service DODGE RAM 1999 Service Workshop Manual

vacuum reading of 26 in. Hg or more. Close all valves and turn vacuum
pump off. Observe vacuum gauge, go to next step.
2) If A/C system maintains specified vacuum for 5 minutes,
open low-side and high-side valves, restart vacuum pump and operate
for an additional 10 minutes. Close all valves. Turn vacuum pump off
and disconnect pump.
3) If A/C system cannot get to or maintain specified vacuum,
check for a defective vacuum pump or leak in A/C system or gauge set.
See LEAK TESTING. Repair or replace components as necessary.
CHARGING A/C SYSTEM
* PLEASE READ THIS FIRST *
CAUTION: During charging of A/C system, refrigerant container must be
in an upright position. If refrigerant container is
upside down, compressor may be damaged by liquid refrigerant
drawn into A/C system.
CHRYSLER CORP.
Avenger 2.0L & Sebring Coupe 2.0L
1) Ensure A/C system has no leaks and has been evacuated. See
EVACUATING A/C SYSTEM and LEAK TESTING. Locate sight glass on
receiver-drier and ensure it is clean. Close low-pressure adapter
valve and remove from manifold gauge set.
2) Connect low-pressure adapter valve to refrigerant
container and open container valve. Ensure Blue charging hose is
properly connected to vehicle low-pressure service valve. Open adapter
valve.
3) If refrigerant is not drawn in, fully close adapter valve
and check for hose connection leaks. If leak is detected, retighten
connections and repeat A/C system evacuation. See EVACUATING A/C
SYSTEM.
4) If refrigerant is drawn in, start engine. Turn A/C on and
set temperature control to maximum cold and blower motor to low speed.
Operate engine at 1500 RPM. As refrigerant is drawn into system, foam
or bubbles will appear in sight glass.
5) System charge will be close to full when sight glass is
clear, compressor clutch is engaged, and compressor suction and
discharge line temperatures are similar. System charge will be
complete when sight glass is clear, compressor clutch is engaged,
compressor discharge line is warm and suction line is cool.
6) When proper amount of refrigerant has been added, stop
engine. Close refrigerant container and adapter valve, and disconnect
gauge set.
Breeze, Cirrus, Concorde, Intrepid, LHS, Stratus & 300M (Scan
Tool Method)
1) Attach Diagnostic Readout Box (DRB) to Data Link Connecto\
r
(DLC). Set DRB (scan tool) to PARTIAL CHARGE TEST. Attach clamp-on
Thermocouple (80PK-1A) to liquid line, as close to condenser outlet as\
possible.
2) Set parking brake, and place transaxle in Park position.
Start engine and allow to idle. Set A/C controls to outside air, panel
mode, full cool, and high blower speed. Turn A/C on, and open vehicle
windows. Operate A/C system for a few minutes to allow system to
stabilize.
3) Place cardboard over front grille area, to block airflow
through part of condenser, to set A/C system pressure to 260 psi (18.3
kg/cm
). This will stop cooling fans from alternating speeds and
maintain constant pressure.

4) Scan tool will automatically calculate system charge.
Depending on system charge condition, corrections are made 2 ounces at
a time. Each time a correction is made, recheck readings to ensure
proper charge. For system refrigerant capacity, see REFRIGERANT OIL &
REFRIGERANT SPECIFICATIONS article.
Breeze, Cirrus, Concorde, Intrepid, LHS, Stratus & 300M
(Manifold Gauge Set Method)
1) Attach clamp-on Thermocouple (80PK-1A) to liquid line, as\
close to condenser outlet as possible. Attach manifold gauge set to
vehicle.
2) Set parking brake, and place transaxle in Park position.
Start engine and allow to idle. Set A/C controls to outside air, panel
mode, full cool, and high blower speed. Turn A/C on, and open windows.
Operate system for a few minutes to allow system to stabilize.
3) Place cardboard over front grille area, to block airflow
through part of condenser, to set A/C pressure to 260 psi (18.3
kg/cm
). This will stop cooling fans from alternating speeds and
maintain constant pressure.
4) Record temperature reading at liquid line and discharge
pressure reading on gauges. Compare readings with values in
REFRIGERANT CHARGE LEVEL table.
5) Depending on system charge condition, corrections are made
2 ounces at a time. Each time a correction is made, recheck readings
to ensure proper charge. For system refrigerant capacity, see
REFRIGERANT OIL & REFRIGERANT SPECIFICATIONS article.
REFRIGERANT CHARGE LEVEL









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Liquid Line Temp. ( 1) Discharge PressureF (C) psi (kg/cm)
40 (4.4) ........................................... 53-75 (3.7-5.3\
)
60 (15.6) ......................................... 81-104 (5.7-7.3\
)
80 (26.7) ....................................... 111-142 (7.8-10.0\
)
100 (37.8) ..................................... 156-194 (11.0-13.6\
)
120 (48.9) ..................................... 208-259 (14.6-18.2\
)
140 (60.0) ..................................... 272-331 (19.1-23.3\
)
160 (71.1) ..................................... 353-420 (24.8-29.5\
)
180 (82.2) ..................................... 447-516 (31.4-36.3\
)
( 1) - When pressure is lower than specified, system is undercharged.
When pressure is higher than specified, system is overcharged.









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All Other Models
Ensure A/C system has been checked for leaks and evacuated.
See EVACUATING A/C SYSTEM and LEAK TESTING. Charge A/C system to
specifications. For system refrigerant capacity, see REFRIGERANT OIL &
REFRIGERANT SPECIFICATIONS article.
FORD MOTOR CO.
1) If using approved Recovery/Recycling/Charging Center (023-\
00105 or 023-00150), connect to high-side and low-side service valves.
See SERVICE VALVE LOCATIONS under SYSTEM SERVICE VALVES. Operate
charging center according to manufacturer's instructions. Charge
system with specified amount of refrigerant and refrigerant oil. See
REFRIGERANT OIL & REFRIGERANT SPECIFICATIONS article. Check amount of
refrigerant oil in system before adding oil. See COMPRESSOR
REFRIGERANT OIL CHECKING article.
2) If using manifold gauge set, connect to high-side and low-
side service valves. See SERVICE VALVE LOCATIONS under SYSTEM SERVICE

VALVES. Connect 2 hoses with shutoff valves to manifold gauge set
center port. Connect one hose to vacuum pump and other hose to
refrigerant container. Weight of refrigerant container before and
after charging can be used to determine amount of refrigerant drawn
into system. Using vacuum pump, purge air from center hoses.
3) Fully open manifold gauge set low-side valve and
refrigerant container valve to allow refrigerant to enter A/C system.
When no more refrigerant is being drawn into A/C system, start engine
and allow to idle. Select MAX A/C, set blower motor speed to maximum
and allow remaining refrigerant to be drawn into A/C system.
NOTE: When ambient air temperature is high, it may be necessary to
use an external cooling fan to blow air through condenser and
radiator.
4) When proper amount of refrigerant has been added, close
refrigerant container valve. Allow any refrigerant remaining in hose
to be drawn into A/C system. When low-side pressure decreases to about
30 psi (2.1 kg/cm
), close center valve on manifold gauge set. Ensure
A/C system is operating properly. Disconnect manifold gauge set.
Install service port caps. Check system for leaks. See LEAK TESTING.
GENERAL MOTORS
Manufacturer recommends using A/C Refrigerant Recovery,
Recycling And Recharging (ACR4) System (J-39500). The ACR4 system ha\
s
one filtering cycle during recovery plus an automatic multiple pass
filtering during evacuation cycle. Follow manufacturer's instructions
provided with ACR4 equipment being used.
JEEP
Connect recovery/recycling equipment, meeting SAE standard
J1991 or J2210, to vehicle. Charge A/C system to specifications, using
equipment manufacturer's instructions.
LEAK TESTING
TYPES OF LEAK DETECTORS
Bubble Solution Detector
This is a solution applied externally at suspected leak
points. Leaking refrigerant will cause the detector to form bubbles
and foam. A soap and water solution also works well.
Dye Solution
This is a colored solution that may be introduced into the
A/C system. The dye will show up and color components at leak points.
Some manufacturers offer refrigerant containing a Red dye. This dye-
containing refrigerant is installed by normal charging procedures.
Other dye solutions are visible with a Black light only.
Electronic Leak Detector
This instrument will draw in any leaking refrigerant through
a test probe, and then sound an audible signal or create a flashing
light if refrigerant is found. It is the most sensitive of the leak
detectors used. Leak detectors are sensitive to windshield washing
solutions, many solvents and cleaners, and some adhesives. Ensure
surfaces near test areas are clean and dry to prevent false signal or
detector damage. Liquids ingested into detector will damage detector.
See Fig. 24 .

Fig. 24: Electronic Leak Detector
PREPARATION FOR LEAK TESTING
Connect manifold gauge set to air conditioning system. Ensure
low-side and high-side gauge set valves are closed. Check system
pressure. It should be at least 50 psi (3.5 kg/cm
). If system is
empty, evacuate A/C system and apply 28 in. Hg of vacuum. If system
holds vacuum for 15 minutes there most likely are no leaks present. If
low, add just enough refrigerant (about 10 ounces) to bring system to
50 psi (3.5 kg/cm
).
Ensure all joints, connections, and fittings are free of oil
dirt and other contaminants. Using a refrigerant leak detector, check
all refrigerant line connections for leaks. Check condenser and
compressor seal area.
Start engine and allow to idle. Operate A/C system for about
5 minutes. Set A/C controls to outside air, and high blower speed.
Turn A/C on, and open vehicle windows. Turn engine off and wait 2-7
minutes. Refrigerant is heavier than air. Always check for leaks at
bottom of refrigerant lines and components. Refrigerant oil will leak
with refrigerant. Visually check all connections and compressor clutch
area for oil stains. If compressor shaft seal is leaking, a fresh oil
streak will normally be seen on underside of hood, above compressor
clutch.
Always perform leak testing after A/C service. Move
refrigerant leak detector slowly to check for leaks, as leaks will not

AIR B AG R ESTR AIN T S YSTE M
1999 D odge P ic ku p R 1500
1999 AIR BAG RESTRAINT SYSTEMS
DaimlerChrysler Corp.
Dodge: Ram Pickup
DESCRIPTION & OPERATION
* PLEASE READ THIS FIRST *
WARNING: To avoid injury from accidental air bag deployment, read and
carefully follow all WARNINGS and SERVICE PRECAUTIONS.
Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) is designed to work in
conjunction with seat belts. SRS helps to reduce the risk or severity
of serious injury during a front-end collision. Driver-side air bag is
stored in a module in steering wheel hub. All models are equipped with
passenger-side air bags. Passenger-side air bag is stored in the
instrument panel, above glove box. All air bags are covered by a pad
bearing the air bag SRS logo.
Air bag(s) inflate and deflate within 1/10th of a second of
impact sensor switches closing. This creates a cushion of air between
driver and steering wheel and passenger and instrument panel.
System consists of an AIR BAG warning light, clockspring,
driver-side and passenger-side air bag modules, Air Bag Control Module
(ACM), one impact sensor (located inside ACM) and an energy reserve
capacitor. The ACM monitors system, stores fault codes (messages) and
provides information to AIR BAG warning light and Data Link Connector
(DLC). When a malfunction occurs, a fault code is stored and AIR BAG
warning light is activated for more than 12 seconds.
When impact sensor registers sufficient deceleration force
during a front-end collision, an electrical charge is sent from ACM to
air bag module inflator via the clockspring. Inflator actuates and
produces nitrogen gas, which inflates air bag(s).
AIR BAG WARNING LIGHT
Whenever ignition switch is in RUN or START position, AIR BAG
warning light on instrument panel will illuminate for 6-8 seconds and
then turn off. This signifies ACM has checked the system and found
that it is functioning properly. If AIR BAG warning light illuminates
for 12 seconds or more, stays on all the time or does not come on, a
system malfunction exists and trouble code will be stored.
IMPACT SENSOR
All models have one impact sensor located inside ACM. Impact
sensor is an accelerometer that measures deceleration. During a front-
end collision, a signal is sent that completes an electrical circuit
to inflators. Inflators actuate and produce nitrogen gas, which
inflates each air bag. Impact sensor is calibrated for a specific
vehicle and react to severity and direction of vehicle impact.
AIR BAG MODULE
WARNING: DO NOT attempt to disassemble air bag modules. Air bag
modules are not serviceable.
Driver-Side
Air bag module is mounted on front face of steering wheel. A

protective cover is fitted to front of air bag module bearing the SRS
air bag logo. Air bag module contains air bag cushion, inflator and
supporting components. Air bag module is a sealed unit and is not
serviceable. The module inflator assembly produces nitrogen gas to
fill air bag cushion when a small amount of current from ACM is
applied to the ignitor assembly. Gas pressure builds and discharges
from inflator through a diffuser and screen assembly, forcing steering
wheel cover to burst along its seams until air bag is fully inflated.
Once air bag cushion is fully inflated, gas escapes from bag through
vents, away from driver.
Passenger-Side
Air bag module is mounted to instrument panel mounting
bracket. Module is covered by a protective door bearing the SRS air
bag logo. When supplied an electrical signal, inflator will discharge
argon gas directly into air bag. When air bag inflates, protective
door will pivot aside allowing air bag to deploy.
AIR BAG CONTROL MODULE (ACM)
ACM is located under instrument panel, on transmission
tunnel. Impact sensor, energy reserve capacitor and On-Board
Diagnostics (OBD) are an integral part of ACM. ACM monitors critical
input and output circuits within air bag system, ensuring they are
operating correctly. Some circuits are tested continuously; others are
checked only under certain conditions. ACM provides information about
air bag system through AIR BAG warning light and Data Link Connector
(DLC). When diagnostic trouble code (fault message) is stored, AIR B\
AG
warning light will be activated for 12 seconds or more.
DATA LINK CONNECTOR (DLC)
DLC is located under left side of instrument panel, left of
steering column. DLC is used to access SRS on-board diagnostics.
CLOCKSPRING
Clockspring connects air bag module to steering column
wiring, completing air bag system circuit. See Fig. 1. Inside
clockspring is a flat, ribbon-like tape of conductive material, which
winds and unwinds with steering wheel movement. Clockspring is the
most fragile part of air bag system. Clockspring must be centered
properly to allow 1 1/2 steering wheel turns in either direction. If
clockspring is not centered properly, it can break from stretching or
fatigue.
Fig. 1: Identifying Clockspring Assembly
Courtesy of DaimlerChrysler Corp.

PASSENGER AIR BAG DISARM (PAD) SWITCH
PAD switch is mounted on instrument panel. Switch allows
passenger-side airbag module to be disarmed when rear facing child
safety seat is being used. PAD switch is operated with ignition key.
SYSTEM OPERATION CHECK
Turn ignition on and observe AIR BAG warning light. AIR BAG
warning light should illuminate for 6-8 seconds and then go out,
indicating system is functioning properly. If AIR BAG warning light
either fails to illuminate or illuminates continuously, a system
malfunction exists. Perform self-diagnostics. See DIAGNOSIS & TESTING.
After completing necessary repairs, turn ignition switch to
ON position. Ensure no one is inside vehicle, then connect negative
battery cable. Using DRB, erase stored Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC).\
See DIAGNOSIS & TESTING .
SERVICE PRECAUTIONS
These precautions should be observed when working with air
bag systems:
* Disable air bag system before servicing any air bag system
or steering column component. Failure to do this could
result in accidental air bag deployment and possible
personal injury. See DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM .
* Back-up power supply maintains deployment voltage for about
2 minutes after battery is disconnected. When disabling air
bag system, always wait at least 2 minutes after
disconnecting battery cables to resume procedure.
* After repairs, ensure AIR BAG warning light works
properly and no system faults are indicated. See
SYSTEM OPERATION CHECK .
* Always wear safety glasses when servicing or handling an
air bag.
* All SRS component fasteners are specially coated and are
designed with a specific function. Never replace SRS
component fasteners with other than original equipment parts.
* Air bag module must be stored in its original special
container until used for service. It must be stored in a
clean, dry, place, away from sources of extreme heat, sparks
and high electrical energy.
* When placing a live air bag on a bench or other surface,
always face air bag and trim cover up, away from surface.
This will reduce motion of module if accidentally deployed.
* After deployment, air bag surface may contain deposits of
sodium hydroxide, which irritates skin. Always wear safety
glasses, rubber gloves, and long-sleeved shirt during
clean-up and wash hands using mild soap and water. Follow
correct disposal procedures. See DISPOSAL PROCEDURES.
* Because of critical system operating requirements, DO NOT
attempt to service any air bag components. Corrections are
only made by replacing defective part.
* Electrical sources should never be allowed near inflator on
back of air bag module.
* When carrying a live air bag module, trim cover should be
pointed away from your body to minimize injury in case of
deployment.
* When testing voltage or continuity at Air Bag Control Module

WARNING: Vehicle interior will contain sodium hydroxide powder, a
by-product of air bag deployment. Since this powder can
irritate skin, eyes, nose, or throat, be sure to wear
safety glasses, rubber gloves and long-sleeved shirt
during clean-up.
1) Begin clean-up by putting tape over air bag exhaust vent,
so no additional powder will escape into vehicle interior. Remove air
bag modules. Use a vacuum cleaner to remove any residual powder from
vehicle interior. To avoid kneeling or sitting on a non-cleaned area,
clean from outside vehicle and work your way inside.
2) Remove any residual powder from A/C-heater outlets. Turn
blower motor to low for a few minutes and exit vehicle. Turn blower
off. Vacuum any additional powder expelled from plenum. Vacuum
interior a second time to recover all powder.
DEPLOYED AIR BAG
Dispose of deployed air bag module as any other part. No
special disposal procedure is required.
UNDEPLOYED AIR BAG
NOTE: Information on passenger-side air bag deployment is not
available from manufacturer.
Procedure 1: In-Vehicle Deployment (Driver-Side Air Bag)
1) Use this procedure if scrapping a vehicle with an
undeployed air bag. This procedure assumes that air bag wiring is
intact.
2) Disconnect and shield negative battery cable. Disconnect
2-pin clockspring at base of steering column. Cut 2-pin clockspring
connector of at clockspring side of harness.
3) Strip 1" (25 mm) of insulation from wire ends. Make a
harness consisting of 2 wires 20 feet or longer. Connect 20-foot wires
to clockspring harness. Ensure there are no loose parts in passenger
compartment and no one is within 20 feet of vehicle.
4) Staying at least 20 feet away from vehicle, connect other
2 ends of 20 foot wires to terminals of a 12-volt battery. When
deployment is achieved, loud bang will be heard and air bag will
inflate. After air bag module deploys, let module cool and dust settle
before approaching. If air bag fails to deploy, go to PROCEDURE 2.
Procedure 2: Remote Deployment (Driver-Side Air Bag)
1) Use this procedure if scrapping a vehicle with a live air
bag, but a problem in electrical system prevent deployment with air
bag still installed in vehicle. Also use this procedure if PROCEDURE 1
was unsuccessful.
WARNING: Perform remote deployment outdoors. Never attempt to deploy
air bag module inside a building, within 20 feet of
personnel, or with air bag trim cover face down.
2) Before proceeding, see SERVICE PRECAUTIONS. Disable air
bag system. See DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM . Remove air bag
module. See DRIVER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE under REMOVAL & INSTALLATION.
3) cut pigtail wiring harness between clockspring and air bag
as close to clockspring housing as possible. Reconnect other end of
pigtail harness back into air bag module.
4) Strip 1" (25 mm) of insulation from cut ends of harness.
Place air bag module face (trim cover) up. Connect two 20-foot wires
to end of harness wires. Move 20 feet away. Connect other end of 200-

foot wires to terminals of a 12-volt battery. After air bag module
deploys, let module cool off and allow dust to settle before
approaching.
POST-COLLISION INSPECTION
When a vehicle has been involved in a collision, certain
components of the passive restraint system must be inspected or
replaced. See PASSIVE RESTRAINT SYSTEM INSPECTION article in the
GENERAL INFORMATION section for post-collision inspection information.
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION
* PLEASE READ THIS FIRST *
WARNING: Failure to follow air bag service precautions may
result in air bag deployment and personal injury. See
SERVICE PRECAUTIONS . After component replacement,
ensure proper system operation. See SYSTEM OPERATION CHECK.
CAUTION: When battery is disconnected, vehicle computer and memory
systems may lose memory data. Driveability problems may
exist until computer systems have completed a relearn cycle.
See COMPUTER RELEARN PROCEDURES in GENERAL INFORMATION
before disconnecting battery.
AIR BAG CONTROL MODULE (ACM)
WARNING: ACM contains impact sensor, which enables SRS to activate air
bag. To avoid accidental air bag deployment, DO NOT connect
ACM electrically to system unless it is bolted to vehicle.
Removal
1) Before proceeding, see SERVICE PRECAUTIONS. Disable air
bag system. See DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM . Remove bottom
of center console (ACM trim cover).
2) On M/T models, remove center console from floor panel
transmission tunnel. On A/T models, remove screws securing trim cover
to ACM mounting bracket. See Fig. 2. Pull top of trim cover rearward
to release snap clips from instrument panel support bracket.
3) On all models, loosen but do not remove screws on sides
that secure instrument panel support bracket to ACM mounting bracket.
See Fig. 3 .
4) Remove nuts securing support bracket to studs on lower
instrument panel. Disconnect wire harness retainer from hole in
support bracket. Pull top of support bracket away from instrument
panel studs and fold down over ACM until it is laying on floor panel.
Unplug wire harness connector from ACM.
CAUTION: Always replace ACM and ACM mounting bracket as an assembly.
Replacement ACM includes a NEW mounting bracket. DO NOT mount
NEW ACM to old mounting bracket.
5) Remove screws securing mounting bracket to floor panel
transmission tunnel. Remove ACM, mounting bracket and support bracket
as a unit from floor panel.
Installation
To complete installation, reverse removal procedure. Install
ACM with arrow pointing toward front of vehicle. Connect ACM
connectors, ensuring connectors are locked into position. Tighten ACM

CAUTION: When removing a deployed air bag, wear eye protection, rubber
gloves and a long-sleeve shirt. Powder residue from air bag
deployment may irritate skin and eyes.
CAUTION: Before removing steering wheel, position front wheels in
straight-ahead position and lock steering column by removing
ignition key. Failure to do so could damage clockspring or
cause clockspring to be off-centered. DO NOT hammer on
steering wheel during removal, or collapsible column could be
damaged.
Removal
1) Before proceeding, see SERVICE PRECAUTIONS. Disable air
bag system. See DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM . Air bag module
is mounted on face of steering wheel. Ensure wheels are pointed
straight-ahead and steering wheel is locked.
2) Remove air bag module-to-steering wheel screws from back
side of steering wheel. Lift air bag module and disconnect electrical
connectors from rear of module.
Installation
Connect air bag, cruise control and horn harness connectors
to rear of air bag module. Secure module to steering wheel. Tighten
air bag module-to-steering wheel screws to specification. See
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS . DO NOT connect negative battery cable at this
time. Go to SYSTEM OPERATION CHECK .
PASSENGER-SIDE AIR BAG MODULE
Removal
1) Before proceeding, see SERVICE PRECAUTIONS. Disable air
bag system. See DISABLING & ACTIVATING AIR BAG SYSTEM .
2) Open glove box. Holding glove box door, push center of
glove box bin towards front of vehicle. Flex glove box bin far enough
so glove box stops will clear sides of instrument panel opening. Roll
glove box down until stop bumpers are beyond sides of instrument panel
opening. Release bin. Lift bottom of glove box upward to disengage
hinge hooks form hinge pins.
3) Remove 3 screws securing instrument panel glove box
opening upper trim strip to instrument panel glove box opening upper
reinforcement, then remove trim strip. Remove 4 screws that secure 2
plastic support brackets of passenger-side air bag door panel outlet
housing to glove box opening upper reinforcement.
4) Reach through and above glove box opening to access and
disconnect air bag module harness connector. Remove 2 screws securing
passenger-side air bag module front bracket to instrument panel
structural support. Remove 3 screws securing passenger-side air bag
module rear bracket to glove box opening upper reinforcement.
5) Using trim stick, gently pry passenger-side air bag door
(starting at lower left edge) away from instrument panel top cover.
Remove air bag module, air bag door and panel outlet housing and
barrel assembly from instrument panel as a unit.
Installation
To install, reverse removal procedure. Ensure air bag door is
securely attached to instrument panel. Ensure air bag harness
connector latches fully engaged. DO NOT connect negative battery cable
at this time. Go to SYSTEM OPERATION CHECK .
CLOCKSPRING
CAUTION: Failure to position wheels in the straight-ahead position
with steering wheel locked when removing steering wheel could