engine FORD EXPEDITION 2020 Workshop Manual

EMISSION LAW
WARNING: Do not remove or alter
the original equipment floor covering or
insulation between it and the metal floor
of the vehicle. The floor covering and
insulation protect occupants of the
vehicle from the engine and exhaust
system heat and noise. On vehicles with
no original equipment floor covering
insulation, do not carry passengers in a
manner that permits prolonged skin
contact with the metal floor. Failure to
follow these instructions may result in
fire or personal injury.
U.S. federal laws and certain state laws
prohibit removing or rendering inoperative
emission control system components.
Similar federal or provincial laws may
apply in Canada. We do not approve of any
vehicle modification without first
determining applicable laws. Tampering with emissions
control systems including
related sensors or the Diesel
Exhaust Fluid system can result in reduced
engine power and the illumination of the
service engine soon light. Tampering With a Noise Control
System
Federal laws prohibit the following acts:
•
Removal or rendering inoperative by
any person other than for purposes of
maintenance.
• Repair or replacement of any device or
element of the design incorporated into
a new vehicle for the purpose of noise
control prior to its sale or delivery to
the ultimate purchaser or while it is in
use.
• The use of the vehicle after any person
removes or renders inoperative any
device or element of the design.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
may presume to constitute tampering as
follows:
• Removal of hood blanket, fender apron
absorbers, fender apron barriers,
underbody noise shields or acoustically
absorptive material.
• Tampering or rendering inoperative the
engine speed governor, to allow engine
speed to exceed manufacturer
specifications.
If the engine does not start, runs rough,
experiences a decrease in engine
performance, experiences excess fuel
consumption or produces excessive
exhaust smoke, check for the following:
• A plugged or disconnected air inlet
system hose.
• A plugged engine air filter element.
• Water in the fuel filter and water
separator.
• A clogged fuel filter.
• Contaminated fuel.
• Air in the fuel system, due to loose
connections.
• An open or pinched sensor hose.
• Incorrect engine oil level.
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•
Incorrect fuel for climatic conditions.
• Incorrect engine oil viscosity for
climactic conditions.
Note: Some vehicles have a lifetime fuel
filter that is integrated with the fuel tank.
Regular maintenance or replacement is not
needed.
Note: If these checks do not help you
correct the concern, have your vehicle
checked as soon as possible.
Noise Emissions Warranty,
Prohibited Tampering Acts and
Maintenance
On January 1, 1978, Federal regulation
became effective governing the noise
emission on trucks over 10,000 lb
(4,536 kg) Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
(GVWR). The preceding statements
concerning prohibited tampering acts and
maintenance, and the noise warranty
found in the Warranty Guide, are
applicable to complete chassis cabs over
10,000 lb (4,536 kg)
GVWR.
CATALYTIC CONVERTER WARNING:
Do not park, idle or
drive your vehicle on dry grass or other
dry ground cover. The emission system
heats up the engine compartment and
exhaust system, creating the risk of fire. WARNING:
The normal operating
temperature of the exhaust system is
very high. Never work around or attempt
to repair any part of the exhaust system
until it has cooled. Use special care when
working around the catalytic converter.
The catalytic converter heats up to a very
high temperature after only a short
period of engine operation and stays hot
after the engine is switched off. WARNING:
Exhaust leaks may
result in entry of harmful and potentially
lethal fumes into the passenger
compartment. If you smell exhaust
fumes inside your vehicle, have your
vehicle inspected immediately. Do not
drive if you smell exhaust fumes.
Your vehicle has various emission control
components and a catalytic converter that
enables it to comply with applicable
exhaust emission standards.
To make sure that the catalytic converter
and other emission control components
continue to work properly:
• Do not crank the engine for more than
10 seconds at a time.
• Do not run the engine with a spark plug
lead disconnected.
• Do not push-start or tow-start your
vehicle. Use booster cables. See Jump
Starting the Vehicle
(page 304).
• Use only the specified fuel listed.
• Do not switch the ignition off when your
vehicle is moving.
• Avoid running out of fuel.
• Have the items listed in scheduled
maintenance information performed
according to the specified schedule.
Note: Resulting component damage may
not be covered by the vehicle Warranty.
The scheduled maintenance items listed
in scheduled maintenance information are
essential to the life and performance of
your vehicle and to its emissions system.
If you use anything other than Ford,
Motorcraft or Ford-authorized parts for
maintenance replacements or for service
of components affecting emission control,
such non-Ford parts should be equivalent
to genuine Ford Motor Company parts in
performance and durability.
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Illumination of the service engine soon
indicator, charging system warning light or
the temperature warning light, fluid leaks,
strange odors, smoke or loss of engine
power could indicate that the emission
control system is not working properly.
An improperly operating or damaged
exhaust system may allow exhaust to
enter the vehicle. Have a damaged or
improperly operating exhaust system
inspected and repaired immediately.
Do not make any unauthorized changes to
your vehicle or engine. By law, vehicle
owners and anyone who manufactures,
repairs, services, sells, leases, trades
vehicles, or supervises a fleet of vehicles
are not permitted to intentionally remove
an emission control device or prevent it
from working. Information about your
vehicle
’s emission system is on the Vehicle
Emission Control Information Decal
located on or near the engine. This decal
also lists engine displacement.
Please consult your warranty information
for complete details.
On-Board Diagnostics (OBD-II)
Your vehicle has a computer known as the
on-board diagnostics system (OBD-II) that
monitors the engine ’s emission control
system. The system protects the
environment by making sure that your
vehicle continues to meet government
emission standards. The OBD-II system
also assists a service technician in properly
servicing your vehicle. When the service engine soon
indicator illuminates, the OBD-II
system has detected a
malfunction. Temporary malfunctions may
cause the service engine soon indicator to
illuminate. Examples are: 1. Your vehicle has run out of fuel
—the
engine may misfire or run poorly.
2. Poor fuel quality or water in the fuel —the engine may misfire or run
poorly.
3. The fuel fill inlet may not have closed properly. See Refueling (page 185).
4. Driving through deep water —the
electrical system may be wet.
You can correct these temporary
malfunctions by filling the fuel tank with
good quality fuel, properly closing the fuel
fill inlet or letting the electrical system dry
out. After three driving cycles without these
or any other temporary malfunctions
present, the service engine soon indicator
should stay off the next time you start the
engine. A driving cycle consists of a cold
engine startup followed by mixed city and
highway driving. No additional vehicle
service is required.
If the service engine soon indicator remains
on, have your vehicle serviced at the first
available opportunity. Although some
malfunctions detected by the OBD-II may
not have symptoms that are apparent,
continued driving with the service engine
soon indicator on can result in increased
emissions, lower fuel economy, reduced
engine and transmission smoothness and
lead to more costly repairs.
Readiness for Inspection and
Maintenance (I/M) Testing
Some state and provincial and local
governments may have
Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) programs
to inspect the emission control equipment
on your vehicle. Failure to pass this
inspection could prevent you from getting
a vehicle registration. If the service engine soon
indicator is on or the bulb does
not work, your vehicle may need
service. See On-Board Diagnostics.
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Your vehicle may not pass the I/M test if
the service engine soon indicator is on or
not working properly (bulb is burned out),
or if the OBD-II system has determined
that some of the emission control systems
have not been properly checked. In this
case, the vehicle is not ready for I/M
testing.
If the vehicle
’s engine or transmission has
just been serviced, or the battery has
recently run down or been replaced, the
OBD-II system may indicate that the
vehicle is not ready for I/M testing. To
determine if the vehicle is ready for I/M
testing, turn the ignition key to the on
position for 15 seconds without cranking
the engine. If the service engine soon
indicator blinks eight times, it means that
the vehicle is not ready for I/M testing; if
the service engine soon indicator stays on
solid, it means that your vehicle is ready
for I/M testing.
The OBD-II system checks the emission
control system during normal driving. A
complete check may take several days.
If the vehicle is not ready for I/M testing,
you can perform the following driving cycle
consisting of mixed city and highway
driving:
1. 15 minutes of steady driving on an expressway or highway followed by 20
minutes of stop-and-go driving with at
least four 30-second idle periods.
2. Allow your vehicle to sit for at least eight hours with the ignition off. Then,
start the vehicle and complete the
above driving cycle. The vehicle must
warm up to its normal operating
temperature. Once started, do not turn
off the vehicle until the above driving
cycle is complete.
If the vehicle is still not ready for I/M
testing, you need to repeat the above
driving cycle.
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Stay in Neutral Mode - Console Shifter
This mode allows your vehicle to stay in
neutral when you exit your vehicle.
Extended usage of Stay in Neutral mode
could result in a battery voltage reduction
to a level where the vehicle may no longer
start. Keep your vehicle stationary to enter
this mode.
Note:
Stay in Neutral mode is a temporary
vehicle state with the ignition off. Once in
this mode, maintain sufficient battery
voltage or your vehicle returns to park. Do
not tow your vehicle in this mode.
Note: Always put your vehicle in Stay in
Neutral mode if you want your vehicle to
stay in neutral when you exit or switch off
your vehicle.
Note: Do not use this feature for towing
your vehicle. WARNING: When doing this
procedure, you need to take the
transmission out of park (P) which
means your vehicle can roll freely. To
avoid unwanted vehicle movement,
always fully apply the parking brake prior
to doing this procedure. Use wheels
chocks if appropriate. To enter Stay in Neutral mode:
•
Move the transmission selector to
neutral (N).
• A message appears in your information
display screen prompting you to press
the manual (M) button.
• Press the manual (M) button again to
enter Stay in Neutral mode.
•You can complete this step as long
as the message prompts you to
remain in neutral (N).
• A confirmation message appears
in the information display when
your vehicle has entered Stay in
Neutral mode.
To exit Stay in Neutral mode, apply the
brake and select a different gear. See
Putting your vehicle in or out of gear for
more information.
Stay in Neutral Mode - Console Shifter -
No Start
Use this feature to move your transmission
from the park (P) position in the event of
a no start situation. If your vehicle has a
dead battery, it requires an external power
source. Do not tow your vehicle in this
mode.
Note: This feature only functions if your 12
volt battery has power and the starter can
spin the engine. If vehicle battery voltage is
not sufficient, it could need an external 12
volt power source, for example, jumper
cables, battery charger or jump pack, for this
feature to function.
Note: Once in this mode, maintain sufficient
battery voltage or your vehicle returns to
park.
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The tow/haul feature:
•
Moves upshifts to higher engine speeds
to reduce the frequency of
transmission shifting.
• Provides engine braking in all forward
gears, which slows your vehicle and
assists you in controlling your vehicle
when descending a slope.
• Depending on driving conditions and
load conditions, may downshift the
transmission, and slow your vehicle to
help control your vehicle speed when
descending a hill. The amount of
downshift braking provided varies
based upon the amount you press the
brake pedal.
The tow haul feature improves
transmission operation when towing a
trailer or a heavy load.
To deactivate the tow haul feature for
column shifter and return to normal driving
mode, press the button on the gearshift
lever twice. The indicator light deactivates
when the system turns off. Tow haul mode
also deactivates when you power down
your vehicle.
To deactivate the tow haul feature for
vehicles with console shifter, cycle through
the available drive modes with the drive
modes button or rotary dial to select an
alternate mode. See Drive Control (page
261). The indicator light deactivates when
the system turns off.
SelectShift™ Automatic
Transmission
Your vehicle has a SelectShift Automatic
transmission. The SelectShift Automatic
transmission gives you the ability to
change gears up or down without a clutch
as desired. To prevent the engine from running at too
low of an RPM, which may cause it to stall,
SelectShift still makes some downshifts
if it determines that you have not
downshifted in time. Although SelectShift
makes some downshifts for you, it still
allows you to downshift at any time as long
as the SelectShift determines that damage
to the engine does not occur from
over-revving.
Note:
Engine damage could occur if you
maintain excessive engine revving without
shifting. The SelectShift Automatic transmission
feature has two modes: Progressive Range
Selection (PRS) and M mode.
Progressive Range Selection - PRS
Progressive Range Selection gives you the
ability to lockout gears from the automatic
shifting range. This may provide you with
an improved driving experience, for
example, in slippery conditions or when
experiencing a steep slope.
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With the transmission selector in drive (D),
push the – button to active PRS. The
available and selected gears show on the
instrument cluster.
All available gears display with the current
gear indicated. Push the – button again to
lock out gears beginning with the highest
gear. For example, push the – button twice
to lock out 10th and 9th gears. Only the
available gears display and the
transmission automatically shifts between
the available gears. Push the + button to
unlock gears and allow the transmission
to shift to higher gears. The transmission
shifts automatically within the gear range
you select.
Manual (M)
Pushing the manual (M) button on the
selector allows you to manually select the
gear you desire or by moving the shifter
column to the manual (M) position. Only
the current gear displays. Use the buttons
on the transmission selector to manually
select gears. Push the + button to upshift
or the – button to downshift. Once in
manual mode, press manual (M) again to
deactivate manual control, or place the
column in the preferred position.
SelectShift does not automatically upshift,
even if the engine is approaching the RPM
limit. Shift it manually by pushing the +
button.
Brake-Shift Interlock (Console
Shifter Only)
WARNING: When doing this
procedure, you need to take the
transmission out of park (P) which
means your vehicle can roll freely. To
avoid unwanted vehicle movement,
always fully apply the parking brake prior
to doing this procedure. Use wheels
chocks if appropriate. WARNING:
If the parking brake is
fully released, but the brake warning
lamp remains illuminated, the brakes
may not be working properly. Have your
vehicle checked as soon as possible.
Note: Do not drive your vehicle until you
verify that the brake lamps are working.
Note: See your authorized dealer as soon
as possible if you use this procedure.
Note: For some markets, this feature
disables.
Your vehicle comes with a brake-shift
interlock feature that prevents moving the
transmission from park (P) when the
ignition is in the on position and you have
not pressed the brake pedal.
If you cannot move the selector out of park
(P) with the ignition in the on position and
the brake pedal pressed, a malfunction
may have occurred. It is possible that a
fuse has blown, or your vehicle ’s brake
lamps are not operating properly. See Fuse
Specification Chart
(page 315).
If the fuse has not blown and the brake
lamps are working properly, the following
procedure allows you to move the gearshift
lever from park (P):
1. Apply the parking brake and start the engine before performing this
procedure.
2. Locate your brake-shift interlock access slot. The slot is in your center
console storage bin. The access slot
does not have a label.
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3.
Insert a screwdriver into the slot, press
in and hold the brake shift interlock
switch, inside the slot on the console.
4. With the override switch still held, put the transmission selector in neutral
(N).
5. Release the override button.
6. You can shift into gear and drive the vehicle.
7. Release the parking brake.
Automatic Transmission Adaptive
Learning
This feature may increase durability and
provide consistent shift feel over the life
of your vehicle. A new vehicle or
transmission may have firm shifts, soft
shifts or both. This operation is normal and
does not affect function or durability of the
transmission. Over time, the adaptive
learning process fully updates transmission
operation. If Your Vehicle Gets Stuck in Mud
or Snow
Note:
Do not rock your vehicle if the engine
is not at normal operating temperature or
damage to the transmission could occur.
Note: Do not rock your vehicle for more
than a minute or damage to the
transmission and tires could occur, or the
engine could overheat.
If your vehicle gets stuck in mud or snow,
you may rock it out by shifting between
forward and reverse gears, stopping
between shifts in a steady pattern. Press
lightly on the accelerator in each gear.
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USING FOUR-WHEEL DRIVE
Note:
For important information regarding
safe operation of this type of vehicle, see
General Information in the Wheels and Tires
chapter.
Note: Do not use 4H or 4L mode on dry,
hard surfaced roads. Doing so can produce
excessive noise, increase tire wear and may
damage drive components. 4H and 4L mode
is only intended for consistently slippery or
loose surfaces. Use of 4L mode on these
surfaces may produce some noise, such as
occasional clunks, but does not damage
drive components.
Note: If 4L mode is selected when your
vehicle is moving above 3 mph (5 km/h),
the 4WD system does not perform a shift.
This is normal and should be no reason for
concern. Refer to Shifting to or from 4L for
proper operation.
4X4 Indicator Lights
4X2 Momentarily illuminates when
2H is selected.
4X4 AUTO Continuously illuminates when
4A is selected.
4X4 HIGH Continuously illuminates when
4H is selected.
4X4 LOW Continuously illuminates when
4L is selected. CHECK 4X4 Displays when a 4X4 system
fault is present.
Note: When a 4X4 system fault is present,
the system typically remains in whichever
4WD mode was selected prior to the fault
condition occurring. It does not default to
4X2 in all circumstances. When this warning
is displayed, have your vehicle serviced by
an authorized dealer.
4WD Switch Selections WARNING:
Vehicles with a higher
center of gravity (utility and four-wheel
drive vehicles) handle differently than
vehicles with a lower center of gravity
(passenger cars). Avoid sharp turns,
excessive speed and abrupt steering in
these vehicles. Failure to drive cautiously
increases the risk of losing control of your
vehicle, vehicle rollover, personal injury
and death.
Note: If your vehicle is equipped with
AdvanceTrac® with RSC®, the system
automatically turns off the stability
enhancement feature when you shift the
4WD system into 4L - 4X4 LOW. You can
manually turn the system off by pressing
the AdvanceTrac button. See
Using
Traction Control (page 213). This turns off
the engine management feature, allowing
the vehicle to maintain full power and
enhanced momentum through the obstacle.
The brake traction enhancement feature is
still turned on.
Note: The AdvanceTrac system has the
ability to take over control of the transfer
case clutch and disable it during driving
maneuvers when necessary.
Note: 4WD mode availability is based on
Drive Mode selection.
See Drive Control
(page 261).
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It may be less risky to strike small objects,
such as freeway reflectors, with minor
damage to your vehicle rather than
attempt a sudden return to the road which
could cause your vehicle to slide sideways
out of control or roll over. Remember, your
safety and the safety of others should be
your primary concern.
Emergency Maneuvers
In an unavoidable emergency situation
where a sudden sharp turn must be made,
remember to avoid over-driving your
vehicle, for example, turn the steering
wheel only as rapidly and as far as required
to avoid the emergency. Excessive steering
can result in loss of vehicle control. Apply
smooth pressure to the accelerator pedal
or brake pedal when changes in vehicle
speed are required. Avoid abrupt steering,
acceleration and braking. This could result
in an increased risk of vehicle roll over, loss
of vehicle control and personal injury. Use
all available road surface to bring your
vehicle to a safe direction of travel.
In the event of an emergency stop, avoid
skidding the tires and do not attempt any
sharp steering wheel movements.
If your vehicle goes from one type of
surface to another, for example, from
concrete to gravel, there is a change in the
way your vehicle responds to a maneuver,
for example, steering, acceleration or
braking.
Sand
When driving over sand, try to keep all four
wheels on the most solid area of the trail.
Avoid reducing the tire pressures but shift
to a lower gear and drive steadily through
the terrain. Apply the accelerator slowly
and avoid excessive wheel slip.
When driving at slow speeds in deep sand
under high outside temperatures, use a low
gear when possible. Low gear operation
maximizes the engine and transmission
cooling capability.
Avoid driving at excessive speeds, this
causes vehicle momentum to work against
you and your vehicle could become stuck
to the point that assistance may be
required from another vehicle. Remember,
you may be able to back out the way you
came if you proceed with caution.
Mud and Water
Mud
Be cautious of sudden changes in vehicle
speed or direction when you are driving in
mud. Even four-wheel drive vehicles can
lose traction in slick mud. If your vehicle
does slide, steer in the direction of the slide
until you regain control of your vehicle.
After driving through mud, clean off residue
stuck to rotating driveshafts and tires.
Excess mud stuck on tires and rotating
driveshafts can cause an imbalance that
could damage drive components.
Water
If you must drive through high water, drive
slowly. Traction or brake capability may
be limited.
When driving through water, determine the
depth and avoid water higher than the
bottom of the hubs. If the ignition system
gets wet, your vehicle may stall.
Once through water, always try the brakes.
Wet brakes do not stop your vehicle as
effectively as dry brakes. Drying improves
by applying light pressure to the brake
pedal when slowly moving.
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