Loosen quarter panel trim panels.
(5) From splice at the bottom center of door open-
ing, pull weather-strip from pinch flange around door
opening.
INSTALLATION
For installation, reverse the above procedures.
STICK-ON BODY SIDE MOLDING
REMOVAL
Refer to (Fig. 129), (Fig. 130), (Fig. 131), (Fig. 132)
or (Fig. 133) for proper location of fasteners holding
the molding to the wheelhouse lip and rocker panels.
(1) Warm the affected stick-on molding and body
metal to approximately 38ÉC (100ÉF) using a suitable
heat lamp or heat gun.
Fig. 126 Sliding Door Trim Panel Screws
Fig. 127 Sliding Door Upper Stop
Fig. 128 Sliding Door Upper Roller
NSBODY 23 - 75
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
Page 1806 of 1938

(2) If equipped, remove pop-rivets holding molding
edge to wheelhouse lip.
(3) Pull stick-on molding from painted surface.
(4) Remove adhesive tape residue from painted
surface of vehicle. Use a 3M Scotch-BriteyMolding
Adhesive and Stripe Removal Disc, or equivalent, to
clean adhesive residue from painted surfaces. These
products are available from automotive paint suppli-
ers. Refer to instructions supplied with the specific
product for proper usage.
INSTALLATION
Refer to (Fig. 129), (Fig. 130), (Fig. 131), (Fig. 132)
or (Fig. 133) for proper location of fasteners to hold
the molding to the wheelhouse lip and rocker panels.
(1) If molding is to be reused;
(a) Remove tape residue from molding.
(b) Clean back of molding with MopartSuper
Kleen, or equivalent.
(c) Wipe molding dry with lint free cloth.
(d) Apply a single coat of MopartTPO Molding
Prep to tape side of molding and allow to dry thor-
oughly.
(e) Apply new body side molding (two sided
adhesive) tape to back of molding.
(2) Clean body surface with MopartSuper Kleen,
or equivalent. Wipe surface dry with lint free cloth.(3) Remove protective cover from tape on back of
molding.
(4) Apply molding to body from front to rear,
inserting locator pins into hole in body panel.
(5) Using a roller tool, roll molding onto body
panel with enough force to assure adhesion. Do not
apply excessive force, or damage to body panels may
result.
(6) Install pop-rivets to hold molding edge to
wheelhouse lip, if necessary.
SUN VISOR
All vehicles with driver and passenger side airbags
must have a colored coded five Bullet point airbag
warning label applied to the sun visor, verify label
availability and ensure the label is installed.
REMOVAL
(1) Disengage sun visor from center support.
(2) Remove screws attaching sun visor to roof
header (Fig. 134).
(3) Remove sun visor from roof.
(4) If equipped, disconnect illuminated vanity mir-
ror wire connector from body harness.
(5) Remove sun visor from vehicle.
Fig. 129 Body Side Moldings ± Base
23 - 76 BODYNS
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION (Continued)
Page 1817 of 1938

HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING
CONTENTS
page page
FRONT HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING
SYSTEM............................... 1REAR HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING
SYSTEM.............................. 41
FRONT HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
INDEX
page page
GENERAL INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION......................... 2
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND WARNINGS...... 2
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
A/C PRESSURE TRANSDUCER.............. 2
A/C SERVICE PORTS..................... 2
AIR DISTRIBUTION DUCTS................. 2
COMPRESSOR HIGH-PRESSURE RELIEF
VALVE................................ 3
CONDENSATE DRAIN..................... 3
ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS . . 3
EVAPORATOR PROBE..................... 3
HANDLING TUBING AND FITTINGS........... 3
HVAC CONTROL MODULE................. 4
REAR BLOWER SPEED SWITCH............ 3
SIDE DOOR HEATER A/C OUTLETS.......... 4
SIDE WINDOW DEMISTER................. 4
SYSTEM AIRFLOW....................... 4
SYSTEM OIL LEVEL...................... 5
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
A/C PERFORMANCE TEST................ 12
A/C PRESSURE TRANSDUCER............. 12
ACTUATOR CALIBRATION/DIAGNOSTICS AND
COOLDOWN TEST...................... 6
BLOWER MOTOR AND WHEEL ASSEMBLY.... 13
COMPRESSOR CLUTCH/COIL.............. 13
COMPRESSOR NOISE DIAGNOSIS.......... 13
EXPANSION VALVE...................... 13
HEATER PERFORMANCE TEST............ 15
HVAC CONTROL DIAGNOSTIC CONDITIONS . . . 9
SYSTEM CHARGE LEVEL TEST............ 16SERVICE PROCEDURES
CHARGING REFRIGERANT SYSTEM........ 17
EVACUATING REFRIGERANT SYSTEM....... 18
R-134a REFRIGERANT................... 16
STICKING HVAC CONTROL MODULE PUSH
BUTTONS............................ 19
SYSTEM LEAK CHECKING................ 19
THERMOCOUPLE PROBE................. 19
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
A/C PRESSURE TRANSDUCER............. 20
A/C SERVICE PORTS.................... 20
BLEND-AIR DOOR ACTUATOR............. 20
BLOWER MOTOR AND WHEEL ASSEMBLY.... 21
BLOWER MOTOR RESISTOR BLOCK........ 21
BLOWER MOTOR WHEEL................. 22
COMPRESSOR CLUTCH/COIL.............. 23
COMPRESSOR......................... 23
CONDENSER ASSEMBLY................. 25
DISCHARGE LINE....................... 26
EVAPORATOR PROBE.................... 27
EXPANSION VALVE...................... 28
FILTER-DRIER ASSEMBLY................. 28
HEATER A/C UNIT HOUSING............... 29
HEATER CORE......................... 30
HEATER HOSES........................ 31
LIQUID LINE........................... 32
MODE DOOR ACTUATOR................. 32
RECIRC DOOR ACTUATOR................ 34
SIDE WINDOW DEMISTER DUCTS.......... 33
SUCTION LINE.......................... 33
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY
HEATER A/C UNIT RECONDITION........... 34
NSHEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING 24 - 1