cool FORD FESTIVA 1991 Owners Manual
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Fig. 3: Cross
-Sectional View of Thermostatic Expansion Valve
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
ADJUSTMENTS
TEMPERATURE CONTROL CABLE
Temperature control cable is located at left base of evaporator housing. See Fig. 4
. Release cable retaining clip. Position temperature control
knob in maximum cool position. While holding thermostat cable in maximum cool position, secure cable casing using retaining clip.
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tube from evaporator core fins while removing thermostatic switch. To install, reverse removal procedure. Evacuate and recharge system.
THERMOSTATIC EXPANSION VALVE
Removal & Installation
1. Discharge A/C system using approved refrigerant recovery/recycling equipment. Remove evaporator housing. See EVAPORATOR
HOUSING under REMOVAL & INSTALLATION. Remove air inlet duct. See Fig. 1 .
2. Remove insulation from sensing bulb. Disconnect thermostatic expansion valve at evaporator tube fitting and inlet tube fitting (from
receiver-drier). See Fig. 3
. Remove thermostatic expansion valve. To install, reverse removal procedure. Use new "O" rings. Evacuate
and recharge system.
A/C RELAYS
Removal & Installation
A/C relays are located in left front corner of engine compartment, near battery. Unclip relay holder from its mounting bracket. Disconnect
relay wiring. DO NOT pull on wiring connector to remove relay from holder. Remove relay from holder. To install, reverse removal procedure.
A/C-HEATER CONTROL ASSEMBLY
Removal & Installation
1. A/C control module is located above radio. Remove accessory bezel. Remove radio (if necessary) and glove box. Disconnect
recirculated/fresh air cable from door lever. See Fig. 5
. Disconnect mode select cable from door lever. See Fig. 6 .
2. Disconnect temperature control cable from door lever. See Fig. 4
. Pull control assembly away from dash, and disconnect wiring
connectors. Remove control assembly.
3. To install, reverse removal procedure. Check and adjust temperature control, recirculated/fresh air and mode cables. See
ADJUSTMENTS. Test control assembly operation.
BLOWER MOTOR
Removal & Installation
Disconnect negative battery cable. Remove A/C air outlet duct located below steering column. See Fig. 2 . Disconnect blower motor wiring.
Remove blower motor attaching screws and blower motor. Remove blower wheel attaching nut. Remove blower wheel and washer. To install,
reverse removal procedure.
BLOWER MOTOR RESISTOR
Removal & Installation
Disconnect negative battery cable. Remove air duct located below steering column. See Fig. 2 . Disconnect blower motor resistor wiring.
Remove blower resistor attaching screws and resistor. To install, reverse removal procedure.
AIR DISTRIBUTION PLENUM
Removal & Installation
1. Remove instrument panel. See INSTRUMENT PANEL under REMOVAL & INSTALLATION. Drain cooling system. Disconnect
heater hoses in engine compartment. Disconnect wiring for blower motor and blower resistor. Disengage wiring harness and antenna
lead from bracket on front of air distribution housing.
2. Loosen connector duct-to-air inlet clamp screw. Remove upper and lower mounting nuts from plenum. Disengage and remove plenum
from defroster ducts. To install, reverse removal procedure. Refill cooling system, and check for leaks.
HEATER CORE
Removal & Installation
1. Remove air distribution plenum. See AIR DISTRIBUTION PLENUM under REMOVAL & INSTALLATION. Disconnect linkage
connecting defroster doors. Remove attaching screw located near blower resistor. Turn housing around and remove attaching screw
located near blower motor opening.
2. Remove clips retaining blower housing halves. Separate blower housing halves. Remove heater core. Remove tube insert from heater
core. To install, reverse removal procedure. Test system for proper operation.
INSTRUMENT PANEL
Removal & Installation
1. Disconnect negative battery cable. Remove steering wheel, steering column covers and multifunction switch assembly. Disconnect
electrical connectors from switches on instrument panel. Remove instrument cluster hood.
2. Disconnect speedometer cable from transmission. Remove 4 instrument cluster screws. Pull instrument cluster out from instrument
panel cluster enough to disconnect wiring and speedometer cable. Remove instrument cluster.
3. Remove steering column shield. Remove shield bracket. Remove glove box. Remove fuse panel cover and 4 fuse panel screws. Pull fu se
panel out, but DO NOT remove. Remove shift lever console and mount brackets. CAUTION: DO NOT rem ove screw in front of blower resistor, or blower resistor m ounting plate will fall into air
distribution plenum . T o retrieve plate, disassem ble instrum ent panel.
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Page 366 of 454

Driven More Than 10 Miles Daily
No Operating Conditions From Severe Service Schedule
CAMSHAFT TIMING BELT
The condition of camshaft drive belts should always be checked on vehicles which have more than 50,000 miles. Although some
manufacturers do not recommend belt replacement at a specified mileage, others require it at 60,000-100,000 miles. A camshaft drive belt
failure may cause extensive damage to internal engine components on most engines, although some designs do not allow piston-to-va l ve
contact. These designs are often called "Free Wheeling".
Many manufacturers changed their maintenance and warranty schedules in the mid-1980's to reflect timing belt inspection and/or replacement
at 50,000-60,000 miles. Most service interval schedules in this manual reflect these changes.
Belts or components should be inspected and replaced if any of the following conditions exist:
Cracks Or Tears In Belt Surface
Missing, Damaged, Cracked Or Rounded Teeth
Oil Contamination
Damaged Or Faulty Tensioners
Incorrect Tension Adjustment
Replace camshaft timing belt every 60,000 miles.
COOLING SYSTEM
Replace engine coolant every 36 months or 30,000 miles. Check condition of hoses and clamps every 12 months or 15,000 miles, whichever
comes first. Replace hoses and clamps if necessary.
SERVICE POINT LOCATIONS
Fig. 2: Engine Service Point Locations (1988
-89 1.3L 2V Carb.)
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO. CAUT ION: Failure to replace a faulty cam shaft tim ing belt m ay result in serious engine dam age.
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Page 370 of 454

BRAKE PAD WEAR INDICATOR
CATALYTIC CONVERTER
COOLANT (PROPYLENE-GLYCOL FORMULATIONS)
ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE SENSITIVE (ESD) PARTS
ENGINE OIL
FUEL PUMP SHUTOFF SWITCH
This switch stops flow of fuel to engine after a collision. The impact does not have to be great for switch to be triggered. Switch must be reset
after collision. Switch is located under left rear speaker in luggage compartment. Press button to reset switch.
FUEL SYSTEM SERVICE
HALOGEN BULBS
PASSIVE RESTRAINTS
RADIATOR CAP
RADIATOR FAN
WARRANTY INFORMATION
BASIC NEW CAR LIMITED WARRANTY
All parts of the vehicle, except tires, are covered against defects in factory-supplied materials and workmanship for 12 months or 12,000 miles, CAUT ION: Indicator will cause a squealing or scraping noise, warning that brake pads need replacem ent.
CAUT ION: Continued operation of vehicle with a severe m alfunction could cause converter to overheat, resulting
in possible dam age to converter and vehicle.
CAUT ION: T o avoid possible dam age to vehicle use only ethylene-glycol based coolants with a m ixture ratio from
44-68% anti-freeze. DO NOT use 100% anti-freeze as it will cause the form ation of cooling system
deposits. T his results in coolant tem peratures of over 300° F (149°C) which can m elt plastics. 100% anti-
freeze has a freeze point of only -8° F (-22°C).
CAUT ION: Propylene-Glycol Mixtures has a sm aller tem perature range than Ethylene-Glycol. T he tem perature
range (freeze-boil) of a 50/50 Anti-Freeze/Water Mix is as follows: Propylene-Glycol -26° F (-32°C) - 257° F
(125°C) Ethylene-Glycol -35° F (-37°C) - 263° F (128°C)
CAUT ION: Propylene-Glycol/Ethylene-Glycol Mixtures can cause the destabilization of various corrosion inhibitors.
Also Propylene-Glycol/Ethylene-Glycol has a different specific gravity than Ethylene-Glycol coolant,
which will result in inaccurate freeze point calculations.
WARNING:Many solid state electrical com ponents can be dam aged by static electricity (ESD). Som e will display a
warning label, but m any will not. Discharge personal static electricity by touching a m etal ground point
on the vehicle prior to servicing any ESD sensitive com ponent.
CAUT ION: Never use non-detergent or straight m ineral oil.
WARNING:Relieve fuel system pressure prior to servicing any fuel system com ponent (fuel injection m odels).
WARNING:Halogen bulbs contain pressurized gas which m ay explode if overheated. DO NOT touch glass portion
of bulb with bare hands. Eye protection should be worn when handling or working around halogen
bulbs.
CAUT ION: Before operating vehicle, securely fasten passive shoulder restraints to the em ergency release buckles.
T he buckle fits in only one way. Ensure to position it properly.
CAUT ION: Always disconnect the fan m otor when working near the radiator fan. T he fan is tem perature controlled
and could start at any tim e even when the ignition key is in the OFF position. DO NOT loosen or rem ove
radiator cap when cooling system is hot.
WARNING:Keep hands away from radiator fan. Fan is controlled by a therm ostatic switch which m ay com e on or
run for up to 15 m inutes even after engine is turned off.
CAUT ION: Due to the different warranties offered in various regions and the variety of after-m arket extended
warranties available, please refer to the warranty package that cam e with the vehicle to verify all
warranty options.
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Page 372 of 454

Fig. 7: Fuse Panel Identification
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
Fuse Identification
1 - 15 Amp License Plate Light, Rear Side Marker Light, Front Parking Lights, Cluster and Tail Lights
2 - 15 Amp Horn, Brakelights, High-Mount Brakelight
3 - 15 Amp (1988-89) Safety Belt Warning, Turn & Hazard Warning Flasher Lights, Radio, Trunk Light, Ignition Key Reminder Buzzer
15 Amp (1990-93) Safety Belt Warning, Turn & Hazard Warning Flasher Lights, Ignition Key Reminder Buzzer
4 - 15 Amp Audio System, Cigarette Lighter, Remote Control Mirror
5 - 15 Amp Rear Wiper/Washer, Daytime Running Light System (Canada)
6 - 15 Amp Heater & Air Conditioner
7 - 20 Amp Heater & Air Conditioner, Cooling Fan System
8 - 10 Amp (1988-89) Interior Courtesy Lights
10 Amp (1990-93) R a d io , In t e r io r C o u r t e sy Ligh t s, Lu gga ge C o mp a r t me n t Ligh t
9 - 15 Amp (1988-89) Front Wiper/Washer
15 Amp (1990-93) Front Wiper/Washer, Shift-Lock System (ATX), Engine Control System
10 - 10 Amp Charging System, Emission Control System
11 - 10 Amp (1988-90) Safety Belt Warning, Turn & Hazard Warning Flasher Lights, Back-Up Lights, Instrument Cluster, Warning
Lights,
10 Amp (1991-93) Safety Belt Warning, Turn & Hazard Warning Flasher Lights, Back-Up Lights, Instrument Cluster, Warning Lights,
Shift-Lock System
12 - 15 Amp Rear Window Defroster
13 - Not Used (1988-89) Spare
30 Amp (1990-93) Passive Restraint System (Automatic Seat Belt)
In-Line Fuse Identification
15 Amp (1990-93) Condenser Fan Motor (A/T Models Only)
10 Amp (1990-93) A/C System (located on left side of heater case)
FUSIBLE LINK BLOCK IDENTIFICATION
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Fig. 8: Underhood Fusible Link Block Identification
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
Fusible Link Identification
A - Brown (PTC) (1988-89 Carburetor) EFE Carburetor Heater
Brown (EGI) (1989-93 EFI) EFI System (1989-92), EGI-EFI System (1993)
B - Red (Main) Back-Up, Interior & Parking Lights, Brakelights, Taillights, Horn, Luggage Compartment Light, Turn Signal & Hazard
F l a sh e r Ligh t s, C l u st e r & Wa r n in g Ligh t s, R a d io , C iga r e t t e Ligh t e r , C h a r gin g & E missio n C o n t r o l S yst e ms, Wip e r / Wa sh e r S yst e ms,
A/C-Heater System, Cooling Fan System, Rear Window Defroster, Ignition & Starting Systems, Shift Lock System, Remote Control
Mirror, Ignition Key Reminder, Passive Restraint System (1990-93)
C - Brown (Head) Headlights, Daytime Running Lights, Starting & Charging System
Copyr ight 2009 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Article GUID: A00129179
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Back To Article
SERVICE INDICATOR & WARNING LIGHTS
1988-92 MAINT ENANCE Ford Motor Co. Service Indicator & Warning Lights
SERVICE INDICATOR & WARNING LIGHTS
Fig. 1: Identifying Dash Gauges & W arning Lights
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
CHECK ENGINE WARNING LIGHT
If functioning properly, the Check Engine warning light comes on when ignition switch is in the ON position and goes out after engine is
started. If light fails to glow with ignition on or remains on when engine is running, a malfunction exists in the electronic engine control
system. System needs to be checked and serviced.
CHARGING SYSTEM WARNING LIGHT
Light comes on when ignition switch is in the ON or START position and goes out after engine is started and alternator is charged. Light may
also glow when there is a heavy electrical load on the system. If light remains on after reducing electrical load, check electrical system.
OIL PRESSURE WARNING LIGHT
Light should come on briefly and go out after engine is started. If light remains on with engine running, oil pressure is low. Check oil level.
ENGINE COOLANT TEMPERATURE GAUGE
Gauge should register within the NORMAL band under regular operating conditions. If gauge rises into the HOT range, stop engine, allow it to
cool, and then check coolant level.
BRAKE WARNING LIGHT
The Brake light indicates one of 2 conditions: parking brake is engaged, or malfunction exists in the dual braking system. If functioning
properly, light should come on briefly with ignition switch in the ON position and then go out after engine is started and parking brake is
released. If light remains on, a malfunction is indicated. Service brake system.
Copyr ight 2009 Mitchell Repair Information Company, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
Article GUID: A00062872
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Back To Article
ST EERING SYST EM - POWER
1991-92 ST EERING Ford Motor Co. - Steering - Power Rack & Pinion
DESCRIPTION & OPERATION
Power steering system consists of a rack and pinion steering gear, valve body, power steering pump, fluid reservoir and interconnecting
hydraulic lines. Pressure and return lines from pump are connected to valve body. A vane-type power steering pump draws fluid from the
steering reservoir. Fluid is compressed by rotor and vanes inside steering pump and sent to steering gear. Pressure is monitored and controlled
by a pressure switch and a control valve located inside of steering pump.
TROUBLE SHOOTING
Refer to TROUBLE SHOOTING - BASIC PROCEDURES article in the GENERAL TROUBLE SHOOTING section.
LUBRICATION
CAPACITY
Information is not available.
FLUID TYPE
Use Dexron-II ATF type fluid.
FLUID LEVEL CHECK
Check fluid level before engine is started, while fluid is still cool. Remove reservoir cap fluid indicator on steering pump. Check fluid level.
Fluid should be between the "L" and "H" marks on the level gauge dipstick. If fluid is needed, fill to the "L" mark on dipstick. Run engine until
warm and turn steering wheel fully in both directions about 10 times. Return steering to straight-ahead position and shut engine off. Ensure
fluid level is between "L" and "H" marks. Add fluid if necessary.
HYDRAULIC FLUID BLEEDING
1. Raise and support front of vehicle. Ensure pump reservoir is filled to specified level. With ignition coil wire disconnected, crank engine
and add fluid to steering pump until fluid level remains constant. While cranking engine, rotate steering from stop to stop. Recheck and
add fluid as necessary.
2. Start engine and allow to idle for several minutes. Turn steering wheel completely lock-to-lock several times. Check fluid level. Add
fluid as necessary. Continue this procedure until there is no bubbling or decrease in fluid level.
ADJUSTMENTS
BELT TENSION
On Festiva, remove air duct and air cleaner. On all models, loosen steering pump mounting pivot bolt and the adjusting bolt lock nut. Using
Belt Tension Gauge (021-0028A), fit gauge to longest available belt span for testing. Adjust belt to specification. See BELT TENSION
SPECIFICATIONS . Tighten adjuster lock nut to 32-45 ft. lbs. (43-61 N.m) on Capri or 27-38 ft. lbs. (37-52 N.m) on Festiva.
BELT TENSION SPECIFICATIONS
REMOVAL & INSTALLATION
STEERING GEAR
Removal
1. Disconnect negative battery cable. On Capri, mark and loosen intermediate lower U-joint. On Festiva, mark and remove steering gear
intermediate shaft connecting steering gear to column shaft. On all models, disconnect high pressure and return lines and plug them.
Loosen front wheel lug nuts.
2. Raise vehicle. Remove front wheels. Remove tie rod end cotter pins and nuts. Separate tie rod ends from steering knuckles using Tie
Rod Remover (T85M-3395-A). Remove tie rod end splash shields. Remove right fender splash shield. Remove front catalytic converter
nuts and separate converter from inlet pipe.
3. Place reference marks on tie rod end and tie rod for reassembly reference. Loosen tie rod jam nut and remove right tie rod end. Remove
steering gear mounting bolts and washers. Slide steering gear to the left and pull right tie rod through fender opening. Remove steering
gear by sliding it to the right.
Installation
Application
(1) Deflection: In.
(mm)Gauge Tension:
Lbs. (kg)
New Belt
Capri & Festiva.31-.35 (8-9)110-132 (50-60)
Used Belt
Capri.31-.35 (8-9)110-132 (50-60)
Festiva.35-.39 (9-10)95-110 (43-50)
(1)Apply approximately 22 lbs. (9.9 kg) of pressure.
Page 1 of 9 MITCHELL 1 ARTICLE - STEERING SYSTEM - POWER 1991-92 STEERING Ford Motor Co. - Steering - Power Rack & Pi
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1. Position steering gear in its mounting position. Attach intermediate shaft to steering gear pinion and tighten clamp bolt to 13-20 ft. lbs.
(18-26 N.m). Guide intermediate shaft into steering column hole. Lower vehicle.
2. Lift steering gear and align intermediate shaft with universal joint and install clamp bolt. Raise vehicle. Install steering gear mounting
bolts and tighten to 23-34 ft. lbs. (31-46 N.m). Install right tie rod end, using marks made during removal for installation reference.
Attach tie rod ends to steering knuckles. Install tie rod end nuts and tighten to 22-33 ft. lbs. (29-44 N.m).
3. Install tie rod end cotter pins. Attach catalytic converter to inlet pipe and install attaching nuts. Tighten nuts to 23-34 ft. lbs. (31-46
N.m). Install tie rod end splash shields. Install right fender splash shield. install front wheels. Lower vehicle.
4. Connect high pressure and return lines. Connect negative battery cable. Add power steering fluid and bleed air from system and check
for leaks. See HYDRAULIC FLUID BLEEDING
under LUBRICATION.
POWER STEERING PUMP
Removal (Capri)
1. Remove right radiator support and brace. Remove pump drive belt. Disconnect intercooler outlet hose at throttle intake (if equipped).
R e mo ve gr o u n d wir e fr o m e n gin e l ift in g e ye .
2. Remove pressure and return hoses and plug. Remove wire from pressure switch. Remove adjusting screw, nut and block from pump
bracket. Remove pivot bolt. Remove bracket retaining bolts then remove pump.
Removal (Festiva)
Remove air duct and air cleaner. Disconnect electrical connector from fluid pressure switch on power steering pump. Disconnect and plug
return and pressure lines. Remove adjustment bolt. Remove lock nut, washer and bracket bolt. Loosen mounting bolt and disconnect drive
belt. Remove mounting bolt. Remove power steering pump.
Installation (Capri & Festiva)
To install pump, reverse removal procedure. Adjust steering belt tension. Tighten all nuts and bolts to specification. See TORQUE
SPECIFICATIONS . Add power steering fluid and bleed air from system and check for leaks. See HYDRAULIC FLUID BLEEDING
under LUBRICATION.
OVERHAUL
STEERING GEAR
Disassembly (Capri)
1. Remove steering gear and place in soft-jawed vise. Remove external hydraulic lines. See Fig. 1 . Remove mount brackets and rubber
mount bushings. Remove brass tubing seats using a self-tapping screw and 2 screwdrivers.
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Page 410 of 454

Fig. 2: Compressing Band Apply Servo
Courtesy of FORD MOTOR CO.
DIFFERENTIAL OIL SEALS R & I
Removal
1. Raise and support vehicle. Drain transaxle fluid. Carefully raise staked portion of axle nut. Apply brakes and loosen, but DO NOT
remove, axle nut. Remove lower control arm ball joint clamp bolt. Pry downward on lower control arm to separate control arm from
knuckle.
2. Insert pry bar between transaxle case and axle flange. Carefully apply force to pry bar until axle circlip is disengaged. Slide knuckle
assembly off axle shaft, and remove axle from vehicle. Quickly install appropriate plug in transaxle. Using appropriate puller, remove
seal.
Installation
1. Apply lubrication to new seal. Using appropriate driver, install seal. Install new circlip on transaxle end of axle. Remove transaxle plug,
and carefully install axle into transaxle. Ensure circlip snaps into retaining groove.
2. Install axle into hub. Install NEW axle nut. Tighten bolts to specifications. See TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS
. Stake NEW axle nut
with blunt nose chisel. To complete installation, reverse removal procedure. Fill transaxle fluid to correct level.
OIL COOLER FLUSHING
Contaminates MUST be removed from oil cooler before transmission is put back into service. Replace cooler supply tubes if leaking.
Thoroughly flush oil cooler and lines if a major service or transaxle removal has occurred. It is recommended that a mechanically agitated
cleaner, such as Rotunda (014-00028), be used.
VACUUM THROTTLE VALVE DIAPHRAGM (MODULATOR) R & I
Removal
1. Drain transaxle fluid. Disconnect vacuum hose from modulator. Unscrew modulator from transaxle. Remove control rod. With beveled
side out, insert Vacuum Diaphragm Rod Gauge (T87C-77000-A) into mounting hole until gauge bottoms out.
2. Place gauge rod through opening of gauge until rod bottoms out against vacuum throttle valve. Tighten lock knob on gauge and remove
tool. Using depth gauge, measure distance from flat surface of gauge to end of rod. See Fig. 3
. Select proper length throttle valve rod.
See THROTTLE VALVE ROD DIMENSION CHART
.
THROTTLE VALVE ROD DIMENSION CHART
Installation
Install selected throttle valve rod. Coat threads of modulator with appropriate sealant. To install, reverse removal procedures.
NOTE:If replacing m odulator, it is necessary to replace throttle control valve rod.
Measurement In. (mm)Applicable Rod Length In. (mm)
1.0 (25.4)1.16 (29.5)
1.0-1.02 (25.4-25.9)1.18 (30.0)
1.02-1.04 (25.9-26.4)1.20 (30.5)
1.04-1.06 (25.9-26.4)1.22 (31.0)
1.06-1.08 (26.9-27.4)1.24 (31.5)
Page 2 of 26 MITCHELL 1 ARTICLE - 1988-94 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS Ford ATX Overhaul
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